Carol II of Romania - Revision history

Bacchus: Text replacement - "tbe " to "the "

2024-04-28T23:57:15Z

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	[[File:Kings Michael & Carol of Romania.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Prince Michael & his father King Carol II of Romania.]]		[[File:Kings Michael & Carol of Romania.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Prince Michael & his father King Carol II of Romania.]]
	'''Carol II''' (3 October 1893 - 4 April 1953) was ~~tbe~~ King of [[Romania]] from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940. As ~~tbe~~ eldest son of [[Ferdinand I of Romania\|Ferdinand I]], he became Crown Prince upon ~~tbe~~ death of his grand-uncle, King [[Carol I of Romania\|Carol I]], in 1914. He was ~~tbe~~ first of ~~tbe~~ [[Hohenzollern]] kings of Romania to be born in ~~tbe~~ country; as both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults. As such, he was ~~tbe~~ first member of ~~tbe~~ Romanian branch of ~~tbe~~ Hohenzollerns who spoke Romanian as his first language and was also ~~tbe~~ first member of ~~tbe~~ royal family to be raised in ~~tbe~~ [[Orthodox Church\|Orthodox]] faith.<ref>[http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html King Carol II] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006022008/http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html \|date=6 October 2007 }}</ref>		'''Carol II''' (3 October 1893 - 4 April 1953) was the King of [[Romania]] from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940. As the eldest son of [[Ferdinand I of Romania\|Ferdinand I]], he became Crown Prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King [[Carol I of Romania\|Carol I]], in 1914. He was the first of the [[Hohenzollern]] kings of Romania to be born in the country; as both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults. As such, he was the first member of the Romanian branch of the Hohenzollerns who spoke Romanian as his first language and was also the first member of the royal family to be raised in the [[Orthodox Church\|Orthodox]] faith.<ref>[http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html King Carol II] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006022008/http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html \|date=6 October 2007 }}</ref>

	==Women and controversy==		==Women and controversy==
	Carol's life and reign were surrounded by controversy. One was his marriage to a commoner, Zizi Lambrino, which resulted in two attempts by Carol to give up ~~tbe~~ rights of succession to ~~tbe~~ royal crown of Romania, both of which were refused by his father King Ferdinand.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Kellogg \|first1=Frederick \|last2=Quinlan \|first2=Paul D. \|date=April 1997 \|title=Review [The Playboy King: Carol II of Romania] \|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170913 \|journal=The American Historical Review \|volume=102 \|issue=2 \|pages=483 \|doi=10.2307/2170913 \|jstor=2170913 \|issn=0002-8762}}</ref> Finally, after ~~tbe~~ dissolution of his marriage, he met Princess Helen, daughter of King Constantine I of Greece, and married her in March of 1921. They had a child in ~~tbe~~ same year, [[Michael I of Romania\|Prince Michael of Romania]]. But ~~tbe~~ handsome Carol's love of women continued and after his affair with Elena Lupescu he was obliged to renounce his succession rights in 1925 and leave ~~tbe~~ country. His name was even removed from ~~tbe~~ Royal House of Romania by King Ferdinand I. Carol moved to [[France]] with Lupescu, using ~~tbe~~ name Carol Caraiman. Prince Michael, aged 5, inherited ~~tbe~~ throne under a Regency upon ~~tbe~~ death of King Ferdinand in 1927. Princess Helen divorced Carol in 1928.		Carol's life and reign were surrounded by controversy. One was his marriage to a commoner, Zizi Lambrino, which resulted in two attempts by Carol to give up the rights of succession to the royal crown of Romania, both of which were refused by his father King Ferdinand.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Kellogg \|first1=Frederick \|last2=Quinlan \|first2=Paul D. \|date=April 1997 \|title=Review [The Playboy King: Carol II of Romania] \|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170913 \|journal=The American Historical Review \|volume=102 \|issue=2 \|pages=483 \|doi=10.2307/2170913 \|jstor=2170913 \|issn=0002-8762}}</ref> Finally, after the dissolution of his marriage, he met Princess Helen, daughter of King Constantine I of Greece, and married her in March of 1921. They had a child in the same year, [[Michael I of Romania\|Prince Michael of Romania]]. But the handsome Carol's love of women continued and after his affair with Elena Lupescu he was obliged to renounce his succession rights in 1925 and leave the country. His name was even removed from the Royal House of Romania by King Ferdinand I. Carol moved to [[France]] with Lupescu, using the name Carol Caraiman. Prince Michael, aged 5, inherited the throne under a Regency upon the death of King Ferdinand in 1927. Princess Helen divorced Carol in 1928.

