Barthold Georg Niebuhr - Revision history

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	[[File:BartholdNiebuhr.png\|thumb\|250px\|Barthold Georg Niebuhr.]]		[[File:BartholdNiebuhr.png\|thumb\|250px\|Barthold Georg Niebuhr.]]
	'''Barthold Georg Niebuhr''' (27 August 1776 – 31 January 1831) was a Danish-German statesman and historian who started a new era in historical studies by his method of source criticism. An admirer of ~~tbe~~ [[Roman Republic]], he favored agrarianism as ~~tbe~~ basis of a well-balanced state. He regarded [[Prussia]] (where he had various official positions) as a modern parallel of ~~tbe~~ Roman state and advocated Prussian leadership in ~~tbe~~ [[unification of Germany]].		'''Barthold Georg Niebuhr''' (27 August 1776 – 31 January 1831) was a Danish-German statesman and historian who started a new era in historical studies by his method of source criticism. An admirer of the [[Roman Republic]], he favored agrarianism as the basis of a well-balanced state. He regarded [[Prussia]] (where he had various official positions) as a modern parallel of the Roman state and advocated Prussian leadership in the [[unification of Germany]].

	==Life==		==Life==

	Barthold, son of Karsten Niebuhr, was born at [[Copenhagen]] on ~~tbe~~ 27th of August 1776. From ~~tbe~~ earliest age young Niebuhr manifested extraordinary precocity, and from 1794 to 1796, being already a finished classical scholar and acquainted with several modern languages, he studied at ~~tbe~~ university of Kiel. After quitting ~~tbe~~ university he became private secretary to Count Schimmelmann, Danish minister of finance. But in 1798 he gave up this appointment and travelled in [[Great Britain]], spending a year at Edinburgh studying agriculture and physical science. In 1799 he returned to [[Denmark]], where he entered ~~tbe~~ state service; in 1800 he married and settled at Copenhagen. In 1804 he became chief director of ~~tbe~~ National Bank, but in September 1806 quitted this for a similar appointment in [[Prussia]]. He arrived in Prussia on ~~tbe~~ eve of ~~tbe~~ catastrophe of Jena. He accompanied ~~tbe~~ fugitive government to Konigsberg, where he rendered considerable service in ~~tbe~~ commissariat, and was afterwards still more useful as commissioner of ~~tbe~~ national debt and by his opposition to illconsidered schemes of taxation. He was also for a short time Prussian minister in [[Holland]], where he endeavoured without success to contract a loan. The extreme sensitiveness of his temperament, however, disqualified him for politics; he proved impracticable in his relations with Hardenberg and other ministers, and in 18ro retired for a time from public life, accepting ~~tbe~~ more congenial appointment of royal historiographer and professor at ~~tbe~~ university of [[Berlin]].		Barthold, son of Karsten Niebuhr, was born at [[Copenhagen]] on the 27th of August 1776. From the earliest age young Niebuhr manifested extraordinary precocity, and from 1794 to 1796, being already a finished classical scholar and acquainted with several modern languages, he studied at the university of Kiel. After quitting the university he became private secretary to Count Schimmelmann, Danish minister of finance. But in 1798 he gave up this appointment and travelled in [[Great Britain]], spending a year at Edinburgh studying agriculture and physical science. In 1799 he returned to [[Denmark]], where he entered the state service; in 1800 he married and settled at Copenhagen. In 1804 he became chief director of the National Bank, but in September 1806 quitted this for a similar appointment in [[Prussia]]. He arrived in Prussia on the eve of the catastrophe of Jena. He accompanied the fugitive government to Konigsberg, where he rendered considerable service in the commissariat, and was afterwards still more useful as commissioner of the national debt and by his opposition to illconsidered schemes of taxation. He was also for a short time Prussian minister in [[Holland]], where he endeavoured without success to contract a loan. The extreme sensitiveness of his temperament, however, disqualified him for politics; he proved impracticable in his relations with Hardenberg and other ministers, and in 18ro retired for a time from public life, accepting the more congenial appointment of royal historiographer and professor at the university of [[Berlin]].

