Book burning/censorship and National Socialist Germany - Revision history

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	[[Category:Censorship]]		[[Category:Censorship]]

	~~[[de:Aktion wider den undeutschen Geist]]~~

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	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
	<gallery widths="250" heights="200" perrow="4">		<gallery widths="250" heights="200" perrow="4">
	File:Berlin, Opernplatz, Bücherverbrennung.~~jpg~~\|Opernplatz, [[Berlin]] book burnings		File:Berlin, Opernplatz, Bücherverbrennung.png\|Opernplatz, [[Berlin]] book burnings
	File:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft - Bibliothek 1933.~~jpg~~\|German students and [[SA]] members plunder the library of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], Director of the Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin		File:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft - Bibliothek 1933.png\|German students and [[SA]] members plunder the library of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], Director of the Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin
	File:NatSoc students with burning torches and a bust of the jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933.~~jpg~~\|German students with burning torches and a bust of the jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933		File:NatSoc students with burning torches and a bust of the jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933.png\|German students with burning torches and a bust of the jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933
	</gallery>		</gallery>

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	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	~~[[Category:National Socialist Germany]]~~
	[[Category:Censorship]]		[[Category:Censorship]]

	[[de:Aktion wider den undeutschen Geist]]		[[de:Aktion wider den undeutschen Geist]]

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:National Socialist Germany]]		[[Category:National Socialist Germany]]

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__NOTOC__
{{template:National Socialist Germany revisionism}}
'''Book burning and censorship''' in '''National Socialist Germany''' are frequently criticized, often by accompanied by dramatic photographs of book burning. [[Revisionists]] argue that there are various less politically correct aspects, including the postwar Allied book [[censorship]] and destruction of books (described as "the greatest campaign of book destruction of all time") as well as current German book censorship and book burning/destruction.

== Book burning and censorship in National Socialist Germany ==
"After [[Adolf Hitler]], as chairman of the strongest political party, had taken charge of forming the new German government, the German students - acting with reference to the burning of papist literature by [[Martin Luther]], and to the Wartburg Festival, where revolutionary students had thrown symbols of reactionary politics (including publications) onto pyres - publicly burned books of "un-German spirit". These acts were intended to be demonstrations, and had nothing to do with book banning."<ref name=bb>The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html</ref>

"Bans were first assigned in un-coordinated manner by various governmental and non-governmental offices, until the Ministry of Public Education and Propaganda, under the leadership of [[Joseph Goebbels]], issued the only legally binding book bans via the Reich Chamber of Publications. Those black-lists of the Reich Chamber of Publications also included titles that had been on the police lists of obscene and offensive material during the [[Weimar Republic]], but these decreased steadily in number. Instead, the literature produced by emigrants ("traitors to the people"), [[Marxist]], [[Soviet]] authors, and others were included. [...] by the end of 1938 the Reich Chamber of Publications' list of banned books encompassed a total of 4,175 individual titles and 565 comprehensive bans, i.e. bans of all the writings of 565 authors. This number skyrocketed in 1941 when the war against the Soviet Union began and 337 additional comprehensive bans were issued against authors that were in some way positively connected with the Soviet Union."<ref name=bb/>

Among the authors whose books was burned and banned were:

:[[Sigmund Freud]], [[Wilhelm Reich]], [[Stefan Zweig]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Rosa Luxemburg]], [[Walther Rathenau]], [[Max Hodann]], [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], [[Heinrich Mann]], [[Erich Kästner]], [[Leon Trotsky]], [[György Lukács]], [[Franz Boas]], [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], [[Arnold Zweig]], and [[Karl Liebknecht]].

As noted below, revisionists have argued that the National Socialist regime did not destroy the books it banned, but instead collected and deposited such books in libraries with archival function.

