Abolitionism - Revision history

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

2024-04-28T23:04:26Z

Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 28 April 2024
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	[[File:The results of abolitionism.png\|thumb\|350px\|This cartoon, originally part of American political caricatures accessioned 1899, reflects ~~tbe~~ legitimate fear based on experiences among Northern [[white]] workers of job competition with free [[blacks]].]]		[[File:The results of abolitionism.png\|thumb\|350px\|This cartoon, originally part of American political caricatures accessioned 1899, reflects the legitimate fear based on experiences among Northern [[white]] workers of job competition with free [[blacks]].]]
	'''Abolitionism''' was a movement in [[western Europe]] and [[the Americas]] to end ~~tbe~~ [[slave trade]] and emancipate slaves. The noun ''abolition'' (an annulling; abrogation) is generally defined as ~~tbe~~ action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution (the abolition of capital punishment, ~~tbe~~ abolition of unfair taxes, and so on).		'''Abolitionism''' was a movement in [[western Europe]] and [[the Americas]] to end the [[slave trade]] and emancipate slaves. The noun ''abolition'' (an annulling; abrogation) is generally defined as the action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution (the abolition of capital punishment, the abolition of unfair taxes, and so on).

	==History==		==History==
	The slave system aroused little protest until ~~tbe~~ 18th century, when rationalist thinkers of ~~tbe~~ [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] criticized it for violating ~~tbe~~ rights of man, and [[Quaker]], [[Amish]] and other evangelical religious groups condemned it as ''un-Christian''. Though anti-slavery sentiments were widespread by ~~tbe~~ late 18th century, they had little immediate effect on ~~tbe~~ centers of slavery: ~~tbe~~ [[West Indies]], South America, and ~~tbe~~ [[Southern United States]]. [[Pennsylvania]] passed [[An Act for ~~tbe~~ Gradual Abolition of Slavery]] in 1780. Britain banned ~~tbe~~ importation of [[African slaves]] in its colonies in 1807, and ~~tbe~~ United States followed in 1808. The [[British West Indies]] abolished slavery in 1827 and ~~tbe~~ [[French colonial empire\|French colonies]] abolished it 15 years later.		The slave system aroused little protest until the 18th century, when rationalist thinkers of the [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] criticized it for violating the rights of man, and [[Quaker]], [[Amish]] and other evangelical religious groups condemned it as ''un-Christian''. Though anti-slavery sentiments were widespread by the late 18th century, they had little immediate effect on the centers of slavery: the [[West Indies]], South America, and the [[Southern United States]]. [[Pennsylvania]] passed [[An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery]] in 1780. Britain banned the importation of [[African slaves]] in its colonies in 1807, and the United States followed in 1808. The [[British West Indies]] abolished slavery in 1827 and the [[French colonial empire\|French colonies]] abolished it 15 years later.

	In Britain, [[William Wilberforce]] took on ~~tbe~~ cause of abolition in 1787 after ~~tbe~~ formation of ~~tbe~~ [[Committee for ~~tbe~~ Abolition of ~~tbe~~ Slave Trade]], in which he led ~~tbe~~ parliamentary campaign to abolish ~~tbe~~ slave trade in ~~tbe~~ British Empire with ~~tbe~~ [[Slave Trade Act 1807]]. He continued to campaign for ~~tbe~~ abolition of slavery in ~~tbe~~ British Empire, which he lived to see in ~~tbe~~ [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]].		In Britain, [[William Wilberforce]] took on the cause of abolition in 1787 after the formation of the [[Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade]], in which he led the parliamentary campaign to abolish the slave trade in the British Empire with the [[Slave Trade Act 1807]]. He continued to campaign for the abolition of slavery in the British Empire, which he lived to see in the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]].