	He commenced his lectures with a course on ~~tbe~~ history of [[Rome]], which formed ~~tbe~~ basis of his great work Romische Geschichte. The first two volumes, based upon his lectures, were published in 1812, but attracted little attention at ~~tbe~~ time owing to ~~tbe~~ absorbing interest of political events. In 1813 Niebuhr's own attention was diverted from history by ~~tbe~~ uprising of ~~tbe~~ German people against Napoleon; he entered ~~tbe~~ Landwehr and ineffectually sought admission into ~~tbe~~ regular army. He edited for a short time a patriotic journal, ~~tbe~~ Prussian Correspondent, joined ~~tbe~~ headquarters of ~~tbe~~ allied sovereigns, and witnessed ~~tbe~~ battle of Bautzen, and was subsequently employed in some minor negotiations. In 1815 he lost both his father and his wife. He next accepted (1816) ~~tbe~~ post of ambassador at Rome, and on his way thither he discovered in ~~tbe~~ cathedral library of Verona ~~tbe~~ long-lost Institutes of Gaius, afterwards edited by Savigny, to whom he communicated ~~tbe~~ discovery under ~~tbe~~ impression that he had found a portion of Ulpian.		He commenced his lectures with a course on the history of [[Rome]], which formed the basis of his great work Romische Geschichte. The first two volumes, based upon his lectures, were published in 1812, but attracted little attention at the time owing to the absorbing interest of political events. In 1813 Niebuhr's own attention was diverted from history by the uprising of the German people against Napoleon; he entered the Landwehr and ineffectually sought admission into the regular army. He edited for a short time a patriotic journal, the Prussian Correspondent, joined the headquarters of the allied sovereigns, and witnessed the battle of Bautzen, and was subsequently employed in some minor negotiations. In 1815 he lost both his father and his wife. He next accepted (1816) the post of ambassador at Rome, and on his way thither he discovered in the cathedral library of Verona the long-lost Institutes of Gaius, afterwards edited by Savigny, to whom he communicated the discovery under the impression that he had found a portion of Ulpian.

	During his residence in Rome Niebuhr discovered and published fragments of Cicero and Livy, aided Cardinal Mai in his edition of Cicero De Republica, and shared in framing ~~tbe~~ plan of ~~tbe~~ great work on ~~tbe~~ topography of ancient Rome by Christian C. J. von Bunsen and Ernst Platner (1773-1855), to which he contributed several chapters. He also, on a journey home from Italy, deciphered in a palimpsest at St Gall ~~tbe~~ fragments of Flavius Merobaudes, a Roman poet of ~~tbe~~ 5th century. In 1823 he resigned ~~tbe~~ embassy and established himself at Bonn, where ~~tbe~~ remainder of his life was spent, with ~~tbe~~ exception of some visits to Berlin as councillor of state. He here rewrote and republished (1827-1828) ~~tbe~~ first two volumes of his Roman History, and composed a third volume, bringing ~~tbe~~ narrative down to ~~tbe~~ end of ~~tbe~~ [[First Punic War]], which, with ~~tbe~~ help of a fragment written in 1811, was edited after his death (1832) by Johannes Classen (1805-1891). He also assisted in August Bekker's edition of ~~tbe~~ Byzantine historians, and delivered courses of lectures on ancient history, ethnography, geography, and on ~~tbe~~ French Revolution. In February 1830 his house was burned down, but ~~tbe~~ greater part of his books and manuscripts were saved. The revolution of July in ~~tbe~~ same year was a terrible blow to him, and filled him with ~~tbe~~ most dismal anticipations of ~~tbe~~ future of Europe. He died on ~~tbe~~ 2nd of January 1831.		During his residence in Rome Niebuhr discovered and published fragments of Cicero and Livy, aided Cardinal Mai in his edition of Cicero De Republica, and shared in framing the plan of the great work on the topography of ancient Rome by Christian C. J. von Bunsen and Ernst Platner (1773-1855), to which he contributed several chapters. He also, on a journey home from Italy, deciphered in a palimpsest at St Gall the fragments of Flavius Merobaudes, a Roman poet of the 5th century. In 1823 he resigned the embassy and established himself at Bonn, where the remainder of his life was spent, with the exception of some visits to Berlin as councillor of state. He here rewrote and republished (1827-1828) the first two volumes of his Roman History, and composed a third volume, bringing the narrative down to the end of the [[First Punic War]], which, with the help of a fragment written in 1811, was edited after his death (1832) by Johannes Classen (1805-1891). He also assisted in August Bekker's edition of the Byzantine historians, and delivered courses of lectures on ancient history, ethnography, geography, and on the French Revolution. In February 1830 his house was burned down, but the greater part of his books and manuscripts were saved. The revolution of July in the same year was a terrible blow to him, and filled him with the most dismal anticipations of the future of Europe. He died on the 2nd of January 1831.