== Book censorship by the Allies in postwar Germany ==
"The German Administration for Public Education in the Soviet Occupation Zone cooperated with the Office for the Review of Publications to release, via the Deutsche Bücherei in Leipzig, lists of literature to be proscribed, which also found official use in the western occupation zones. The first such list from 1946 was followed by three supplements, totaling 34,645 book titles [VHO counts altogether 32826 books, cf. Books letter Z, and together with Journals 35743, cf. Journals letter Z]. Beyond that, a comprehensive ban without individual title listing was applied to all school textbooks from 1933 to 1945."<ref name=bb/>

Banned books included not just books by the [[NSDAP]], but also, for example, books by prominent Germans who had died long before the NSDAP was created, books that had been banned in National Socialist Germany, and books that do not seem to have any kind of association with the NSDAP.<ref name=bb/>

== Book destruction by the Allies in postwar Germany ==
"It is common practice at public events and in publications to make emphatic reference to the book- banning during National Socialist times, without, however, making any mention of the book destruction engaged in by the victorious powers after Germany had lost the Second World War - a destruction that was more rigorous and extensive in every respect."<ref name=bb/>

"Whereas during National Socialist times banned books were collected and deposited in libraries with archival function, the Allied Control Council decreed that all publications and materials mentioned in the order were to be "released to the Commanders of each Zone, to be destroyed." And indeed, all books containing "National Socialist propaganda, racial teachings and calls to violence, or propaganda directed against the United Nations" were removed from the "former government and city libraries", from the "universities, the establishments of higher and middle education, from all research institutes and academies, from all technical or academic societies", and even from the elementary schools, from all bookstores and publishing houses - and then destroyed. This was no doubt the greatest campaign of book destruction of all time."<ref name=bb/>

== Later book censorship and book destruction/burning in Germany ==
Germany continues to ban books, including, but not limited to, books on [[revisionist]] topics. At least some of the banned books have been stated to be burned.<ref>Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless... http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB</ref>

See also [[Anti-Holocaust_revisionism#Censorship.2C_persecution.2C_and_prohibition_of_Holocaust_revisionism|Anti-Holocaust revisionism: Censorship, persecution, and prohibition of Holocaust revisionism]].

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="250" heights="200" perrow="4">
File:Berlin, Opernplatz, Bücherverbrennung.jpg|Opernplatz, [[Berlin]] book burnings
File:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft - Bibliothek 1933.jpg|German students and [[SA]] members plunder the library of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], Director of the Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin
File:NatSoc students with burning torches and a bust of the jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933.jpg|German students with burning torches and a bust of the jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Writers' War Board]] - An influential WWII American quasi-governmental propaganda organization, involved in the staging of thousands of propaganda commemorations of book burnings in National Socialist Germany.
*[[Frankfurt School]]

==External links==
*[https://codoh.com/library/document/national-socialist-book-burning/en/ National-Socialist Book Burning]
*[http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History]
*[http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless...]
*[https://www.dailyveracity.com/2022/12/20/why-they-dont-want-you-to-know-what-types-of-books-the-nazis-burned/ Why They Don’t Want You To Know What Types of Books the Nazis Burned]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIKJ8Tc0fvE Book Burning in Berlin - 1933] - YouTube

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:National Socialist Germany]]
[[Category:Censorship]]

[[de:Aktion wider den undeutschen Geist]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:25, 28 April 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	{{template:National Socialist Germany revisionism}}		{{template:National Socialist Germany revisionism}}
	'''Book burning and censorship''' in '''National Socialist Germany''' are frequently criticized, often by accompanied by dramatic photographs of book burning. [[Revisionists]] argue that there are various less politically correct aspects, including ~~tbe~~ postwar Allied book [[censorship]] and destruction of books (described as "the greatest campaign of book destruction of all time") as well as current German book censorship and book burning/destruction.		'''Book burning and censorship''' in '''National Socialist Germany''' are frequently criticized, often by accompanied by dramatic photographs of book burning. [[Revisionists]] argue that there are various less politically correct aspects, including the postwar Allied book [[censorship]] and destruction of books (described as "the greatest campaign of book destruction of all time") as well as current German book censorship and book burning/destruction.