	==Assumes throne==		==Assumes throne==
	In ~~tbe~~ political crisis created by ~~tbe~~ deaths of Ferdinand I and Ion Brătianu, and ~~tbe~~ ineffective Regency of Prince Nicholas of Romania, Miron Cristea, and Gheorghe Buzdugan, Carol was allowed to return to Romania in 1930 and his name and position was restored. He displaced his son's Regency and assumed ~~tbe~~ throne. The beginning of Carol’s reign was marked by ~~tbe~~ negative economic effects of ~~tbe~~ [[Great Depression]] which affected all countries.		In the political crisis created by the deaths of Ferdinand I and Ion Brătianu, and the ineffective Regency of Prince Nicholas of Romania, Miron Cristea, and Gheorghe Buzdugan, Carol was allowed to return to Romania in 1930 and his name and position was restored. He displaced his son's Regency and assumed the throne. The beginning of Carol’s reign was marked by the negative economic effects of the [[Great Depression]] which affected all countries.

	==Politics==		==Politics==
	Carol is said to have weakened ~~tbe~~ parliament of Romania, often appointing minority factions of historical parties to ~~tbe~~ government and attempting to form nationally concentrated governments, such as ~~tbe~~ Iorga-Argetoianu government. He also allowed for ~~tbe~~ formation of a corrupt court circle around him, under ~~tbe~~ patronage of Lupescu. A political crisis followed ~~tbe~~ December 1937 General Elections, where no party achieved an absolute majority and a [[coalition]] could not be formed due to disagreements between ~~tbe~~ National Liberal Party and ~~tbe~~ National Peasants Party and ~~tbe~~ [[Iron Guard]], all of whom were needed to form a coalition Government. The parties being unable to resolve this crisis, Carol established a Royal [[dictatorship]] in 1938 by suspending ~~tbe~~ 1923 constitution, abolishing all political parties, and forming a new single party, ~~tbe~~ National Renaissance Front, which consisted mostly of former members of ~~tbe~~ National Peasants Party and ~~tbe~~ National Christian Party under ~~tbe~~ King's patronage. The National Renaissance Front was ~~tbe~~ last of several attempts to counter ~~tbe~~ popularity of ~~tbe~~ [[fascist]] Iron Guard.		Carol is said to have weakened the parliament of Romania, often appointing minority factions of historical parties to the government and attempting to form nationally concentrated governments, such as the Iorga-Argetoianu government. He also allowed for the formation of a corrupt court circle around him, under the patronage of Lupescu. A political crisis followed the December 1937 General Elections, where no party achieved an absolute majority and a [[coalition]] could not be formed due to disagreements between the National Liberal Party and the National Peasants Party and the [[Iron Guard]], all of whom were needed to form a coalition Government. The parties being unable to resolve this crisis, Carol established a Royal [[dictatorship]] in 1938 by suspending the 1923 constitution, abolishing all political parties, and forming a new single party, the National Renaissance Front, which consisted mostly of former members of the National Peasants Party and the National Christian Party under the King's patronage. The National Renaissance Front was the last of several attempts to counter the popularity of the [[fascist]] Iron Guard.