	Niebuhr's Roman History counts among epoch-making histories both as marking an era in ~~tbe~~ study of its special subject and for its momentous influence on ~~tbe~~ general conception of history. "The main results," says Leonhard Schmitz, "arrived at by ~~tbe~~ inquiries of Niebuhr, such as his views of ~~tbe~~ ancient population of Rome, ~~tbe~~ origin of ~~tbe~~ plebs, ~~tbe~~ relation between ~~tbe~~ patricians and plebeians, ~~tbe~~ real nature of ~~tbe~~ ager publicus, and many other points of interest, have been acknowledged by all his successors." Other alleged discoveries, such as' ~~tbe~~ construction of early Roman history out of still earlier ballads, have not been equally fortunate; but if every positive conclusion of Niebuhr's had been refuted, his claim to be considered ~~tbe~~ first who dealt with ~~tbe~~ ancient history of Rome in a scientific spirit would remain unimpaired, and ~~tbe~~ new principles introduced by him into historical research would lose nothing of their importance.		Niebuhr's Roman History counts among epoch-making histories both as marking an era in the study of its special subject and for its momentous influence on the general conception of history. "The main results," says Leonhard Schmitz, "arrived at by the inquiries of Niebuhr, such as his views of the ancient population of Rome, the origin of the plebs, the relation between the patricians and plebeians, the real nature of the ager publicus, and many other points of interest, have been acknowledged by all his successors." Other alleged discoveries, such as' the construction of early Roman history out of still earlier ballads, have not been equally fortunate; but if every positive conclusion of Niebuhr's had been refuted, his claim to be considered the first who dealt with the ancient history of Rome in a scientific spirit would remain unimpaired, and the new principles introduced by him into historical research would lose nothing of their importance.

	He suggested, though he did not elaborate, ~~tbe~~ theory of ~~tbe~~ myth, so potent an instrument for good and ill in modern historical criticism. He brought in inference to supply ~~tbe~~ place of discredited tradition, and showed ~~tbe~~ possibility of writing history in ~~tbe~~ absence of original records. By his theory of ~~tbe~~ disputes between ~~tbe~~ patricians and plebeians arising from original differences of race he drew attention to ~~tbe~~ immense importance of ethnological distinctions, and contributed to ~~tbe~~ revival of these divergences as factors in modern history. More than all, perhaps, since his conception of ancient Roman story made laws and manners of more account than shadowy lawgivers, he undesignedly influenced history by popularizing that conception of it which lays stress on institutions, tendencies and social traits to ~~tbe~~ neglect of individuals.		He suggested, though he did not elaborate, the theory of the myth, so potent an instrument for good and ill in modern historical criticism. He brought in inference to supply the place of discredited tradition, and showed the possibility of writing history in the absence of original records. By his theory of the disputes between the patricians and plebeians arising from original differences of race he drew attention to the immense importance of ethnological distinctions, and contributed to the revival of these divergences as factors in modern history. More than all, perhaps, since his conception of ancient Roman story made laws and manners of more account than shadowy lawgivers, he undesignedly influenced history by popularizing that conception of it which lays stress on institutions, tendencies and social traits to the neglect of individuals.