	== Book burning and censorship in National Socialist Germany ==		== Book burning and censorship in National Socialist Germany ==
	"After [[Adolf Hitler]], as chairman of ~~tbe~~ strongest political party, had taken charge of forming ~~tbe~~ new German government, ~~tbe~~ German students - acting with reference to ~~tbe~~ burning of papist literature by [[Martin Luther]], and to ~~tbe~~ Wartburg Festival, where revolutionary students had thrown symbols of reactionary politics (including publications) onto pyres - publicly burned books of "un-German spirit". These acts were intended to be demonstrations, and had nothing to do with book banning."<ref name=bb>The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html</ref>		"After [[Adolf Hitler]], as chairman of the strongest political party, had taken charge of forming the new German government, the German students - acting with reference to the burning of papist literature by [[Martin Luther]], and to the Wartburg Festival, where revolutionary students had thrown symbols of reactionary politics (including publications) onto pyres - publicly burned books of "un-German spirit". These acts were intended to be demonstrations, and had nothing to do with book banning."<ref name=bb>The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html</ref>

	"Bans were first assigned in un-coordinated manner by various governmental and non-governmental offices, until ~~tbe~~ Ministry of Public Education and Propaganda, under ~~tbe~~ leadership of [[Joseph Goebbels]], issued ~~tbe~~ only legally binding book bans via ~~tbe~~ Reich Chamber of Publications. Those black-lists of ~~tbe~~ Reich Chamber of Publications also included titles that had been on ~~tbe~~ police lists of obscene and offensive material during ~~tbe~~ [[Weimar Republic]], but these decreased steadily in number. Instead, ~~tbe~~ literature produced by emigrants ("traitors to ~~tbe~~ people"), [[Marxist]], [[Soviet]] authors, and others were included. [...] by ~~tbe~~ end of 1938 ~~tbe~~ Reich Chamber of Publications' list of banned books encompassed a total of 4,175 individual titles and 565 comprehensive bans, i.e. bans of all ~~tbe~~ writings of 565 authors. This number skyrocketed in 1941 when ~~tbe~~ war against ~~tbe~~ Soviet Union began and 337 additional comprehensive bans were issued against authors that were in some way positively connected with ~~tbe~~ Soviet Union."<ref name=bb/>		"Bans were first assigned in un-coordinated manner by various governmental and non-governmental offices, until the Ministry of Public Education and Propaganda, under the leadership of [[Joseph Goebbels]], issued the only legally binding book bans via the Reich Chamber of Publications. Those black-lists of the Reich Chamber of Publications also included titles that had been on the police lists of obscene and offensive material during the [[Weimar Republic]], but these decreased steadily in number. Instead, the literature produced by emigrants ("traitors to the people"), [[Marxist]], [[Soviet]] authors, and others were included. [...] by the end of 1938 the Reich Chamber of Publications' list of banned books encompassed a total of 4,175 individual titles and 565 comprehensive bans, i.e. bans of all the writings of 565 authors. This number skyrocketed in 1941 when the war against the Soviet Union began and 337 additional comprehensive bans were issued against authors that were in some way positively connected with the Soviet Union."<ref name=bb/>

	Among ~~tbe~~ authors whose books was burned and banned were:		Among the authors whose books was burned and banned were:

	:[[Sigmund Freud]], [[Wilhelm Reich]], [[Stefan Zweig]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Rosa Luxemburg]], [[Walther Rathenau]], [[Max Hodann]], [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], [[Heinrich Mann]], [[Erich Kästner]], [[Leon Trotsky]], [[György Lukács]], [[Franz Boas]], [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], [[Arnold Zweig]], and [[Karl Liebknecht]].		:[[Sigmund Freud]], [[Wilhelm Reich]], [[Stefan Zweig]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Rosa Luxemburg]], [[Walther Rathenau]], [[Max Hodann]], [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], [[Heinrich Mann]], [[Erich Kästner]], [[Leon Trotsky]], [[György Lukács]], [[Franz Boas]], [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], [[Arnold Zweig]], and [[Karl Liebknecht]].

