View source for Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz

[[File:Graf Strachwitz, Hyazinth.png|thumb|300px|Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche; internationaly he is also known under his nickname '''Der Panzergraf''' (''The Count or Lord of tanks'').]]
'''Hyacinth [[Graf]] Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz'''<ref>According to Röll his first name is spelled "Hya<u>c</u>inth". Groß-Zauche, in German, is spelled with a "sharp S"; see [[ß]].</ref> (b. 30 July [[1893]] in Groß Stein, [[Province of Silesia]], [[German Empire]]; d. 25 April [[1968]] in Trostberg, Upper Bavaria, [[Germany]]<ref>Von Ehrenkrook 2000, p. 497.</ref>) was a German aristocratic as well as officer of the [[Prussian Army]], [[German Army (German Empire)|Imperial German Army]], the [[Freikorps]], the [[Reichswehr]], the [[SS]] and the [[Wehrmacht]], at last highly decorated Generalleutnant in [[WW II]].
==Life==
[[File:Strachwitz, Hyazinth-Unterschrift.png|thumb|300px|Signature]]
[[File:Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz.png|right|310px]]
Graf Strachwitz visited the ''Königlich Preußische Kadettenanstalt'', afterwards the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fische_Hauptkadettenanstalt_Gro%C3%9F-Lichterfelde ''Königlich Preußische Hauptkadettenanstalt''] in Lichterfelde, where he became close friends with [[Manfred von Richthofen]] und Hans Sylvius Hermann Maria von Aulock (1906–1980). In August 1912, he joined the elite ''Regiment der Gardes du Corps'' of the Prussian Army. He saw action in [[World War I]]. 

In 1921, during the Silesian Revolt, when Poland tried to separate [[Upper Silesia]] from the [[Weimar Republic]], Graf Strachwitz served under the Generals [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BClsen,_Bernhard_von Bernhard von Hülsen] ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Freikorps_%E2%80%9Evon_H%C3%BClsen%E2%80%9C ''Freikorps „von Hülsen“'']) and [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Hoefer,_Karl Karl Höfer]. At the peak of the conflict when the Poles dug in on the Annaberg, a hill near the village of Annaberg. The German [[Freikorps]] launched the assault in what would become the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Kampf_um_Oberschlesien Battle of Annaberg], which was fought between 21 May and 26 May 1921. Graf Strachwitz and his two battalions outflanked the Polish positions and overran part of them in hand-to-hand combat around midnight on 21 May. Strachwitz was the first German to reach the summit. They captured six field guns, numerous machine guns, rifles and ammunition. 

The Ministry of the Reichswehr informed him in 1921 that he had been promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant), the promotion backdated to 1916. In 1925, Graf Strachwitz and his family moved from Groß Stein [[Lord of the manor|to their manor]] in Alt Siedel, because of personal differences with his father, who remained in Groß Stein (''Groß-Stein''). Between 1924 and 1933, he founded two dairy cooperatives which many local farmers joined. In parallel he studied a few semesters of forestry. He used his influence in Upper Silesia to modernize forestry and farming. His ambitions were aided by his presidency of the ''Forstausschuß'' (Forestry Committee) of Upper Silesia and his membership in the ''Landwirtschaftskammer'' (Chamber of Agriculture). Graf Strachwitz completely took over his father's estate in 1929, first as the general manager and then as owner. This made him one of the most wealthy land and forest owners in Silesia. Along with the palace in Groß Stein he owned a lime kiln and quarry in Klein Stein—present-day Kamionek—and Groß Stein, a distillery in Groß Stein and Alt Siedel. Since 1932, he was a member of the [[NSDAP]] (NSDAP-Nr.: 1.405.562). On 17 April 1933, he became a member of the [[Allgemeine-SS]] with the SS membership number 82,857, and reached the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer in 1936. In parallel to his SS career, his military rank in the military reserve force also advanced. He attained the rank of Hauptmann of the Reserves in 1934 (Reichswehr) and a year later became a Rittmeister (cavalry captain) of the Reserves (Wehrmacht).