	In eleven [[U.S. state\|States]] constituting ~~tbe~~ [[American South]], slavery was a social and powerful economic institution, integral to ~~tbe~~ agricultural economy. By ~~tbe~~ [[1860 United States Census]], ~~tbe~~ slave population in ~~tbe~~ United States had grown to four million.<ref>[http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/manassas/social/introsoc.htm Introduction - Social Aspects of ~~tbe~~ Civil War]</ref>. American abolitionism labored under ~~tbe~~ handicap that it was accused of threatening ~~tbe~~ harmony of [[Northern United States\|North]] and South in ~~tbe~~ Union. The abolitionist movement in ~~tbe~~ North was led by social reformers such as [[William Lloyd Garrison]], founder of ~~tbe~~ [[American Anti-Slavery Society]]; writers such as [[John Greenleaf Whittier]] and [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]]; former slaves such as [[Frederick Douglass]]; and free blacks such as brothers [[Charles Henry Langston]] and [[John Mercer Langston]], who helped found ~~tbe~~ Ohio Anti-Slavery Society.<ref>Leon F. Litwack and August Meier, eds., "John Mercer Langston: Principle and Politics", in ''Black Leaders of ~~tbe~~ Nineteenth Century'', University of Illinois Press, 1991, pp. 106–111</ref>		In eleven [[U.S. state\|States]] constituting the [[American South]], slavery was a social and powerful economic institution, integral to the agricultural economy. By the [[1860 United States Census]], the slave population in the United States had grown to four million.<ref>[http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/manassas/social/introsoc.htm Introduction - Social Aspects of the Civil War]</ref>. American abolitionism labored under the handicap that it was accused of threatening the harmony of [[Northern United States\|North]] and South in the Union. The abolitionist movement in the North was led by social reformers such as [[William Lloyd Garrison]], founder of the [[American Anti-Slavery Society]]; writers such as [[John Greenleaf Whittier]] and [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]]; former slaves such as [[Frederick Douglass]]; and free blacks such as brothers [[Charles Henry Langston]] and [[John Mercer Langston]], who helped found the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society.<ref>Leon F. Litwack and August Meier, eds., "John Mercer Langston: Principle and Politics", in ''Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century'', University of Illinois Press, 1991, pp. 106–111</ref>

	The [[United States presidential election, 1860\|1860 presidential victory]] of [[Abraham Lincoln]], who opposed ~~tbe~~ spread of slavery to ~~tbe~~ [[Western United States]], marked a turning point in ~~tbe~~ movement. Convinced that their way of life was threatened, ~~tbe~~ Southern states [[Secession\|seceded]] from ~~tbe~~ Union, which led to ~~tbe~~ [[American Civil War]]. In 1863, Lincoln issued ~~tbe~~ [[Emancipation Proclamation]], which freed slaves held in ~~tbe~~ [[Confederate States]]; ~~tbe~~ [[Thirteenth Amendment to ~~tbe~~ United States Constitution\|13th Amendment to ~~tbe~~ U.S. Constitution]] (1865) prohibited slavery throughout ~~tbe~~ country. Slavery was abolished in most of Latin America during ~~tbe~~ Independence Wars (1810–1822), but slavery remained a practice in ~~tbe~~ region up to 1888 in [[Brazil]], as well as having long life in ~~tbe~~ remaining Spanish colonies of [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]]. In some parts of Africa and in much of ~~tbe~~ [[Islamic world]], it persisted as a legal institution well into ~~tbe~~ 20th century.		The [[United States presidential election, 1860\|1860 presidential victory]] of [[Abraham Lincoln]], who opposed the spread of slavery to the [[Western United States]], marked a turning point in the movement. Convinced that their way of life was threatened, the Southern states [[Secession\|seceded]] from the Union, which led to the [[American Civil War]]. In 1863, Lincoln issued the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], which freed slaves held in the [[Confederate States]]; the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution\|13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]] (1865) prohibited slavery throughout the country. Slavery was abolished in most of Latin America during the Independence Wars (1810–1822), but slavery remained a practice in the region up to 1888 in [[Brazil]], as well as having long life in the remaining Spanish colonies of [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]]. In some parts of Africa and in much of the [[Islamic world]], it persisted as a legal institution well into the 20th century.
	===Amerindians===		===Amerindians===
	Abolitionism was preceded by ~~tbe~~ "New Laws of ~~tbe~~ Indies for ~~tbe~~ Good Treatment and Preservation of ~~tbe~~ Indians"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220731235339/https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-15-4-c-laws-of-the-indies-spain-and-the-native-peoples-of-the-new-world Laws of ~~tbe~~ Indies: Spain and ~~tbe~~ Native Peoples of ~~tbe~~ New World]</ref> in 1542, in which [[Roman-German Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor\|Charles V]], who was also ~~tbe~~ ''King of Spain'', declared freedom for all [[Indigenous peoples of ~~tbe~~ Americas\|Native American]] slaves, abolishing slavery of these races, and declaring them citizens of ~~tbe~~ Empire with full rights. The move was inspired by writings of ~~tbe~~ Spanish monk [[Bartolome de las Casas]] and ~~tbe~~ [[School of Salamanca]]. Spanish settlers replaced ~~tbe~~ Native American slaves with enslaved laborers brought from [[Africa]], so did not abolish slavery altogether.		Abolitionism was preceded by the "New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220731235339/https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-15-4-c-laws-of-the-indies-spain-and-the-native-peoples-of-the-new-world Laws of the Indies: Spain and the Native Peoples of the New World]</ref> in 1542, in which [[Roman-German Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor\|Charles V]], who was also the ''King of Spain'', declared freedom for all [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas\|Native American]] slaves, abolishing slavery of these races, and declaring them citizens of the Empire with full rights. The move was inspired by writings of the Spanish monk [[Bartolome de las Casas]] and the [[School of Salamanca]]. Spanish settlers replaced the Native American slaves with enslaved laborers brought from [[Africa]], so did not abolish slavery altogether.
	===21 century===		===21 century===
	Today, child and adult slavery and [[Unfree labour\|forced labour]] are illegal in most countries, as well as being against [[international law]]. Because slavery still exists, however, with an estimated 27 million people enslaved worldwide, a new international abolitionist movement has recently emerged.		Today, child and adult slavery and [[Unfree labour\|forced labour]] are illegal in most countries, as well as being against [[international law]]. Because slavery still exists, however, with an estimated 27 million people enslaved worldwide, a new international abolitionist movement has recently emerged.