	As noted below, revisionists have argued that ~~tbe~~ National Socialist regime did not destroy ~~tbe~~ books it banned, but instead collected and deposited such books in libraries with archival function.		As noted below, revisionists have argued that the National Socialist regime did not destroy the books it banned, but instead collected and deposited such books in libraries with archival function.

	== Book censorship by ~~tbe~~ Allies in postwar Germany ==		== Book censorship by the Allies in postwar Germany ==
	"The German Administration for Public Education in ~~tbe~~ Soviet Occupation Zone cooperated with ~~tbe~~ Office for ~~tbe~~ Review of Publications to release, via ~~tbe~~ Deutsche Bücherei in Leipzig, lists of literature to be proscribed, which also found official use in ~~tbe~~ western occupation zones. The first such list from 1946 was followed by three supplements, totaling 34,645 book titles [VHO counts altogether 32826 books, cf. Books letter Z, and together with Journals 35743, cf. Journals letter Z]. Beyond that, a comprehensive ban without individual title listing was applied to all school textbooks from 1933 to 1945."<ref name=bb/>		"The German Administration for Public Education in the Soviet Occupation Zone cooperated with the Office for the Review of Publications to release, via the Deutsche Bücherei in Leipzig, lists of literature to be proscribed, which also found official use in the western occupation zones. The first such list from 1946 was followed by three supplements, totaling 34,645 book titles [VHO counts altogether 32826 books, cf. Books letter Z, and together with Journals 35743, cf. Journals letter Z]. Beyond that, a comprehensive ban without individual title listing was applied to all school textbooks from 1933 to 1945."<ref name=bb/>

	Banned books included not just books by ~~tbe~~ [[NSDAP]], but also, for example, books by prominent Germans who had died long before ~~tbe~~ NSDAP was created, books that had been banned in National Socialist Germany, and books that do not seem to have any kind of association with ~~tbe~~ NSDAP.<ref name=bb/>		Banned books included not just books by the [[NSDAP]], but also, for example, books by prominent Germans who had died long before the NSDAP was created, books that had been banned in National Socialist Germany, and books that do not seem to have any kind of association with the NSDAP.<ref name=bb/>

	== Book destruction by ~~tbe~~ Allies in postwar Germany ==		== Book destruction by the Allies in postwar Germany ==
	"It is common practice at public events and in publications to make emphatic reference to ~~tbe~~ book- banning during National Socialist times, without, however, making any mention of ~~tbe~~ book destruction engaged in by ~~tbe~~ victorious powers after Germany had lost ~~tbe~~ Second World War - a destruction that was more rigorous and extensive in every respect."<ref name=bb/>		"It is common practice at public events and in publications to make emphatic reference to the book- banning during National Socialist times, without, however, making any mention of the book destruction engaged in by the victorious powers after Germany had lost the Second World War - a destruction that was more rigorous and extensive in every respect."<ref name=bb/>

	"Whereas during National Socialist times banned books were collected and deposited in libraries with archival function, ~~tbe~~ Allied Control Council decreed that all publications and materials mentioned in ~~tbe~~ order were to be "released to ~~tbe~~ Commanders of each Zone, to be destroyed." And indeed, all books containing "National Socialist propaganda, racial teachings and calls to violence, or propaganda directed against ~~tbe~~ United Nations" were removed from ~~tbe~~ "former government and city libraries", from ~~tbe~~ "universities, ~~tbe~~ establishments of higher and middle education, from all research institutes and academies, from all technical or academic societies", and even from ~~tbe~~ elementary schools, from all bookstores and publishing houses - and then destroyed. This was no doubt ~~tbe~~ greatest campaign of book destruction of all time."<ref name=bb/>		"Whereas during National Socialist times banned books were collected and deposited in libraries with archival function, the Allied Control Council decreed that all publications and materials mentioned in the order were to be "released to the Commanders of each Zone, to be destroyed." And indeed, all books containing "National Socialist propaganda, racial teachings and calls to violence, or propaganda directed against the United Nations" were removed from the "former government and city libraries", from the "universities, the establishments of higher and middle education, from all research institutes and academies, from all technical or academic societies", and even from the elementary schools, from all bookstores and publishing houses - and then destroyed. This was no doubt the greatest campaign of book destruction of all time."<ref name=bb/>