	Niebuhr's personal character was in most respects exceedingly attractive. His heart was kind and his affections were strong; he was magnanimous and disinterested, simple and honest. He had a kindling sympathy with everything lofty and generous, and framed his own conduct upon ~~tbe~~ highest principles. His chief defect was an over-sensitiveness, leading to peevish and unreasonable behaviour in his private and official relations, to hasty and unbalanced judgments of persons and things that had given him annoyance, and to a despondency and discouragement which frustrated ~~tbe~~ great good he might have effected as a philosophic critic of public affairs.		Niebuhr's personal character was in most respects exceedingly attractive. His heart was kind and his affections were strong; he was magnanimous and disinterested, simple and honest. He had a kindling sympathy with everything lofty and generous, and framed his own conduct upon the highest principles. His chief defect was an over-sensitiveness, leading to peevish and unreasonable behaviour in his private and official relations, to hasty and unbalanced judgments of persons and things that had given him annoyance, and to a despondency and discouragement which frustrated the great good he might have effected as a philosophic critic of public affairs.

	==External links==		==External links==

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	[[File:BartholdNiebuhr.png\|thumb\|250px\|Barthold Georg Niebuhr.]]		[[File:BartholdNiebuhr.png\|thumb\|250px\|Barthold Georg Niebuhr.]]
	'''Barthold Georg Niebuhr''' (27 August 1776 – 31 January 1831) was a Danish-German statesman and historian who started a new era in historical studies by his method of source criticism. An admirer of ~~the~~ [[Roman Republic]], he favored agrarianism as ~~the~~ basis of a well-balanced state. He regarded [[Prussia]] (where he had various official positions) as a modern parallel of ~~the~~ Roman state and advocated Prussian leadership in ~~the~~ [[unification of Germany]].		'''Barthold Georg Niebuhr''' (27 August 1776 – 31 January 1831) was a Danish-German statesman and historian who started a new era in historical studies by his method of source criticism. An admirer of tbe [[Roman Republic]], he favored agrarianism as tbe basis of a well-balanced state. He regarded [[Prussia]] (where he had various official positions) as a modern parallel of tbe Roman state and advocated Prussian leadership in tbe [[unification of Germany]].

	==Life==		==Life==

	Barthold, son of Karsten Niebuhr, was born at [[Copenhagen]] on ~~the~~ 27th of August 1776. From ~~the~~ earliest age young Niebuhr manifested extraordinary precocity, and from 1794 to 1796, being already a finished classical scholar and acquainted with several modern languages, he studied at ~~the~~ university of Kiel. After quitting ~~the~~ university he became private secretary to Count Schimmelmann, Danish minister of finance. But in 1798 he gave up this appointment and travelled in [[Great Britain]], spending a year at Edinburgh studying agriculture and physical science. In 1799 he returned to [[Denmark]], where he entered ~~the~~ state service; in 1800 he married and settled at Copenhagen. In 1804 he became chief director of ~~the~~ National Bank, but in September 1806 quitted this for a similar appointment in [[Prussia]]. He arrived in Prussia on ~~the~~ eve of ~~the~~ catastrophe of Jena. He accompanied ~~the~~ fugitive government to Konigsberg, where he rendered considerable service in ~~the~~ commissariat, and was afterwards still more useful as commissioner of ~~the~~ national debt and by his opposition to illconsidered schemes of taxation. He was also for a short time Prussian minister in [[Holland]], where he endeavoured without success to contract a loan. The extreme sensitiveness of his temperament, however, disqualified him for politics; he proved impracticable in his relations with Hardenberg and other ministers, and in 18ro retired for a time from public life, accepting ~~the~~ more congenial appointment of royal historiographer and professor at ~~the~~ university of [[Berlin]].		Barthold, son of Karsten Niebuhr, was born at [[Copenhagen]] on tbe 27th of August 1776. From tbe earliest age young Niebuhr manifested extraordinary precocity, and from 1794 to 1796, being already a finished classical scholar and acquainted with several modern languages, he studied at tbe university of Kiel. After quitting tbe university he became private secretary to Count Schimmelmann, Danish minister of finance. But in 1798 he gave up this appointment and travelled in [[Great Britain]], spending a year at Edinburgh studying agriculture and physical science. In 1799 he returned to [[Denmark]], where he entered tbe state service; in 1800 he married and settled at Copenhagen. In 1804 he became chief director of tbe National Bank, but in September 1806 quitted this for a similar appointment in [[Prussia]]. He arrived in Prussia on tbe eve of tbe catastrophe of Jena. He accompanied tbe fugitive government to Konigsberg, where he rendered considerable service in tbe commissariat, and was afterwards still more useful as commissioner of tbe national debt and by his opposition to illconsidered schemes of taxation. He was also for a short time Prussian minister in [[Holland]], where he endeavoured without success to contract a loan. The extreme sensitiveness of his temperament, however, disqualified him for politics; he proved impracticable in his relations with Hardenberg and other ministers, and in 18ro retired for a time from public life, accepting tbe more congenial appointment of royal historiographer and professor at tbe university of [[Berlin]].