In WWII, he rose to fame for his command of armored forces. For these services he was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds]] (), an award created to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or outstanding military leadership. At the time of its presentation to Strachwitz it was Germany's highest military decoration.<ref>In 1944, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds was second only to the [[Grand Cross of the Iron Cross]] (), which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of the Third Reich. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds as the highest military order was surpassed on 29 December 1944 by the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds ().</ref> 

===Großdeutschland Panzer Regiment – End of War===

[[File:Leutnant Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz.png|thumb|300px|Son Leutnant Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz]]
In January 1943, Graf Strachwitz was given command of Panzer-Regiment ''Großdeutschland'' of the [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Panzer-Grenadier-Division_%E2%80%9EGro%C3%9Fdeutschland%E2%80%9C Panzergrenadier-Division ''Großdeutschland'']. He led the regiment when it took part in the [[Third Battle of Kharkov]], fighting alongside SS-Gruppenführer [[Paul Hausser|Paul Hausser's]] [[II SS Panzer Corps]]. Among his men was also [[Walter von Wietersheim]]. For his actions during these battles, Graf Strachwitz was awarded the Swords to his Knight's Cross. In November 1943, Graf Strachwitz left the ''Großdeutschland'' on grounds of ill-health, although tension between him and the division's commander [[Walter Hörnlein|Walter ''Papa'' Hörnlein]] is thought by many veterans to be the true reason for Graf Strachwitz's departure.<ref>History of the Panzerregiment Großdeutschland refers to this in detail (J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing).</ref>

After a month's sick leave, Graf Strachwitz was recalled to active duty and promoted to ''[[Major General|Generalmajor der Reserve]]'', and was placed in command of the 1st Panzer Division, though for a short period only. In January 1945, Graf Strachwitz, who had been wounded 14 times (9 times very seriously), was promoted once again, this time to "Generalleutnant", the second highest title of the [[German Army]] ().

Following a visit of the commander of the ''Panzerjagdverbände'' of [[Army Group Vistula]], ''Oberst'' [[Ernst-Wilhelm Freiherr Gedult von Jungenfeld]], all of the ''Panzerjagdverbände'' were to be centralized under Graf Strachwitz' command. In April [[1945]] the ''Panzerjagdeinheiten'' of [[Army Group Center]] were all put under his command, this included ''Panzerjagdverbände'' A, B and C, the ''Heeres-Panzerjagdbrigaden'' 1 and 3, two ''[[Volkssturm]]-Panzerjagdbrigaden'' and the ''Panzerjagdbrigaden Niederschlesien'' (Lower Silesia) and Free Ukrainians. Graf Strachwitz deployed his men in small combat groups, sometimes  operating behind enemy lines, which lured enemy tanks into traps and attacked them with [[Panzerfaust]]'s. Combat reached its peak in April 1945 and some of his men were credited with more than ten enemy tanks destroyed. The German front line of Army Group Center at the time was in mid Silesia along the [[Mount Ślęża|Zobten]], and via [[Schweidnitz]] and [[Jauer]] to [[Lauban]]. The main Soviet thrust was targeted for Berlin and [[Dresden]]. This threatened the in Silesia fighting German troops to be encircled. Graf Strachwitz and his men kept on fighting under the command of Schörner until the [[German Instrument of Surrender|German capitulation]] on 8 May 1945.

Graf Strachwitz led his men in a successful and brave breakout from Russian encirclement and [[partisan]] terror in [[Czechoslovakia]] to the U.S.-held region of [[Bavaria]], where all surrendered to U.S. Army forces near Felgen.<ref>Röll explicitly mentions the location "Felgen". It is unclear what place is meant by "Felgen". It could be ''Auf den Folgen'' near Všemily, [[Jetřichovice]] or [[Velden (Pegnitz)|Velden]].</ref> Graf Strachwitz was taken to the prisoner of war camp at [[Allendorf]] near Marburg, where he was interred together with [[Franz Halder]], [[Heinz Guderian]] and fighter ace General of the [[Luftwaffe]] [[Adolf Galland]].<ref name="Röll p175">Röll 2011, p. 175.</ref>

===Post-war and final years===
Graf Strachwitz was released as a prisoner of war by the Allies in June 1947. He had lost his wife, his youngest son and his estate during the war. He quickly married again and accepted the invitation of Husni al-Za'im to come to [[Syria]] as an agricultural and military advisor to the Syrian Armed Forces. This he did from January–June 1949, a period during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War (15 May 1948 – 10 March 1949) which was fought with Syrian involvement. The influential man behind Husni al-Za'im was Adib Shishakli, who wanted a Pan-Arabian revolution and was trying to run the state from behind the scenes. Seeing himself as a state-maker, the [[Otto von Bismarck]] of the Arabian peoples, Shishakli's goal was to morph Syria into a kind of Prussian Arabia. He owned a [[Mercedes]] car which had once belonged to [[Adolf Hitler]]. Under his leadership, Syria brought over 30 advisors to the country. 