	== Later book censorship and book destruction/burning in Germany ==		== Later book censorship and book destruction/burning in Germany ==
	Germany continues to ban books, including, but not limited to, books on [[revisionist]] topics. At least some of ~~tbe~~ banned books have been stated to be burned.<ref>Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless... http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB</ref>		Germany continues to ban books, including, but not limited to, books on [[revisionist]] topics. At least some of the banned books have been stated to be burned.<ref>Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless... http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB</ref>

	See also [[Anti-Holocaust_revisionism#Censorship.2C_persecution.2C_and_prohibition_of_Holocaust_revisionism\|Anti-Holocaust revisionism: Censorship, persecution, and prohibition of Holocaust revisionism]].		See also [[Anti-Holocaust_revisionism#Censorship.2C_persecution.2C_and_prohibition_of_Holocaust_revisionism\|Anti-Holocaust revisionism: Censorship, persecution, and prohibition of Holocaust revisionism]].
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	<gallery widths="250" heights="200" perrow="4">		<gallery widths="250" heights="200" perrow="4">
	File:Berlin, Opernplatz, Bücherverbrennung.png\|Opernplatz, [[Berlin]] book burnings		File:Berlin, Opernplatz, Bücherverbrennung.png\|Opernplatz, [[Berlin]] book burnings
	File:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft - Bibliothek 1933.png\|German students and [[SA]] members plunder ~~tbe~~ library of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], Director of ~~tbe~~ Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin		File:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft - Bibliothek 1933.png\|German students and [[SA]] members plunder the library of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], Director of the Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin
	File:NatSoc students with burning torches and a bust of ~~tbe~~ jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933.png\|German students with burning torches and a bust of ~~tbe~~ jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933		File:NatSoc students with burning torches and a bust of the jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933.png\|German students with burning torches and a bust of the jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Writers' War Board]] - An influential WWII American quasi-governmental propaganda organization, involved in ~~tbe~~ staging of thousands of propaganda commemorations of book burnings in National Socialist Germany.		*[[Writers' War Board]] - An influential WWII American quasi-governmental propaganda organization, involved in the staging of thousands of propaganda commemorations of book burnings in National Socialist Germany.
	*[[Frankfurt School]]		*[[Frankfurt School]]

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	*[http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History]		*[http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History]
	*[http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless...]		*[http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless...]
	*[https://www.dailyveracity.com/2022/12/20/why-they-dont-want-you-to-know-what-types-of-books-the-nazis-burned/ Why They Don’t Want You To Know What Types of Books ~~tbe~~ Nazis Burned]		*[https://www.dailyveracity.com/2022/12/20/why-they-dont-want-you-to-know-what-types-of-books-the-nazis-burned/ Why They Don’t Want You To Know What Types of Books the Nazis Burned]
	*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIKJ8Tc0fvE Book Burning in Berlin - 1933] - YouTube		*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIKJ8Tc0fvE Book Burning in Berlin - 1933] - YouTube

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:14, 26 April 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	{{template:National Socialist Germany revisionism}}		{{template:National Socialist Germany revisionism}}
	'''Book burning and censorship''' in '''National Socialist Germany''' are frequently criticized, often by accompanied by dramatic photographs of book burning. [[Revisionists]] argue that there are various less politically correct aspects, including ~~the~~ postwar Allied book [[censorship]] and destruction of books (described as "the greatest campaign of book destruction of all time") as well as current German book censorship and book burning/destruction.		'''Book burning and censorship''' in '''National Socialist Germany''' are frequently criticized, often by accompanied by dramatic photographs of book burning. [[Revisionists]] argue that there are various less politically correct aspects, including tbe postwar Allied book [[censorship]] and destruction of books (described as "the greatest campaign of book destruction of all time") as well as current German book censorship and book burning/destruction.