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Abolition of ~~tbe~~ Feudal System in France 1789]]		* [[Abolition of the Feudal System in France 1789]]

	==External links==		==External links==

Bacchus: Text replacement - " the " to " tbe "

2024-04-26T16:59:01Z

Text replacement - " the " to " tbe "

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:59, 26 April 2024
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	[[File:The results of abolitionism.png\|thumb\|350px\|This cartoon, originally part of American political caricatures accessioned 1899, reflects ~~the~~ legitimate fear based on experiences among Northern [[white]] workers of job competition with free [[blacks]].]]		[[File:The results of abolitionism.png\|thumb\|350px\|This cartoon, originally part of American political caricatures accessioned 1899, reflects tbe legitimate fear based on experiences among Northern [[white]] workers of job competition with free [[blacks]].]]
	'''Abolitionism''' was a movement in [[western Europe]] and [[the Americas]] to end ~~the~~ [[slave trade]] and emancipate slaves. The noun ''abolition'' (an annulling; abrogation) is generally defined as ~~the~~ action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution (the abolition of capital punishment, ~~the~~ abolition of unfair taxes, and so on).		'''Abolitionism''' was a movement in [[western Europe]] and [[the Americas]] to end tbe [[slave trade]] and emancipate slaves. The noun ''abolition'' (an annulling; abrogation) is generally defined as tbe action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution (the abolition of capital punishment, tbe abolition of unfair taxes, and so on).

	==History==		==History==
	The slave system aroused little protest until ~~the~~ 18th century, when rationalist thinkers of ~~the~~ [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] criticized it for violating ~~the~~ rights of man, and [[Quaker]], [[Amish]] and other evangelical religious groups condemned it as ''un-Christian''. Though anti-slavery sentiments were widespread by ~~the~~ late 18th century, they had little immediate effect on ~~the~~ centers of slavery: ~~the~~ [[West Indies]], South America, and ~~the~~ [[Southern United States]]. [[Pennsylvania]] passed [[An Act for ~~the~~ Gradual Abolition of Slavery]] in 1780. Britain banned ~~the~~ importation of [[African slaves]] in its colonies in 1807, and ~~the~~ United States followed in 1808. The [[British West Indies]] abolished slavery in 1827 and ~~the~~ [[French colonial empire\|French colonies]] abolished it 15 years later.		The slave system aroused little protest until tbe 18th century, when rationalist thinkers of tbe [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] criticized it for violating tbe rights of man, and [[Quaker]], [[Amish]] and other evangelical religious groups condemned it as ''un-Christian''. Though anti-slavery sentiments were widespread by tbe late 18th century, they had little immediate effect on tbe centers of slavery: tbe [[West Indies]], South America, and tbe [[Southern United States]]. [[Pennsylvania]] passed [[An Act for tbe Gradual Abolition of Slavery]] in 1780. Britain banned tbe importation of [[African slaves]] in its colonies in 1807, and tbe United States followed in 1808. The [[British West Indies]] abolished slavery in 1827 and tbe [[French colonial empire\|French colonies]] abolished it 15 years later.