	He commenced his lectures with a course on ~~the~~ history of [[Rome]], which formed ~~the~~ basis of his great work Romische Geschichte. The first two volumes, based upon his lectures, were published in 1812, but attracted little attention at ~~the~~ time owing to ~~the~~ absorbing interest of political events. In 1813 Niebuhr's own attention was diverted from history by ~~the~~ uprising of ~~the~~ German people against Napoleon; he entered ~~the~~ Landwehr and ineffectually sought admission into ~~the~~ regular army. He edited for a short time a patriotic journal, ~~the~~ Prussian Correspondent, joined ~~the~~ headquarters of ~~the~~ allied sovereigns, and witnessed ~~the~~ battle of Bautzen, and was subsequently employed in some minor negotiations. In 1815 he lost both his father and his wife. He next accepted (1816) ~~the~~ post of ambassador at Rome, and on his way thither he discovered in ~~the~~ cathedral library of Verona ~~the~~ long-lost Institutes of Gaius, afterwards edited by Savigny, to whom he communicated ~~the~~ discovery under ~~the~~ impression that he had found a portion of Ulpian.		He commenced his lectures with a course on tbe history of [[Rome]], which formed tbe basis of his great work Romische Geschichte. The first two volumes, based upon his lectures, were published in 1812, but attracted little attention at tbe time owing to tbe absorbing interest of political events. In 1813 Niebuhr's own attention was diverted from history by tbe uprising of tbe German people against Napoleon; he entered tbe Landwehr and ineffectually sought admission into tbe regular army. He edited for a short time a patriotic journal, tbe Prussian Correspondent, joined tbe headquarters of tbe allied sovereigns, and witnessed tbe battle of Bautzen, and was subsequently employed in some minor negotiations. In 1815 he lost both his father and his wife. He next accepted (1816) tbe post of ambassador at Rome, and on his way thither he discovered in tbe cathedral library of Verona tbe long-lost Institutes of Gaius, afterwards edited by Savigny, to whom he communicated tbe discovery under tbe impression that he had found a portion of Ulpian.

	During his residence in Rome Niebuhr discovered and published fragments of Cicero and Livy, aided Cardinal Mai in his edition of Cicero De Republica, and shared in framing ~~the~~ plan of ~~the~~ great work on ~~the~~ topography of ancient Rome by Christian C. J. von Bunsen and Ernst Platner (1773-1855), to which he contributed several chapters. He also, on a journey home from Italy, deciphered in a palimpsest at St Gall ~~the~~ fragments of Flavius Merobaudes, a Roman poet of ~~the~~ 5th century. In 1823 he resigned ~~the~~ embassy and established himself at Bonn, where ~~the~~ remainder of his life was spent, with ~~the~~ exception of some visits to Berlin as councillor of state. He here rewrote and republished (1827-1828) ~~the~~ first two volumes of his Roman History, and composed a third volume, bringing ~~the~~ narrative down to ~~the~~ end of ~~the~~ [[First Punic War]], which, with ~~the~~ help of a fragment written in 1811, was edited after his death (1832) by Johannes Classen (1805-1891). He also assisted in August Bekker's edition of ~~the~~ Byzantine historians, and delivered courses of lectures on ancient history, ethnography, geography, and on ~~the~~ French Revolution. In February 1830 his house was burned down, but ~~the~~ greater part of his books and manuscripts were saved. The revolution of July in ~~the~~ same year was a terrible blow to him, and filled him with ~~the~~ most dismal anticipations of ~~the~~ future of Europe. He died on ~~the~~ 2nd of January 1831.		During his residence in Rome Niebuhr discovered and published fragments of Cicero and Livy, aided Cardinal Mai in his edition of Cicero De Republica, and shared in framing tbe plan of tbe great work on tbe topography of ancient Rome by Christian C. J. von Bunsen and Ernst Platner (1773-1855), to which he contributed several chapters. He also, on a journey home from Italy, deciphered in a palimpsest at St Gall tbe fragments of Flavius Merobaudes, a Roman poet of tbe 5th century. In 1823 he resigned tbe embassy and established himself at Bonn, where tbe remainder of his life was spent, with tbe exception of some visits to Berlin as councillor of state. He here rewrote and republished (1827-1828) tbe first two volumes of his Roman History, and composed a third volume, bringing tbe narrative down to tbe end of tbe [[First Punic War]], which, with tbe help of a fragment written in 1811, was edited after his death (1832) by Johannes Classen (1805-1891). He also assisted in August Bekker's edition of tbe Byzantine historians, and delivered courses of lectures on ancient history, ethnography, geography, and on tbe French Revolution. In February 1830 his house was burned down, but tbe greater part of his books and manuscripts were saved. The revolution of July in tbe same year was a terrible blow to him, and filled him with tbe most dismal anticipations of tbe future of Europe. He died on tbe 2nd of January 1831.