	== Book burning and censorship in National Socialist Germany ==		== Book burning and censorship in National Socialist Germany ==
	"After [[Adolf Hitler]], as chairman of ~~the~~ strongest political party, had taken charge of forming ~~the~~ new German government, ~~the~~ German students - acting with reference to ~~the~~ burning of papist literature by [[Martin Luther]], and to ~~the~~ Wartburg Festival, where revolutionary students had thrown symbols of reactionary politics (including publications) onto pyres - publicly burned books of "un-German spirit". These acts were intended to be demonstrations, and had nothing to do with book banning."<ref name=bb>The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html</ref>		"After [[Adolf Hitler]], as chairman of tbe strongest political party, had taken charge of forming tbe new German government, tbe German students - acting with reference to tbe burning of papist literature by [[Martin Luther]], and to tbe Wartburg Festival, where revolutionary students had thrown symbols of reactionary politics (including publications) onto pyres - publicly burned books of "un-German spirit". These acts were intended to be demonstrations, and had nothing to do with book banning."<ref name=bb>The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html</ref>

	"Bans were first assigned in un-coordinated manner by various governmental and non-governmental offices, until ~~the~~ Ministry of Public Education and Propaganda, under ~~the~~ leadership of [[Joseph Goebbels]], issued ~~the~~ only legally binding book bans via ~~the~~ Reich Chamber of Publications. Those black-lists of ~~the~~ Reich Chamber of Publications also included titles that had been on ~~the~~ police lists of obscene and offensive material during ~~the~~ [[Weimar Republic]], but these decreased steadily in number. Instead, ~~the~~ literature produced by emigrants ("traitors to ~~the~~ people"), [[Marxist]], [[Soviet]] authors, and others were included. [...] by ~~the~~ end of 1938 ~~the~~ Reich Chamber of Publications' list of banned books encompassed a total of 4,175 individual titles and 565 comprehensive bans, i.e. bans of all ~~the~~ writings of 565 authors. This number skyrocketed in 1941 when ~~the~~ war against ~~the~~ Soviet Union began and 337 additional comprehensive bans were issued against authors that were in some way positively connected with ~~the~~ Soviet Union."<ref name=bb/>		"Bans were first assigned in un-coordinated manner by various governmental and non-governmental offices, until tbe Ministry of Public Education and Propaganda, under tbe leadership of [[Joseph Goebbels]], issued tbe only legally binding book bans via tbe Reich Chamber of Publications. Those black-lists of tbe Reich Chamber of Publications also included titles that had been on tbe police lists of obscene and offensive material during tbe [[Weimar Republic]], but these decreased steadily in number. Instead, tbe literature produced by emigrants ("traitors to tbe people"), [[Marxist]], [[Soviet]] authors, and others were included. [...] by tbe end of 1938 tbe Reich Chamber of Publications' list of banned books encompassed a total of 4,175 individual titles and 565 comprehensive bans, i.e. bans of all tbe writings of 565 authors. This number skyrocketed in 1941 when tbe war against tbe Soviet Union began and 337 additional comprehensive bans were issued against authors that were in some way positively connected with tbe Soviet Union."<ref name=bb/>

	Among ~~the~~ authors whose books was burned and banned were:		Among tbe authors whose books was burned and banned were:

	:[[Sigmund Freud]], [[Wilhelm Reich]], [[Stefan Zweig]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Rosa Luxemburg]], [[Walther Rathenau]], [[Max Hodann]], [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], [[Heinrich Mann]], [[Erich Kästner]], [[Leon Trotsky]], [[György Lukács]], [[Franz Boas]], [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], [[Arnold Zweig]], and [[Karl Liebknecht]].		:[[Sigmund Freud]], [[Wilhelm Reich]], [[Stefan Zweig]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Rosa Luxemburg]], [[Walther Rathenau]], [[Max Hodann]], [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], [[Heinrich Mann]], [[Erich Kästner]], [[Leon Trotsky]], [[György Lukács]], [[Franz Boas]], [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], [[Arnold Zweig]], and [[Karl Liebknecht]].

