Anton Mussert - Revision history

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	[[File:Anton Adriaan Mussert.png\|thumb\|270px\|Anton Mussert]]		[[File:Anton Adriaan Mussert.png\|thumb\|270px\|Anton Mussert]]
	[[File:Mussert and hitler.png\|thumb\|270px\|Mussert and Hitler in 1941]]		[[File:Mussert and hitler.png\|thumb\|270px\|Mussert and Hitler in 1941]]
	'''Anton Adriaan Mussert''' (11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded ~~tbe~~ [[National Socialist Movement in ~~tbe~~ Netherlands]] (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until ~~tbe~~ party was banned in 1945. He [[collaborated]] with ~~tbe~~ [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande\|German occupation government]], but was granted little actual power and held ~~tbe~~ nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of ~~tbe~~ Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as ~~tbe~~ war came to an end in [[Europe]], Mussert was captured and arrested by [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] forces. He was charged and convicted of [[treason]], and was executed in 1946.		'''Anton Adriaan Mussert''' (11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]] (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until the party was banned in 1945. He [[collaborated]] with the [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande\|German occupation government]], but was granted little actual power and held the nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of the Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as the war came to an end in [[Europe]], Mussert was captured and arrested by [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] forces. He was charged and convicted of [[treason]], and was executed in 1946.

	==Life==		==Life==
	Mussert was born in 1894 in [[Werkendam]], in ~~tbe~~ northern part of ~~tbe~~ province of [[North Brabant]] in ~~tbe~~ [[Netherlands]]. From an early age he showed talent in technical matters and after graduating from school he chose to study civil engineering at ~~tbe~~ Delft University of Technology. In ~~tbe~~ 1920s, he became active in several [[fascist]] organisations, such as ~~tbe~~ ''Dietsche Bond'' which advocated a Greater Netherlands including [[Flanders]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch-speaking]] [[Belgium]]).		Mussert was born in 1894 in [[Werkendam]], in the northern part of the province of [[North Brabant]] in the [[Netherlands]]. From an early age he showed talent in technical matters and after graduating from school he chose to study civil engineering at the Delft University of Technology. In the 1920s, he became active in several [[fascist]] organisations, such as the ''Dietsche Bond'' which advocated a Greater Netherlands including [[Flanders]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch-speaking]] [[Belgium]]).

	===Foundation of ~~tbe~~ Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging===		===Foundation of the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging===
	On 14 December 1931, Mussert, [[Cornelis van Geelkerken]], and ten others founded ~~tbe~~ [[National Socialist Movement in ~~tbe~~ Netherlands]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch]]: ''Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland''), a Dutch counterpart to ~~tbe~~ [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]].		On 14 December 1931, Mussert, [[Cornelis van Geelkerken]], and ten others founded the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch]]: ''Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland''), a Dutch counterpart to the [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]].

	In 1934 ~~tbe~~ NSB rallied 25,000 demonstrators in Amsterdam. The NSB received 300,000 votes in ~~tbe~~ 1935 parliamentary elections, almost 8% of ~~tbe~~ national vote. In ~~tbe~~ 1937 election, it polled a little more than half as much.		In 1934 the NSB rallied 25,000 demonstrators in Amsterdam. The NSB received 300,000 votes in the 1935 parliamentary elections, almost 8% of the national vote. In the 1937 election, it polled a little more than half as much.