	In Britain, [[William Wilberforce]] took on ~~the~~ cause of abolition in 1787 after ~~the~~ formation of ~~the~~ [[Committee for ~~the~~ Abolition of ~~the~~ Slave Trade]], in which he led ~~the~~ parliamentary campaign to abolish ~~the~~ slave trade in ~~the~~ British Empire with ~~the~~ [[Slave Trade Act 1807]]. He continued to campaign for ~~the~~ abolition of slavery in ~~the~~ British Empire, which he lived to see in ~~the~~ [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]].		In Britain, [[William Wilberforce]] took on tbe cause of abolition in 1787 after tbe formation of tbe [[Committee for tbe Abolition of tbe Slave Trade]], in which he led tbe parliamentary campaign to abolish tbe slave trade in tbe British Empire with tbe [[Slave Trade Act 1807]]. He continued to campaign for tbe abolition of slavery in tbe British Empire, which he lived to see in tbe [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]].

	In eleven [[U.S. state\|States]] constituting ~~the~~ [[American South]], slavery was a social and powerful economic institution, integral to ~~the~~ agricultural economy. By ~~the~~ [[1860 United States Census]], ~~the~~ slave population in ~~the~~ United States had grown to four million.<ref>[http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/manassas/social/introsoc.htm Introduction - Social Aspects of ~~the~~ Civil War]</ref>. American abolitionism labored under ~~the~~ handicap that it was accused of threatening ~~the~~ harmony of [[Northern United States\|North]] and South in ~~the~~ Union. The abolitionist movement in ~~the~~ North was led by social reformers such as [[William Lloyd Garrison]], founder of ~~the~~ [[American Anti-Slavery Society]]; writers such as [[John Greenleaf Whittier]] and [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]]; former slaves such as [[Frederick Douglass]]; and free blacks such as brothers [[Charles Henry Langston]] and [[John Mercer Langston]], who helped found ~~the~~ Ohio Anti-Slavery Society.<ref>Leon F. Litwack and August Meier, eds., "John Mercer Langston: Principle and Politics", in ''Black Leaders of ~~the~~ Nineteenth Century'', University of Illinois Press, 1991, pp. 106–111</ref>		In eleven [[U.S. state\|States]] constituting tbe [[American South]], slavery was a social and powerful economic institution, integral to tbe agricultural economy. By tbe [[1860 United States Census]], tbe slave population in tbe United States had grown to four million.<ref>[http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/manassas/social/introsoc.htm Introduction - Social Aspects of tbe Civil War]</ref>. American abolitionism labored under tbe handicap that it was accused of threatening tbe harmony of [[Northern United States\|North]] and South in tbe Union. The abolitionist movement in tbe North was led by social reformers such as [[William Lloyd Garrison]], founder of tbe [[American Anti-Slavery Society]]; writers such as [[John Greenleaf Whittier]] and [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]]; former slaves such as [[Frederick Douglass]]; and free blacks such as brothers [[Charles Henry Langston]] and [[John Mercer Langston]], who helped found tbe Ohio Anti-Slavery Society.<ref>Leon F. Litwack and August Meier, eds., "John Mercer Langston: Principle and Politics", in ''Black Leaders of tbe Nineteenth Century'', University of Illinois Press, 1991, pp. 106–111</ref>