	As noted below, revisionists have argued that ~~the~~ National Socialist regime did not destroy ~~the~~ books it banned, but instead collected and deposited such books in libraries with archival function.		As noted below, revisionists have argued that tbe National Socialist regime did not destroy tbe books it banned, but instead collected and deposited such books in libraries with archival function.

	== Book censorship by ~~the~~ Allies in postwar Germany ==		== Book censorship by tbe Allies in postwar Germany ==
	"The German Administration for Public Education in ~~the~~ Soviet Occupation Zone cooperated with ~~the~~ Office for ~~the~~ Review of Publications to release, via ~~the~~ Deutsche Bücherei in Leipzig, lists of literature to be proscribed, which also found official use in ~~the~~ western occupation zones. The first such list from 1946 was followed by three supplements, totaling 34,645 book titles [VHO counts altogether 32826 books, cf. Books letter Z, and together with Journals 35743, cf. Journals letter Z]. Beyond that, a comprehensive ban without individual title listing was applied to all school textbooks from 1933 to 1945."<ref name=bb/>		"The German Administration for Public Education in tbe Soviet Occupation Zone cooperated with tbe Office for tbe Review of Publications to release, via tbe Deutsche Bücherei in Leipzig, lists of literature to be proscribed, which also found official use in tbe western occupation zones. The first such list from 1946 was followed by three supplements, totaling 34,645 book titles [VHO counts altogether 32826 books, cf. Books letter Z, and together with Journals 35743, cf. Journals letter Z]. Beyond that, a comprehensive ban without individual title listing was applied to all school textbooks from 1933 to 1945."<ref name=bb/>

	Banned books included not just books by ~~the~~ [[NSDAP]], but also, for example, books by prominent Germans who had died long before ~~the~~ NSDAP was created, books that had been banned in National Socialist Germany, and books that do not seem to have any kind of association with ~~the~~ NSDAP.<ref name=bb/>		Banned books included not just books by tbe [[NSDAP]], but also, for example, books by prominent Germans who had died long before tbe NSDAP was created, books that had been banned in National Socialist Germany, and books that do not seem to have any kind of association with tbe NSDAP.<ref name=bb/>

	== Book destruction by ~~the~~ Allies in postwar Germany ==		== Book destruction by tbe Allies in postwar Germany ==
	"It is common practice at public events and in publications to make emphatic reference to ~~the~~ book- banning during National Socialist times, without, however, making any mention of ~~the~~ book destruction engaged in by ~~the~~ victorious powers after Germany had lost ~~the~~ Second World War - a destruction that was more rigorous and extensive in every respect."<ref name=bb/>		"It is common practice at public events and in publications to make emphatic reference to tbe book- banning during National Socialist times, without, however, making any mention of tbe book destruction engaged in by tbe victorious powers after Germany had lost tbe Second World War - a destruction that was more rigorous and extensive in every respect."<ref name=bb/>