	Niebuhr's Roman History counts among epoch-making histories both as marking an era in ~~the~~ study of its special subject and for its momentous influence on ~~the~~ general conception of history. "The main results," says Leonhard Schmitz, "arrived at by ~~the~~ inquiries of Niebuhr, such as his views of ~~the~~ ancient population of Rome, ~~the~~ origin of ~~the~~ plebs, ~~the~~ relation between ~~the~~ patricians and plebeians, ~~the~~ real nature of ~~the~~ ager publicus, and many other points of interest, have been acknowledged by all his successors." Other alleged discoveries, such as' ~~the~~ construction of early Roman history out of still earlier ballads, have not been equally fortunate; but if every positive conclusion of Niebuhr's had been refuted, his claim to be considered ~~the~~ first who dealt with ~~the~~ ancient history of Rome in a scientific spirit would remain unimpaired, and ~~the~~ new principles introduced by him into historical research would lose nothing of their importance.		Niebuhr's Roman History counts among epoch-making histories both as marking an era in tbe study of its special subject and for its momentous influence on tbe general conception of history. "The main results," says Leonhard Schmitz, "arrived at by tbe inquiries of Niebuhr, such as his views of tbe ancient population of Rome, tbe origin of tbe plebs, tbe relation between tbe patricians and plebeians, tbe real nature of tbe ager publicus, and many other points of interest, have been acknowledged by all his successors." Other alleged discoveries, such as' tbe construction of early Roman history out of still earlier ballads, have not been equally fortunate; but if every positive conclusion of Niebuhr's had been refuted, his claim to be considered tbe first who dealt with tbe ancient history of Rome in a scientific spirit would remain unimpaired, and tbe new principles introduced by him into historical research would lose nothing of their importance.

	He suggested, though he did not elaborate, ~~the~~ theory of ~~the~~ myth, so potent an instrument for good and ill in modern historical criticism. He brought in inference to supply ~~the~~ place of discredited tradition, and showed ~~the~~ possibility of writing history in ~~the~~ absence of original records. By his theory of ~~the~~ disputes between ~~the~~ patricians and plebeians arising from original differences of race he drew attention to ~~the~~ immense importance of ethnological distinctions, and contributed to ~~the~~ revival of these divergences as factors in modern history. More than all, perhaps, since his conception of ancient Roman story made laws and manners of more account than shadowy lawgivers, he undesignedly influenced history by popularizing that conception of it which lays stress on institutions, tendencies and social traits to ~~the~~ neglect of individuals.		He suggested, though he did not elaborate, tbe theory of tbe myth, so potent an instrument for good and ill in modern historical criticism. He brought in inference to supply tbe place of discredited tradition, and showed tbe possibility of writing history in tbe absence of original records. By his theory of tbe disputes between tbe patricians and plebeians arising from original differences of race he drew attention to tbe immense importance of ethnological distinctions, and contributed to tbe revival of these divergences as factors in modern history. More than all, perhaps, since his conception of ancient Roman story made laws and manners of more account than shadowy lawgivers, he undesignedly influenced history by popularizing that conception of it which lays stress on institutions, tendencies and social traits to tbe neglect of individuals.