	The [[United States presidential election, 1860\|1860 presidential victory]] of [[Abraham Lincoln]], who opposed ~~the~~ spread of slavery to ~~the~~ [[Western United States]], marked a turning point in ~~the~~ movement. Convinced that their way of life was threatened, ~~the~~ Southern states [[Secession\|seceded]] from ~~the~~ Union, which led to ~~the~~ [[American Civil War]]. In 1863, Lincoln issued ~~the~~ [[Emancipation Proclamation]], which freed slaves held in ~~the~~ [[Confederate States]]; ~~the~~ [[Thirteenth Amendment to ~~the~~ United States Constitution\|13th Amendment to ~~the~~ U.S. Constitution]] (1865) prohibited slavery throughout ~~the~~ country. Slavery was abolished in most of Latin America during ~~the~~ Independence Wars (1810–1822), but slavery remained a practice in ~~the~~ region up to 1888 in [[Brazil]], as well as having long life in ~~the~~ remaining Spanish colonies of [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]]. In some parts of Africa and in much of ~~the~~ [[Islamic world]], it persisted as a legal institution well into ~~the~~ 20th century.		The [[United States presidential election, 1860\|1860 presidential victory]] of [[Abraham Lincoln]], who opposed tbe spread of slavery to tbe [[Western United States]], marked a turning point in tbe movement. Convinced that their way of life was threatened, tbe Southern states [[Secession\|seceded]] from tbe Union, which led to tbe [[American Civil War]]. In 1863, Lincoln issued tbe [[Emancipation Proclamation]], which freed slaves held in tbe [[Confederate States]]; tbe [[Thirteenth Amendment to tbe United States Constitution\|13th Amendment to tbe U.S. Constitution]] (1865) prohibited slavery throughout tbe country. Slavery was abolished in most of Latin America during tbe Independence Wars (1810–1822), but slavery remained a practice in tbe region up to 1888 in [[Brazil]], as well as having long life in tbe remaining Spanish colonies of [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]]. In some parts of Africa and in much of tbe [[Islamic world]], it persisted as a legal institution well into tbe 20th century.
	===Amerindians===		===Amerindians===
	Abolitionism was preceded by ~~the~~ "New Laws of ~~the~~ Indies for ~~the~~ Good Treatment and Preservation of ~~the~~ Indians"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220731235339/https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-15-4-c-laws-of-the-indies-spain-and-the-native-peoples-of-the-new-world Laws of ~~the~~ Indies: Spain and ~~the~~ Native Peoples of ~~the~~ New World]</ref> in 1542, in which [[Roman-German Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor\|Charles V]], who was also ~~the~~ ''King of Spain'', declared freedom for all [[Indigenous peoples of ~~the~~ Americas\|Native American]] slaves, abolishing slavery of these races, and declaring them citizens of ~~the~~ Empire with full rights. The move was inspired by writings of ~~the~~ Spanish monk [[Bartolome de las Casas]] and ~~the~~ [[School of Salamanca]]. Spanish settlers replaced ~~the~~ Native American slaves with enslaved laborers brought from [[Africa]], so did not abolish slavery altogether.		Abolitionism was preceded by tbe "New Laws of tbe Indies for tbe Good Treatment and Preservation of tbe Indians"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220731235339/https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-15-4-c-laws-of-the-indies-spain-and-the-native-peoples-of-the-new-world Laws of tbe Indies: Spain and tbe Native Peoples of tbe New World]</ref> in 1542, in which [[Roman-German Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor\|Charles V]], who was also tbe ''King of Spain'', declared freedom for all [[Indigenous peoples of tbe Americas\|Native American]] slaves, abolishing slavery of these races, and declaring them citizens of tbe Empire with full rights. The move was inspired by writings of tbe Spanish monk [[Bartolome de las Casas]] and tbe [[School of Salamanca]]. Spanish settlers replaced tbe Native American slaves with enslaved laborers brought from [[Africa]], so did not abolish slavery altogether.
	===21 century===		===21 century===
	Today, child and adult slavery and [[Unfree labour\|forced labour]] are illegal in most countries, as well as being against [[international law]]. Because slavery still exists, however, with an estimated 27 million people enslaved worldwide, a new international abolitionist movement has recently emerged.		Today, child and adult slavery and [[Unfree labour\|forced labour]] are illegal in most countries, as well as being against [[international law]]. Because slavery still exists, however, with an estimated 27 million people enslaved worldwide, a new international abolitionist movement has recently emerged.

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Abolition of ~~the~~ Feudal System in France 1789]]		* [[Abolition of tbe Feudal System in France 1789]]

	==External links==		==External links==

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	[[File:The results of abolitionism.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|350px\|This cartoon, originally part of American political caricatures accessioned 1899, reflects the legitimate fear based on experiences among Northern [[white]] workers of job competition with free [[blacks]].]]		[[File:The results of abolitionism.png\|thumb\|350px\|This cartoon, originally part of American political caricatures accessioned 1899, reflects the legitimate fear based on experiences among Northern [[white]] workers of job competition with free [[blacks]].]]
	'''Abolitionism''' was a movement in [[western Europe]] and [[the Americas]] to end the [[slave trade]] and emancipate slaves. The noun ''abolition'' (an annulling; abrogation) is generally defined as the action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution (the abolition of capital punishment, the abolition of unfair taxes, and so on).		'''Abolitionism''' was a movement in [[western Europe]] and [[the Americas]] to end the [[slave trade]] and emancipate slaves. The noun ''abolition'' (an annulling; abrogation) is generally defined as the action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution (the abolition of capital punishment, the abolition of unfair taxes, and so on).