	===1940===		===1940===
	On 10 May, German troops invaded ~~tbe~~ Netherlands. Mussert was not appointed prime minister of ~~tbe~~ occupied nation. Instead, Austrian [[Arthur Seyß-Inquart]] was appointed as ~~tbe~~ [[Reichskommissar]], while Berlin summoned Mussert to control his uncooperative countrymen. On 21 June 1940 Mussert agreed to have NSB members train with ~~tbe~~ [[5th SS Panzer Division Wiking\|SS-Standarte 'Westland']]. On 11 September, Mussert instructed [[Henk Feldmeijer]], to organise ~~tbe~~ [[Nederlandsche SS]] (Dutch SS) as a division of ~~tbe~~ NSB. Mussert had nothing to do with ~~tbe~~ raising of an all-Dutch volunteer SS unit, ~~tbe~~ SS-Freiwilligen-Legion Niederlande.		On 10 May, German troops invaded the Netherlands. Mussert was not appointed prime minister of the occupied nation. Instead, Austrian [[Arthur Seyß-Inquart]] was appointed as the [[Reichskommissar]], while Berlin summoned Mussert to control his uncooperative countrymen. On 21 June 1940 Mussert agreed to have NSB members train with the [[5th SS Panzer Division Wiking\|SS-Standarte 'Westland']]. On 11 September, Mussert instructed [[Henk Feldmeijer]], to organise the [[Nederlandsche SS]] (Dutch SS) as a division of the NSB. Mussert had nothing to do with the raising of an all-Dutch volunteer SS unit, the SS-Freiwilligen-Legion Niederlande.

	===1941–1945===		===1941–1945===
	In February 1941, Mussert agreed to and oversaw ~~tbe~~ formation of ~~tbe~~ [[23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland\|23rd SS Volunteer ''Panzer Grenadier'' Division ''Nederland'']], which trained in [[Hamburg]]. In November 1941, ~~tbe~~ formation was ordered to ~~tbe~~ [[Eastern Front (World War II)\|Eastern Front]] near [[Saint Petersburg\|Leningrad]], under ~~tbe~~ overall command of Army Group North.		In February 1941, Mussert agreed to and oversaw the formation of the [[23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland\|23rd SS Volunteer ''Panzer Grenadier'' Division ''Nederland'']], which trained in [[Hamburg]]. In November 1941, the formation was ordered to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)\|Eastern Front]] near [[Saint Petersburg\|Leningrad]], under the overall command of Army Group North.

	On 8 December 1941, ~~tbe~~ independent Dutch administration in ~~tbe~~ [[Dutch East Indies]] declared war on [[Japan]], ~~tbe~~ ally of [[National Socialist Germany]].<ref name=Ibiblio>{{cite web\|title=The Kingdom of ~~tbe~~ Netherlands Declares War with Japan\|date=15 December 1941\|publisher=ibiblio\|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/411208c.html\|access-date=5 October 2009}}</ref> After ~~tbe~~ Japanese invasion and occupation and ~~tbe~~ subsequent internment of 100,000 Dutch civilians and 50,000 military personnel, Mussert requested a meeting with [[Hitler]]. On 13 December 1942, Hitler declared Mussert to be "Leider van het Nederlandse Volk" (Leader of ~~tbe~~ Dutch People).		On 8 December 1941, the independent Dutch administration in the [[Dutch East Indies]] declared war on [[Japan]], the ally of [[National Socialist Germany]].<ref name=Ibiblio>{{cite web\|title=The Kingdom of the Netherlands Declares War with Japan\|date=15 December 1941\|publisher=ibiblio\|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/411208c.html\|access-date=5 October 2009}}</ref> After the Japanese invasion and occupation and the subsequent internment of 100,000 Dutch civilians and 50,000 military personnel, Mussert requested a meeting with [[Hitler]]. On 13 December 1942, Hitler declared Mussert to be "Leider van het Nederlandse Volk" (Leader of the Dutch People).

	==Death==		==Death==
	Upon ~~tbe~~ surrender of Germany, Mussert was arrested at ~~tbe~~ NSB office in The Hague on 7 May 1945. He was convicted of [[high treason]] on 28 November after a two-day trial, and was sentenced to death on 12 December. He appealed to [[Wilhelmina of ~~tbe~~ Netherlands\|Queen Wilhelmina]] for clemency. She refused. On 7 May 1946, exactly one year after his arrest and four days before his 52nd birthday, Mussert was executed by a firing squad on ~~tbe~~ Waalsdorpervlakte.		Upon the surrender of Germany, Mussert was arrested at the NSB office in The Hague on 7 May 1945. He was convicted of [[high treason]] on 28 November after a two-day trial, and was sentenced to death on 12 December. He appealed to [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands\|Queen Wilhelmina]] for clemency. She refused. On 7 May 1946, exactly one year after his arrest and four days before his 52nd birthday, Mussert was executed by a firing squad on the Waalsdorpervlakte.