	"Whereas during National Socialist times banned books were collected and deposited in libraries with archival function, ~~the~~ Allied Control Council decreed that all publications and materials mentioned in ~~the~~ order were to be "released to ~~the~~ Commanders of each Zone, to be destroyed." And indeed, all books containing "National Socialist propaganda, racial teachings and calls to violence, or propaganda directed against ~~the~~ United Nations" were removed from ~~the~~ "former government and city libraries", from ~~the~~ "universities, ~~the~~ establishments of higher and middle education, from all research institutes and academies, from all technical or academic societies", and even from ~~the~~ elementary schools, from all bookstores and publishing houses - and then destroyed. This was no doubt ~~the~~ greatest campaign of book destruction of all time."<ref name=bb/>		"Whereas during National Socialist times banned books were collected and deposited in libraries with archival function, tbe Allied Control Council decreed that all publications and materials mentioned in tbe order were to be "released to tbe Commanders of each Zone, to be destroyed." And indeed, all books containing "National Socialist propaganda, racial teachings and calls to violence, or propaganda directed against tbe United Nations" were removed from tbe "former government and city libraries", from tbe "universities, tbe establishments of higher and middle education, from all research institutes and academies, from all technical or academic societies", and even from tbe elementary schools, from all bookstores and publishing houses - and then destroyed. This was no doubt tbe greatest campaign of book destruction of all time."<ref name=bb/>

	== Later book censorship and book destruction/burning in Germany ==		== Later book censorship and book destruction/burning in Germany ==
	Germany continues to ban books, including, but not limited to, books on [[revisionist]] topics. At least some of ~~the~~ banned books have been stated to be burned.<ref>Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless... http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB</ref>		Germany continues to ban books, including, but not limited to, books on [[revisionist]] topics. At least some of tbe banned books have been stated to be burned.<ref>Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless... http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB</ref>

	See also [[Anti-Holocaust_revisionism#Censorship.2C_persecution.2C_and_prohibition_of_Holocaust_revisionism\|Anti-Holocaust revisionism: Censorship, persecution, and prohibition of Holocaust revisionism]].		See also [[Anti-Holocaust_revisionism#Censorship.2C_persecution.2C_and_prohibition_of_Holocaust_revisionism\|Anti-Holocaust revisionism: Censorship, persecution, and prohibition of Holocaust revisionism]].
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	<gallery widths="250" heights="200" perrow="4">		<gallery widths="250" heights="200" perrow="4">
	File:Berlin, Opernplatz, Bücherverbrennung.png\|Opernplatz, [[Berlin]] book burnings		File:Berlin, Opernplatz, Bücherverbrennung.png\|Opernplatz, [[Berlin]] book burnings
	File:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft - Bibliothek 1933.png\|German students and [[SA]] members plunder ~~the~~ library of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], Director of ~~the~~ Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin		File:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft - Bibliothek 1933.png\|German students and [[SA]] members plunder tbe library of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]], Director of tbe Institute for Sexual Research in Berlin
	File:NatSoc students with burning torches and a bust of ~~the~~ jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933.png\|German students with burning torches and a bust of ~~the~~ jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933		File:NatSoc students with burning torches and a bust of tbe jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933.png\|German students with burning torches and a bust of tbe jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1933
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[Writers' War Board]] - An influential WWII American quasi-governmental propaganda organization, involved in ~~the~~ staging of thousands of propaganda commemorations of book burnings in National Socialist Germany.		*[[Writers' War Board]] - An influential WWII American quasi-governmental propaganda organization, involved in tbe staging of thousands of propaganda commemorations of book burnings in National Socialist Germany.
	*[[Frankfurt School]]		*[[Frankfurt School]]

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	*[http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History]		*[http://www.vho.org/censor/LuedersGB.html The Greatest Campaign of Book Destruction in all of History]
	*[http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless...]		*[http://www.vho.org/censor/D.html#GB Censorship in Germany? Never! Unless...]
	*[https://www.dailyveracity.com/2022/12/20/why-they-dont-want-you-to-know-what-types-of-books-the-nazis-burned/ Why They Don’t Want You To Know What Types of Books ~~the~~ Nazis Burned]		*[https://www.dailyveracity.com/2022/12/20/why-they-dont-want-you-to-know-what-types-of-books-the-nazis-burned/ Why They Don’t Want You To Know What Types of Books tbe Nazis Burned]
	*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIKJ8Tc0fvE Book Burning in Berlin - 1933] - YouTube		*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIKJ8Tc0fvE Book Burning in Berlin - 1933] - YouTube