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:Slavery]]		[[Category:Slavery]]
	[[Category:Social movements]]		[[Category:Social movements]]
	[[Category:Race relations]]		[[Category:Race relations]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

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← Older revision	Revision as of 13:40, 6 February 2024
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en>Crusader at 20:44, 23 October 2022

2022-10-23T20:44:23Z

New page

[[File:The results of abolitionism.jpg|thumb|350px|This cartoon, originally part of American political caricatures accessioned 1899, reflects the legitimate fear based on experiences among Northern [[white]] workers of job competition with free [[blacks]].]]
'''Abolitionism''' was a movement in [[western Europe]] and [[the Americas]] to end the [[slave trade]] and emancipate slaves. The noun ''abolition'' (an annulling; abrogation) is generally defined as the action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution (the abolition of capital punishment, the abolition of unfair taxes, and so on).

==History==
The slave system aroused little protest until the 18th century, when rationalist thinkers of the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] criticized it for violating the rights of man, and [[Quaker]], [[Amish]] and other evangelical religious groups condemned it as ''un-Christian''. Though anti-slavery sentiments were widespread by the late 18th century, they had little immediate effect on the centers of slavery: the [[West Indies]], South America, and the [[Southern United States]]. [[Pennsylvania]] passed [[An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery]] in 1780. Britain banned the importation of [[African slaves]] in its colonies in 1807, and the United States followed in 1808. The [[British West Indies]] abolished slavery in 1827 and the [[French colonial empire|French colonies]] abolished it 15 years later.

In Britain, [[William Wilberforce]] took on the cause of abolition in 1787 after the formation of the [[Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade]], in which he led the parliamentary campaign to abolish the slave trade in the British Empire with the [[Slave Trade Act 1807]]. He continued to campaign for the abolition of slavery in the British Empire, which he lived to see in the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]].

In eleven [[U.S. state|States]] constituting the [[American South]], slavery was a social and powerful economic institution, integral to the agricultural economy. By the [[1860 United States Census]], the slave population in the United States had grown to four million.<ref>[http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/manassas/social/introsoc.htm Introduction - Social Aspects of the Civil War]</ref>. American abolitionism labored under the handicap that it was accused of threatening the harmony of [[Northern United States|North]] and South in the Union. The abolitionist movement in the North was led by social reformers such as [[William Lloyd Garrison]], founder of the [[American Anti-Slavery Society]]; writers such as [[John Greenleaf Whittier]] and [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]]; former slaves such as [[Frederick Douglass]]; and free blacks such as brothers [[Charles Henry Langston]] and [[John Mercer Langston]], who helped found the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society.<ref>Leon F. Litwack and August Meier, eds., "John Mercer Langston: Principle and Politics", in ''Black Leaders of the Nineteenth Century'', University of Illinois Press, 1991, pp. 106–111</ref>

The [[United States presidential election, 1860|1860 presidential victory]] of [[Abraham Lincoln]], who opposed the spread of slavery to the [[Western United States]], marked a turning point in the movement. Convinced that their way of life was threatened, the Southern states [[Secession|seceded]] from the Union, which led to the [[American Civil War]]. In 1863, Lincoln issued the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], which freed slaves held in the [[Confederate States]]; the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]] (1865) prohibited slavery throughout the country. Slavery was abolished in most of Latin America during the Independence Wars (1810–1822), but slavery remained a practice in the region up to 1888 in [[Brazil]], as well as having long life in the remaining Spanish colonies of [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]]. In some parts of Africa and in much of the [[Islamic world]], it persisted as a legal institution well into the 20th century.
===Amerindians===
Abolitionism was preceded by the "New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220731235339/https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-15-4-c-laws-of-the-indies-spain-and-the-native-peoples-of-the-new-world Laws of the Indies: Spain and the Native Peoples of the New World]</ref> in 1542, in which [[Roman-German Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], who was also the ''King of Spain'', declared freedom for all [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] slaves, abolishing slavery of these races, and declaring them citizens of the Empire with full rights. The move was inspired by writings of the Spanish monk [[Bartolome de las Casas]] and the [[School of Salamanca]]. Spanish settlers replaced the Native American slaves with enslaved laborers brought from [[Africa]], so did not abolish slavery altogether.
===21 century===
Today, child and adult slavery and [[Unfree labour|forced labour]] are illegal in most countries, as well as being against [[international law]]. Because slavery still exists, however, with an estimated 27 million people enslaved worldwide, a new international abolitionist movement has recently emerged.

==See also==
* [[Abolition of the Feudal System in France 1789]]

==External links==
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/abolitionism-European-and-American-social-movement Abolitionism (European and American social movement)], [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Slavery]]
[[Category:Social movements]]
[[Category:Race relations]]