	==References==		==References==

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	[[File:Anton Adriaan Mussert.png\|thumb\|270px\|Anton Mussert]]		[[File:Anton Adriaan Mussert.png\|thumb\|270px\|Anton Mussert]]
	[[File:Mussert and hitler.png\|thumb\|270px\|Mussert and Hitler in 1941]]		[[File:Mussert and hitler.png\|thumb\|270px\|Mussert and Hitler in 1941]]
	'''Anton Adriaan Mussert''' (11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded ~~the~~ [[National Socialist Movement in ~~the~~ Netherlands]] (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until ~~the~~ party was banned in 1945. He [[collaborated]] with ~~the~~ [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande\|German occupation government]], but was granted little actual power and held ~~the~~ nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of ~~the~~ Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as ~~the~~ war came to an end in [[Europe]], Mussert was captured and arrested by [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] forces. He was charged and convicted of [[treason]], and was executed in 1946.		'''Anton Adriaan Mussert''' (11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded tbe [[National Socialist Movement in tbe Netherlands]] (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until tbe party was banned in 1945. He [[collaborated]] with tbe [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande\|German occupation government]], but was granted little actual power and held tbe nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of tbe Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as tbe war came to an end in [[Europe]], Mussert was captured and arrested by [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] forces. He was charged and convicted of [[treason]], and was executed in 1946.

	==Life==		==Life==
	Mussert was born in 1894 in [[Werkendam]], in ~~the~~ northern part of ~~the~~ province of [[North Brabant]] in ~~the~~ [[Netherlands]]. From an early age he showed talent in technical matters and after graduating from school he chose to study civil engineering at ~~the~~ Delft University of Technology. In ~~the~~ 1920s, he became active in several [[fascist]] organisations, such as ~~the~~ ''Dietsche Bond'' which advocated a Greater Netherlands including [[Flanders]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch-speaking]] [[Belgium]]).		Mussert was born in 1894 in [[Werkendam]], in tbe northern part of tbe province of [[North Brabant]] in tbe [[Netherlands]]. From an early age he showed talent in technical matters and after graduating from school he chose to study civil engineering at tbe Delft University of Technology. In tbe 1920s, he became active in several [[fascist]] organisations, such as tbe ''Dietsche Bond'' which advocated a Greater Netherlands including [[Flanders]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch-speaking]] [[Belgium]]).

	===Foundation of ~~the~~ Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging===		===Foundation of tbe Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging===
	On 14 December 1931, Mussert, [[Cornelis van Geelkerken]], and ten others founded ~~the~~ [[National Socialist Movement in ~~the~~ Netherlands]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch]]: ''Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland''), a Dutch counterpart to ~~the~~ [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]].		On 14 December 1931, Mussert, [[Cornelis van Geelkerken]], and ten others founded tbe [[National Socialist Movement in tbe Netherlands]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch]]: ''Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland''), a Dutch counterpart to tbe [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]].

	In 1934 ~~the~~ NSB rallied 25,000 demonstrators in Amsterdam. The NSB received 300,000 votes in ~~the~~ 1935 parliamentary elections, almost 8% of ~~the~~ national vote. In ~~the~~ 1937 election, it polled a little more than half as much.		In 1934 tbe NSB rallied 25,000 demonstrators in Amsterdam. The NSB received 300,000 votes in tbe 1935 parliamentary elections, almost 8% of tbe national vote. In tbe 1937 election, it polled a little more than half as much.