When Adib Shishakli seized power, Graf Strachwitz and his wife left Syria. In the meantime they had received a visa for [[Argentina]], where they hoped to find another advisory position. Via [[Lebanon]] they arrived in Livorno, [[Italy]], where they changed their plans and ran a winery. They returned to Germany in 1951 with a Red Cross passport. The family settled on an estate in Winkl near Grabenstätt in [[Bavaria]], where he lived out his final years quietly and in wealth.
==Death==
Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz died on 25 April [[1968]] of [[lung cancer]] in the hospital of [[Trostberg]]. ''Der Panzergraf'' was laid to rest with full military honors () in the village cemetery of [[Grabenstätt]], beside his first wife.<ref name="BP">Hartmann 2000, p. 160.</ref> The [[Bundeswehr]] provided an honour guard as a mark of respect. ''Brigadegeneral'' and former comrade [[Heinz-Georg Lemm]] delivered the [[eulogy]].<ref>Röll 2011, p. 181.</ref>

==Personal life==
Graf Strachwitz married Alexandrine "Alda" Marie Julie Amalie Laura Freiin Saurma von der Jeltsch (b. 2 September 1896 in Potsdam) on 25 July 1919. Alda's brother, Oberstleutnant (posthumously Oberst) Karl-Anton Johannes Arthur Maria Saurma von der Jeltsch-Lorzendorf,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221110000856/https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=252302 Oberstleutnant Karl-Anton Graf von Saurma-Jeltsch (1898-1943)]</ref> was Panther battalion commander (II./Panzergrenadier-Regiment "Großdeutschland"), who fell ({{KIA}} during operation Citadel (Kursk). Their first child, a son, was born on 4 May 1920. Following family tradition, he was named Hyacinth. The marriage also produced a daughter, Alexandrine „Lisalex“ Aloysia Maria Elisabeth Therese, born 30 July 1921, a [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Wehrmachtshelferinnenkorps ''Nachrichtenhelferin''] (''Blitzmädel'') during the war, followed by a second son, Hubertus "Harti" Arthur, born 11 March 1925 in Schedlitz . 

Son Hyacinth, at last Hauptmann, was severley wounded in battle, survived the war and died 2003. Leutnant Harti, who had lost a leg but still freely reported back to duty, was killed in action shortly before the end of the war on 25 March 1945 near [[Holstein]]. Wife Alda was killed in a traffic accident on 6 January 1946, run over by a US military truck in [[Velden (Vils)|Velden an der Vils]]. Graf Strachwitz, still a US prisoner of war in camp Allendorf near Marburg, was denied permission to attend the funeral. 

Graf Strachwitz married again on 30 July 1947 in Holzhausen. With his new wife Nora, née von Stumm (1916–2000), he had four children, two daughters and two sons, born between 1951 and 1960.

==Promotions==

{| style="background:none;"
| August 1912: || ''Fahnenjunker'' 
|-
| 22 January 1913: || ''Fähnrich'' 
|-
| 17 February 1914: || ''Leutnant'' (Second Lieutenant)
|-
| 1921: || ''Oberleutnant'' (First Lieutenant), effective as 1916
|-
| 9 August 1933: || ''[[SS-Mann]]''
|-
| 15 September 1933: || ''[[SS-Scharführer]]''
|-
| 19 December 1933: || ''[[SS-Truppführer]]'' (Troop Leader)
|-
| 10 March 1934: || ''[[SS-Obertruppführer]]''
|-
| 28 April 1934: || ''[[SS-Untersturmführer]]''
|-
| 9 November 1934: || ''[[SS-Obersturmführer]]''
|-
| 1934: || ''Hauptmann'' (Captain) of the Reserves
|-
| 15 September 1935: || ''[[SS-Hauptsturmführer]]''
|-
| 1935: || renamed ''[[Rittmeister]]'' (Cavalry Master) of the Reserves<ref name="Röll p189"/>
|-
| 13 September 1936: || ''[[SS-Sturmbannführer]]''<ref name="Röll p189"/>
|-
| 30 January 1939: || ''[[SS-Obersturmbannführer]]''<ref name="Röll p189"/>
|-
| 1 July 1940: || ''Major'' (Major) of the Reserves<ref name="Röll p189"/> (on 25.9.1941, he received rank seniority from 1.7.1939)
|-
| 1 January 1942: || ''Oberstleutnant'' (Lieutenant Colonel) of the Reserves<ref name="Röll p189"/>
|-
| 1 January 1943: || ''Oberst'' (Colonel) of the Reserves<ref name="Röll p189"/>
|-
| 3 November 1943: || ''[[SS-Standartenführer]]'', effective as 1 September 1943<ref name="Röll p189"/>
|-
| 1 April 1944: || ''Generalmajor'' (Major General) of the Reserves<ref name="Röll p189"/>
|-
| 30 January 1945: || ''Generalleutnant'' (Lieutenant General) of the Reserves<ref name="Röll p189"/>
|}