	Niebuhr's personal character was in most respects exceedingly attractive. His heart was kind and his affections were strong; he was magnanimous and disinterested, simple and honest. He had a kindling sympathy with everything lofty and generous, and framed his own conduct upon ~~the~~ highest principles. His chief defect was an over-sensitiveness, leading to peevish and unreasonable behaviour in his private and official relations, to hasty and unbalanced judgments of persons and things that had given him annoyance, and to a despondency and discouragement which frustrated ~~the~~ great good he might have effected as a philosophic critic of public affairs.		Niebuhr's personal character was in most respects exceedingly attractive. His heart was kind and his affections were strong; he was magnanimous and disinterested, simple and honest. He had a kindling sympathy with everything lofty and generous, and framed his own conduct upon tbe highest principles. His chief defect was an over-sensitiveness, leading to peevish and unreasonable behaviour in his private and official relations, to hasty and unbalanced judgments of persons and things that had given him annoyance, and to a despondency and discouragement which frustrated tbe great good he might have effected as a philosophic critic of public affairs.

	==External links==		==External links==

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	[[File:BartholdNiebuhr.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|250px\|Barthold Georg Niebuhr.]]		[[File:BartholdNiebuhr.png\|thumb\|250px\|Barthold Georg Niebuhr.]]
	'''Barthold Georg Niebuhr''' (27 August 1776 – 31 January 1831) was a Danish-German statesman and historian who started a new era in historical studies by his method of source criticism. An admirer of the [[Roman Republic]], he favored agrarianism as the basis of a well-balanced state. He regarded [[Prussia]] (where he had various official positions) as a modern parallel of the Roman state and advocated Prussian leadership in the [[unification of Germany]].		'''Barthold Georg Niebuhr''' (27 August 1776 – 31 January 1831) was a Danish-German statesman and historian who started a new era in historical studies by his method of source criticism. An admirer of the [[Roman Republic]], he favored agrarianism as the basis of a well-balanced state. He regarded [[Prussia]] (where he had various official positions) as a modern parallel of the Roman state and advocated Prussian leadership in the [[unification of Germany]].

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	[[Category:Historians]]		[[Category:Historians]]
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	[[Category:Danish]]		[[Category:Danish]]
	[[Category:Professors]]		[[Category:Professors]]
	{{1911 Encyclopedia}}		{{1911 Encyclopedia}}
	[[de:Niebuhr, Barthold Georg]]		[[de:Niebuhr, Barthold Georg]]

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	*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-european-biographies/barthold-georg-niebuhr Encyclopedia.com: Barthold Georg Niebuhr]		*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-european-biographies/barthold-georg-niebuhr Encyclopedia.com: Barthold Georg Niebuhr]

	~~[[Categoryxxx]]~~
	~~[[Categoryxxx]]~~
	[[Category:Historians]]		[[Category:Historians]]
	[[Category:Germans]]		[[Category:Germans]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:([0-9]*) deaths" to "Categoryxxx"

2024-02-06T10:49:05Z

Text replacement - "Category:([0-9]*) deaths" to "Categoryxxx"

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:49, 6 February 2024
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	[[Categoryxxx]]		[[Categoryxxx]]
	[[~~Category:1831 deaths~~]]		[[Categoryxxx]]
	[[Category:Historians]]		[[Category:Historians]]
	[[Category:Germans]]		[[Category:Germans]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:([0-9]*) births" to "Categoryxxx"

2024-02-06T10:32:55Z

Text replacement - "Category:([0-9]*) births" to "Categoryxxx"

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:32, 6 February 2024
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	*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-european-biographies/barthold-georg-niebuhr Encyclopedia.com: Barthold Georg Niebuhr]		*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/historians-european-biographies/barthold-georg-niebuhr Encyclopedia.com: Barthold Georg Niebuhr]

	[[~~Category:1776 births~~]]		[[Categoryxxx]]
	[[Category:1831 deaths]]		[[Category:1831 deaths]]
	[[Category:Historians]]		[[Category:Historians]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-05T21:33:54Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:33, 5 February 2024
(No difference)