	===1940===		===1940===
	On 10 May, German troops invaded ~~the~~ Netherlands. Mussert was not appointed prime minister of ~~the~~ occupied nation. Instead, Austrian [[Arthur Seyß-Inquart]] was appointed as ~~the~~ [[Reichskommissar]], while Berlin summoned Mussert to control his uncooperative countrymen. On 21 June 1940 Mussert agreed to have NSB members train with ~~the~~ [[5th SS Panzer Division Wiking\|SS-Standarte 'Westland']]. On 11 September, Mussert instructed [[Henk Feldmeijer]], to organise ~~the~~ [[Nederlandsche SS]] (Dutch SS) as a division of ~~the~~ NSB. Mussert had nothing to do with ~~the~~ raising of an all-Dutch volunteer SS unit, ~~the~~ SS-Freiwilligen-Legion Niederlande.		On 10 May, German troops invaded tbe Netherlands. Mussert was not appointed prime minister of tbe occupied nation. Instead, Austrian [[Arthur Seyß-Inquart]] was appointed as tbe [[Reichskommissar]], while Berlin summoned Mussert to control his uncooperative countrymen. On 21 June 1940 Mussert agreed to have NSB members train with tbe [[5th SS Panzer Division Wiking\|SS-Standarte 'Westland']]. On 11 September, Mussert instructed [[Henk Feldmeijer]], to organise tbe [[Nederlandsche SS]] (Dutch SS) as a division of tbe NSB. Mussert had nothing to do with tbe raising of an all-Dutch volunteer SS unit, tbe SS-Freiwilligen-Legion Niederlande.

	===1941–1945===		===1941–1945===
	In February 1941, Mussert agreed to and oversaw ~~the~~ formation of ~~the~~ [[23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland\|23rd SS Volunteer ''Panzer Grenadier'' Division ''Nederland'']], which trained in [[Hamburg]]. In November 1941, ~~the~~ formation was ordered to ~~the~~ [[Eastern Front (World War II)\|Eastern Front]] near [[Saint Petersburg\|Leningrad]], under ~~the~~ overall command of Army Group North.		In February 1941, Mussert agreed to and oversaw tbe formation of tbe [[23rd SS Volunteer Panzer Grenadier Division Nederland\|23rd SS Volunteer ''Panzer Grenadier'' Division ''Nederland'']], which trained in [[Hamburg]]. In November 1941, tbe formation was ordered to tbe [[Eastern Front (World War II)\|Eastern Front]] near [[Saint Petersburg\|Leningrad]], under tbe overall command of Army Group North.

	On 8 December 1941, ~~the~~ independent Dutch administration in ~~the~~ [[Dutch East Indies]] declared war on [[Japan]], ~~the~~ ally of [[National Socialist Germany]].<ref name=Ibiblio>{{cite web\|title=The Kingdom of ~~the~~ Netherlands Declares War with Japan\|date=15 December 1941\|publisher=ibiblio\|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/411208c.html\|access-date=5 October 2009}}</ref> After ~~the~~ Japanese invasion and occupation and ~~the~~ subsequent internment of 100,000 Dutch civilians and 50,000 military personnel, Mussert requested a meeting with [[Hitler]]. On 13 December 1942, Hitler declared Mussert to be "Leider van het Nederlandse Volk" (Leader of ~~the~~ Dutch People).		On 8 December 1941, tbe independent Dutch administration in tbe [[Dutch East Indies]] declared war on [[Japan]], tbe ally of [[National Socialist Germany]].<ref name=Ibiblio>{{cite web\|title=The Kingdom of tbe Netherlands Declares War with Japan\|date=15 December 1941\|publisher=ibiblio\|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/411208c.html\|access-date=5 October 2009}}</ref> After tbe Japanese invasion and occupation and tbe subsequent internment of 100,000 Dutch civilians and 50,000 military personnel, Mussert requested a meeting with [[Hitler]]. On 13 December 1942, Hitler declared Mussert to be "Leider van het Nederlandse Volk" (Leader of tbe Dutch People).