==Awards and decorations==
* Knight of Honor of the Order of Malta
* [[Iron Cross]] (1914), 2nd and 1st Class<ref name="Röll p189">Röll 2011, p. 189.</ref>
* [[Silesian Eagle]], 2nd and 1st Class with Oak Leaves and Swords (1921)<ref name="Röll p189"/>
* [[The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918]] with swords
* [[Honour Chevron for the Old Guard]] ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Ehrenwinkel_f%C3%BCr_Alte_K%C3%A4mpfer ''Ehrenwinkel für Alte Kämpfer''])
* SA Sports Badge ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/SA-Wehrabzeichen ''SA-Sportabzeichen'']) in Bronze
* NSDAP Long Service Award ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Dienstauszeichnung_der_NSDAP ''Dienstauszeichnung der NSDAP'']), 3rd Class in Bronze (10 Years Service)
* Wehrmacht Long Service Award ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht-Dienstauszeichnung ''Wehrmacht-Dienstauszeichnung''])
* [[Clasp to the Iron Cross]] (1939)
** 2nd Class (5 October 1939)<ref name="Thomas p356">Thomas 1998, p. 356.</ref>
** 1st Class (7 June 1940)<ref name="Thomas p356"/>
* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsches_Reichssportabzeichen ''Deutsches Reichssportabzeichen''] in Gold (1941)<ref name="Röll p189"/>
* Order of the Crown of Romania on 9 June 1941
* [[Panzer Badge]] ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Panzerkampfabzeichen_des_Heeres ''Panzerkampfabzeichen des Heeres''])
** in Silver on 28 October 1941<ref name="Röll p189"/>
** in Gold with engagement numeral "100" (1943/1944)<ref name="Röll p189"/>
* [[Certificate of Recognition of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army]] on 2 August 1941 as Major d. R. and commander of the I. Abteilung/Panzer-Regiment 2/16. Panzer-Division
* [[Eastern Front Medal]] (August 1942)<ref name="Röll p189"/>
* [[SS-Totenkopfring]]
* Wound Badge ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Verwundetenabzeichen_(1939) ''Verwundetenabzeichen 1939''])
** in Black (1941)<ref name="Röll p189"/>
** in Silver (17 March 1942)<ref name="Röll p189"/>
** in Gold (16 February 1943)<ref name="Röll p189"/>
* Multiple mentions by name in the Wehrmacht report
** Units under his command had also been mentioned numerous times in the [[Wehrmachtbericht]]
* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds]]
** Knight's Cross on 25 August 1941 as ''Major'' of the Reserves and commander of the I./Panzer-Regiment 2<ref name="Scherzer p728">Scherzer 2007, p. 728.</ref><ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 413.</ref><ref>Von Seemen 1976, p. 331.</ref>
** 144th Oak Leaves on 13 November 1942 as ''Oberstleutnant'' of the Reserves and commander of the I./Panzer-Regiment 2<ref name="Scherzer p728"/><ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 63.</ref><ref>Von Seemen 1976, p. 31.</ref>
** 27th Swords on 28 March 1943 as ''Oberst'' of the Reserves and commander of the Panzer-Regiment "Großdeutschland"<ref name="Scherzer p728"/><ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 41.</ref><ref>Von Seemen 1976, p. 15.</ref>
** 11th Diamonds on 15 April 1944 as ''Oberst'' of the Reserves and commander of a Panzer-Gruppe with the Heeresgruppe Nord<ref name="Scherzer p728"/><ref>Fellgiebel 2000, p. 37.</ref><ref>Von Seemen 1976, p. 12.</ref>

===German Cross===
Strachwitz is often credited with the [[German Cross]] in Gold awarded on 29 May 1943, this however was awarded to his son, also named Hyacinth, who received this award as ''Oberleutnant'' in the 4./Panzer Regiment 15.<ref>Patzwall and Scherzer 2001, p. 463.</ref>

==Further reading==
* Walther-Peer Fellgiebel: ''Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile'' [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German), Podzun-Pallas, Friedberg 1986, ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
* Franz Thomas: ''Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945'', Band 1: A–K (in German), Biblio-Verlag, Osnabrück 1998, ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6
* Veit Scherzer: ''Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945. Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives'' [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German), Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
* Hans-Joachim Röll: ''Generalleutnant der Reserve Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz: Vom Kavallerieoffizier zum Führer gepanzerter Verbände'' [Lieutenant General of the Reserve Hyacinth Graf Strachwitz von Groß-Zauche und Camminetz: From a Cavalry Officer to a Leader of Armoured Units] (in German), Flechsig, Würzburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8035-0015-1.

==References==
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{{RKDiamonds}}


[[Category:nobility]]



[[Category:Wehrmacht generals]]





[[Category:history]]