	==1940==		==1940==
	Following ~~tbe~~ start of [[World War II]] on 3 September 1939, Carol reaffirmed ~~tbe~~ Treaty of Guarantee between [[Poland]] and [[Romania]], dated 26 March 1929, which was a mutual military alliance. However any military assistance was now declined by [[Poland]] who wished to follow their so-called 'Romanian Bridgehead' plan that required a neutral Romania. Following ~~tbe~~ [[Invasion of Poland\|fall of Poland]] and ~~tbe~~ involvement of ~~tbe~~ [[USSR]], Carol maintained a neutrality policy. After ~~tbe~~ fall of [[France]] in June 1940, Carol's policy changed towards re-alignment with [[National Socialist Germany\|Germany]] in ~~tbe~~ hope of gaining German guarantees for Romania. He was however not aware of ~~tbe~~ secret clauses of ~~tbe~~ Ribbentrop-Molotov pact between Germany and ~~tbe~~ [[Soviet Union]] that would see Romania lose significant parts of its territory. So-called Greater Romania was now fragmented by ~~tbe~~ ceding of [[Bessarabia]] and Northern [[Bukovina]] to ~~tbe~~ USSR, Northern [[Transylvania]] returned to [[Kingdom of Hungary\|Hungary]] (via [[revanchism]]), and southern [[Dobruja]] returned to [[Bulgaria]]. Although after which a German guarantee was finally achieved, ~~tbe~~ situation had a disastrous effect on ~~tbe~~ reputation of King Carol. The reorientation of Romania's foreign policy towards Germany had failed and could not prevent his regime from collapsing, and he was forced to abdicate by General [[Ion Antonescu]], ~~tbe~~ newly appointed [[Prime Minister]]. Carol was again succeeded by his son [[Michael I of Romania\|Michael]].		Following the start of [[World War II]] on 3 September 1939, Carol reaffirmed the Treaty of Guarantee between [[Poland]] and [[Romania]], dated 26 March 1929, which was a mutual military alliance. However any military assistance was now declined by [[Poland]] who wished to follow their so-called 'Romanian Bridgehead' plan that required a neutral Romania. Following the [[Invasion of Poland\|fall of Poland]] and the involvement of the [[USSR]], Carol maintained a neutrality policy. After the fall of [[France]] in June 1940, Carol's policy changed towards re-alignment with [[National Socialist Germany\|Germany]] in the hope of gaining German guarantees for Romania. He was however not aware of the secret clauses of the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact between Germany and the [[Soviet Union]] that would see Romania lose significant parts of its territory. So-called Greater Romania was now fragmented by the ceding of [[Bessarabia]] and Northern [[Bukovina]] to the USSR, Northern [[Transylvania]] returned to [[Kingdom of Hungary\|Hungary]] (via [[revanchism]]), and southern [[Dobruja]] returned to [[Bulgaria]]. Although after which a German guarantee was finally achieved, the situation had a disastrous effect on the reputation of King Carol. The reorientation of Romania's foreign policy towards Germany had failed and could not prevent his regime from collapsing, and he was forced to abdicate by General [[Ion Antonescu]], the newly appointed [[Prime Minister]]. Carol was again succeeded by his son [[Michael I of Romania\|Michael]].

	==Death==		==Death==
	After his abdication, Carol was permitted to leave ~~tbe~~ country with a special train loaded with his personal fortune. An attempt on his life was made by ~~tbe~~ Iron Guard, who fired on ~~tbe~~ train in ~~tbe~~ hope of killing ~~tbe~~ former king. For ~~tbe~~ rest of his life, he travelled ~~tbe~~ world, finally marrying Elena Lupescu while living in [[Brazil]] in 1947. After finally settling in ~~tbe~~ Portuguese Riviera, Carol II died peacefully in exile aged only 59.		After his abdication, Carol was permitted to leave the country with a special train loaded with his personal fortune. An attempt on his life was made by the Iron Guard, who fired on the train in the hope of killing the former king. For the rest of his life, he travelled the world, finally marrying Elena Lupescu while living in [[Brazil]] in 1947. After finally settling in the Portuguese Riviera, Carol II died peacefully in exile aged only 59.

	==Sources==		==Sources==

Bacchus: Text replacement - " the " to " tbe "

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	[[File:Kings Michael & Carol of Romania.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Prince Michael & his father King Carol II of Romania.]]		[[File:Kings Michael & Carol of Romania.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Prince Michael & his father King Carol II of Romania.]]
	'''Carol II''' (3 October 1893 - 4 April 1953) was ~~the~~ King of [[Romania]] from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940. As ~~the~~ eldest son of [[Ferdinand I of Romania\|Ferdinand I]], he became Crown Prince upon ~~the~~ death of his grand-uncle, King [[Carol I of Romania\|Carol I]], in 1914. He was ~~the~~ first of ~~the~~ [[Hohenzollern]] kings of Romania to be born in ~~the~~ country; as both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults. As such, he was ~~the~~ first member of ~~the~~ Romanian branch of ~~the~~ Hohenzollerns who spoke Romanian as his first language and was also ~~the~~ first member of ~~the~~ royal family to be raised in ~~the~~ [[Orthodox Church\|Orthodox]] faith.<ref>[http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html King Carol II] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006022008/http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html \|date=6 October 2007 }}</ref>		'''Carol II''' (3 October 1893 - 4 April 1953) was tbe King of [[Romania]] from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940. As tbe eldest son of [[Ferdinand I of Romania\|Ferdinand I]], he became Crown Prince upon tbe death of his grand-uncle, King [[Carol I of Romania\|Carol I]], in 1914. He was tbe first of tbe [[Hohenzollern]] kings of Romania to be born in tbe country; as both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults. As such, he was tbe first member of tbe Romanian branch of tbe Hohenzollerns who spoke Romanian as his first language and was also tbe first member of tbe royal family to be raised in tbe [[Orthodox Church\|Orthodox]] faith.<ref>[http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html King Carol II] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006022008/http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html \|date=6 October 2007 }}</ref>