	==Death==		==Death==
	Upon ~~the~~ surrender of Germany, Mussert was arrested at ~~the~~ NSB office in The Hague on 7 May 1945. He was convicted of [[high treason]] on 28 November after a two-day trial, and was sentenced to death on 12 December. He appealed to [[Wilhelmina of ~~the~~ Netherlands\|Queen Wilhelmina]] for clemency. She refused. On 7 May 1946, exactly one year after his arrest and four days before his 52nd birthday, Mussert was executed by a firing squad on ~~the~~ Waalsdorpervlakte.		Upon tbe surrender of Germany, Mussert was arrested at tbe NSB office in The Hague on 7 May 1945. He was convicted of [[high treason]] on 28 November after a two-day trial, and was sentenced to death on 12 December. He appealed to [[Wilhelmina of tbe Netherlands\|Queen Wilhelmina]] for clemency. She refused. On 7 May 1946, exactly one year after his arrest and four days before his 52nd birthday, Mussert was executed by a firing squad on tbe Waalsdorpervlakte.

	==References==		==References==

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	[[File:Anton Adriaan Mussert.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|270px\|Anton Mussert]]		[[File:Anton Adriaan Mussert.png\|thumb\|270px\|Anton Mussert]]
	[[File:Mussert and hitler.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|270px\|Mussert and Hitler in 1941]]		[[File:Mussert and hitler.png\|thumb\|270px\|Mussert and Hitler in 1941]]
	'''Anton Adriaan Mussert''' (11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]] (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until the party was banned in 1945. He [[collaborated]] with the [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande\|German occupation government]], but was granted little actual power and held the nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of the Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as the war came to an end in [[Europe]], Mussert was captured and arrested by [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] forces. He was charged and convicted of [[treason]], and was executed in 1946.		'''Anton Adriaan Mussert''' (11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]] (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until the party was banned in 1945. He [[collaborated]] with the [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande\|German occupation government]], but was granted little actual power and held the nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of the Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as the war came to an end in [[Europe]], Mussert was captured and arrested by [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] forces. He was charged and convicted of [[treason]], and was executed in 1946.

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	==Life==		==Life==
	Mussert was born in 1894 in [[Werkendam]], in the northern part of the province of [[North Brabant]] in the [[Netherlands]]. From an early age he showed talent in technical matters and after graduating from school he chose to study civil engineering at the Delft University of Technology. In the 1920s, he became active in several [[~~nationalist~~]] organisations, such as the ''Dietsche Bond'' which advocated a Greater Netherlands including [[Flanders]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch-speaking]] [[Belgium]]).		Mussert was born in 1894 in [[Werkendam]], in the northern part of the province of [[North Brabant]] in the [[Netherlands]]. From an early age he showed talent in technical matters and after graduating from school he chose to study civil engineering at the Delft University of Technology. In the 1920s, he became active in several [[fascist]] organisations, such as the ''Dietsche Bond'' which advocated a Greater Netherlands including [[Flanders]] ([[Dutch language\|Dutch-speaking]] [[Belgium]]).

	===Foundation of the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging===		===Foundation of the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging===

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	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:Nationalists]]		[[Category:Nationalists]]

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	[[File:Anton Adriaan Mussert.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|270px\|Anton Mussert]]		[[File:Anton Adriaan Mussert.png\|thumb\|270px\|Anton Mussert]]
	[[File:Mussert and hitler.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|270px\|Mussert and Hitler in 1941]]		[[File:Mussert and hitler.png\|thumb\|270px\|Mussert and Hitler in 1941]]
	'''Anton Adriaan Mussert''' (11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]] (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until the party was banned in 1945. He [[collaborated]] with the [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande\|German occupation government]], but was granted little actual power and held the nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of the Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as the war came to an end in [[Europe]], Mussert was captured and arrested by [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] forces. He was charged and convicted of [[treason]], and was executed in 1946.		'''Anton Adriaan Mussert''' (11 May 1894 – 7 May 1946) was a Dutch politician who co-founded the [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]] (NSB) in 1931 and served as its leader until the party was banned in 1945. He [[collaborated]] with the [[Reichskommissariat Niederlande\|German occupation government]], but was granted little actual power and held the nominal title of ''Leider van het Nederlandsche Volk'' ("Leader of the Dutch People") from 1942 onwards. In May 1945, as the war came to an end in [[Europe]], Mussert was captured and arrested by [[Allies of World War II\|Allied]] forces. He was charged and convicted of [[treason]], and was executed in 1946.