	==Women and controversy==		==Women and controversy==
	Carol's life and reign were surrounded by controversy. One was his marriage to a commoner, Zizi Lambrino, which resulted in two attempts by Carol to give up ~~the~~ rights of succession to ~~the~~ royal crown of Romania, both of which were refused by his father King Ferdinand.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Kellogg \|first1=Frederick \|last2=Quinlan \|first2=Paul D. \|date=April 1997 \|title=Review [The Playboy King: Carol II of Romania] \|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170913 \|journal=The American Historical Review \|volume=102 \|issue=2 \|pages=483 \|doi=10.2307/2170913 \|jstor=2170913 \|issn=0002-8762}}</ref> Finally, after ~~the~~ dissolution of his marriage, he met Princess Helen, daughter of King Constantine I of Greece, and married her in March of 1921. They had a child in ~~the~~ same year, [[Michael I of Romania\|Prince Michael of Romania]]. But ~~the~~ handsome Carol's love of women continued and after his affair with Elena Lupescu he was obliged to renounce his succession rights in 1925 and leave ~~the~~ country. His name was even removed from ~~the~~ Royal House of Romania by King Ferdinand I. Carol moved to [[France]] with Lupescu, using ~~the~~ name Carol Caraiman. Prince Michael, aged 5, inherited ~~the~~ throne under a Regency upon ~~the~~ death of King Ferdinand in 1927. Princess Helen divorced Carol in 1928.		Carol's life and reign were surrounded by controversy. One was his marriage to a commoner, Zizi Lambrino, which resulted in two attempts by Carol to give up tbe rights of succession to tbe royal crown of Romania, both of which were refused by his father King Ferdinand.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Kellogg \|first1=Frederick \|last2=Quinlan \|first2=Paul D. \|date=April 1997 \|title=Review [The Playboy King: Carol II of Romania] \|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170913 \|journal=The American Historical Review \|volume=102 \|issue=2 \|pages=483 \|doi=10.2307/2170913 \|jstor=2170913 \|issn=0002-8762}}</ref> Finally, after tbe dissolution of his marriage, he met Princess Helen, daughter of King Constantine I of Greece, and married her in March of 1921. They had a child in tbe same year, [[Michael I of Romania\|Prince Michael of Romania]]. But tbe handsome Carol's love of women continued and after his affair with Elena Lupescu he was obliged to renounce his succession rights in 1925 and leave tbe country. His name was even removed from tbe Royal House of Romania by King Ferdinand I. Carol moved to [[France]] with Lupescu, using tbe name Carol Caraiman. Prince Michael, aged 5, inherited tbe throne under a Regency upon tbe death of King Ferdinand in 1927. Princess Helen divorced Carol in 1928.

	==Assumes throne==		==Assumes throne==
	In ~~the~~ political crisis created by ~~the~~ deaths of Ferdinand I and Ion Brătianu, and ~~the~~ ineffective Regency of Prince Nicholas of Romania, Miron Cristea, and Gheorghe Buzdugan, Carol was allowed to return to Romania in 1930 and his name and position was restored. He displaced his son's Regency and assumed ~~the~~ throne. The beginning of Carol’s reign was marked by ~~the~~ negative economic effects of ~~the~~ [[Great Depression]] which affected all countries.		In tbe political crisis created by tbe deaths of Ferdinand I and Ion Brătianu, and tbe ineffective Regency of Prince Nicholas of Romania, Miron Cristea, and Gheorghe Buzdugan, Carol was allowed to return to Romania in 1930 and his name and position was restored. He displaced his son's Regency and assumed tbe throne. The beginning of Carol’s reign was marked by tbe negative economic effects of tbe [[Great Depression]] which affected all countries.

	==Politics==		==Politics==
	Carol is said to have weakened ~~the~~ parliament of Romania, often appointing minority factions of historical parties to ~~the~~ government and attempting to form nationally concentrated governments, such as ~~the~~ Iorga-Argetoianu government. He also allowed for ~~the~~ formation of a corrupt court circle around him, under ~~the~~ patronage of Lupescu. A political crisis followed ~~the~~ December 1937 General Elections, where no party achieved an absolute majority and a [[coalition]] could not be formed due to disagreements between ~~the~~ National Liberal Party and ~~the~~ National Peasants Party and ~~the~~ [[Iron Guard]], all of whom were needed to form a coalition Government. The parties being unable to resolve this crisis, Carol established a Royal [[dictatorship]] in 1938 by suspending ~~the~~ 1923 constitution, abolishing all political parties, and forming a new single party, ~~the~~ National Renaissance Front, which consisted mostly of former members of ~~the~~ National Peasants Party and ~~the~~ National Christian Party under ~~the~~ King's patronage. The National Renaissance Front was ~~the~~ last of several attempts to counter ~~the~~ popularity of ~~the~~ [[fascist]] Iron Guard.		Carol is said to have weakened tbe parliament of Romania, often appointing minority factions of historical parties to tbe government and attempting to form nationally concentrated governments, such as tbe Iorga-Argetoianu government. He also allowed for tbe formation of a corrupt court circle around him, under tbe patronage of Lupescu. A political crisis followed tbe December 1937 General Elections, where no party achieved an absolute majority and a [[coalition]] could not be formed due to disagreements between tbe National Liberal Party and tbe National Peasants Party and tbe [[Iron Guard]], all of whom were needed to form a coalition Government. The parties being unable to resolve this crisis, Carol established a Royal [[dictatorship]] in 1938 by suspending tbe 1923 constitution, abolishing all political parties, and forming a new single party, tbe National Renaissance Front, which consisted mostly of former members of tbe National Peasants Party and tbe National Christian Party under tbe King's patronage. The National Renaissance Front was tbe last of several attempts to counter tbe popularity of tbe [[fascist]] Iron Guard.

	==1940==		==1940==
	Following ~~the~~ start of [[World War II]] on 3 September 1939, Carol reaffirmed ~~the~~ Treaty of Guarantee between [[Poland]] and [[Romania]], dated 26 March 1929, which was a mutual military alliance. However any military assistance was now declined by [[Poland]] who wished to follow their so-called 'Romanian Bridgehead' plan that required a neutral Romania. Following ~~the~~ [[Invasion of Poland\|fall of Poland]] and ~~the~~ involvement of ~~the~~ [[USSR]], Carol maintained a neutrality policy. After ~~the~~ fall of [[France]] in June 1940, Carol's policy changed towards re-alignment with [[National Socialist Germany\|Germany]] in ~~the~~ hope of gaining German guarantees for Romania. He was however not aware of ~~the~~ secret clauses of ~~the~~ Ribbentrop-Molotov pact between Germany and ~~the~~ [[Soviet Union]] that would see Romania lose significant parts of its territory. So-called Greater Romania was now fragmented by ~~the~~ ceding of [[Bessarabia]] and Northern [[Bukovina]] to ~~the~~ USSR, Northern [[Transylvania]] returned to [[Kingdom of Hungary\|Hungary]] (via [[revanchism]]), and southern [[Dobruja]] returned to [[Bulgaria]]. Although after which a German guarantee was finally achieved, ~~the~~ situation had a disastrous effect on ~~the~~ reputation of King Carol. The reorientation of Romania's foreign policy towards Germany had failed and could not prevent his regime from collapsing, and he was forced to abdicate by General [[Ion Antonescu]], ~~the~~ newly appointed [[Prime Minister]]. Carol was again succeeded by his son [[Michael I of Romania\|Michael]].		Following tbe start of [[World War II]] on 3 September 1939, Carol reaffirmed tbe Treaty of Guarantee between [[Poland]] and [[Romania]], dated 26 March 1929, which was a mutual military alliance. However any military assistance was now declined by [[Poland]] who wished to follow their so-called 'Romanian Bridgehead' plan that required a neutral Romania. Following tbe [[Invasion of Poland\|fall of Poland]] and tbe involvement of tbe [[USSR]], Carol maintained a neutrality policy. After tbe fall of [[France]] in June 1940, Carol's policy changed towards re-alignment with [[National Socialist Germany\|Germany]] in tbe hope of gaining German guarantees for Romania. He was however not aware of tbe secret clauses of tbe Ribbentrop-Molotov pact between Germany and tbe [[Soviet Union]] that would see Romania lose significant parts of its territory. So-called Greater Romania was now fragmented by tbe ceding of [[Bessarabia]] and Northern [[Bukovina]] to tbe USSR, Northern [[Transylvania]] returned to [[Kingdom of Hungary\|Hungary]] (via [[revanchism]]), and southern [[Dobruja]] returned to [[Bulgaria]]. Although after which a German guarantee was finally achieved, tbe situation had a disastrous effect on tbe reputation of King Carol. The reorientation of Romania's foreign policy towards Germany had failed and could not prevent his regime from collapsing, and he was forced to abdicate by General [[Ion Antonescu]], tbe newly appointed [[Prime Minister]]. Carol was again succeeded by his son [[Michael I of Romania\|Michael]].

	==Death==		==Death==
	After his abdication, Carol was permitted to leave ~~the~~ country with a special train loaded with his personal fortune. An attempt on his life was made by ~~the~~ Iron Guard, who fired on ~~the~~ train in ~~the~~ hope of killing ~~the~~ former king. For ~~the~~ rest of his life, he travelled ~~the~~ world, finally marrying Elena Lupescu while living in [[Brazil]] in 1947. After finally settling in ~~the~~ Portuguese Riviera, Carol II died peacefully in exile aged only 59.		After his abdication, Carol was permitted to leave tbe country with a special train loaded with his personal fortune. An attempt on his life was made by tbe Iron Guard, who fired on tbe train in tbe hope of killing tbe former king. For tbe rest of his life, he travelled tbe world, finally marrying Elena Lupescu while living in [[Brazil]] in 1947. After finally settling in tbe Portuguese Riviera, Carol II died peacefully in exile aged only 59.

	==Sources==		==Sources==

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	[[File:Kings Michael & Carol of Romania.~~jpg~~\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Prince Michael & his father King Carol II of Romania.]]		[[File:Kings Michael & Carol of Romania.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Prince Michael & his father King Carol II of Romania.]]
	'''Carol II''' (3 October 1893 - 4 April 1953) was the King of [[Romania]] from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940. As the eldest son of [[Ferdinand I of Romania\|Ferdinand I]], he became Crown Prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King [[Carol I of Romania\|Carol I]], in 1914. He was the first of the [[Hohenzollern]] kings of Romania to be born in the country; as both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults. As such, he was the first member of the Romanian branch of the Hohenzollerns who spoke Romanian as his first language and was also the first member of the royal family to be raised in the [[Orthodox Church\|Orthodox]] faith.<ref>[http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html King Carol II] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006022008/http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html \|date=6 October 2007 }}</ref>		'''Carol II''' (3 October 1893 - 4 April 1953) was the King of [[Romania]] from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940. As the eldest son of [[Ferdinand I of Romania\|Ferdinand I]], he became Crown Prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King [[Carol I of Romania\|Carol I]], in 1914. He was the first of the [[Hohenzollern]] kings of Romania to be born in the country; as both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults. As such, he was the first member of the Romanian branch of the Hohenzollerns who spoke Romanian as his first language and was also the first member of the royal family to be raised in the [[Orthodox Church\|Orthodox]] faith.<ref>[http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html King Carol II] {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006022008/http://www.cs.kent.edu/~amarcus/Mihai/english/carol2en.html \|date=6 October 2007 }}</ref>

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	[[Category:Romania]]		[[Category:Romania]]
	~~[[Category:Kings]]~~
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]
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	==Sources==		==Sources==
	~~<references/>~~		{{Reflist\|2}}
	* Hohenzollern, Prince Paul, ''King Carol II'', Methuen, London, 1988, ISBN: 0-413-16570-1.		* Hohenzollern, Prince Paul, ''King Carol II'', Methuen, London, 1988, ISBN: 0-413-16570-1.
	* Porter, Ivor, ''Michael of Romania'', Sutton publishing, U.K., 2005, ISBN: 0-7509-3847-1.		* Porter, Ivor, ''Michael of Romania'', Sutton publishing, U.K., 2005, ISBN: 0-7509-3847-1.

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	* Lauder-Frost, Gregory, "Romania" in ''The Monarchist League Newsletter'', Spring 1989, London, pages 1 to 3.		* Lauder-Frost, Gregory, "Romania" in ''The Monarchist League Newsletter'', Spring 1989, London, pages 1 to 3.

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𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]) deaths" to "Categoryxxx"

2024-02-07T18:30:25Z

Text replacement - "Category:([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]) deaths" to "Categoryxxx"

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 7 February 2024
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	[[Categoryxxx]]		[[Categoryxxx]]
	[[~~Category:1953 deaths~~]]		[[Categoryxxx]]
	[[Category:Romania]]		[[Category:Romania]]
	[[Category:Kings]]		[[Category:Kings]]
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]
	[[Category:World War II]]		[[Category:World War II]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]) births" to "Categoryxxx"

2024-02-07T03:08:03Z

Text replacement - "Category:([0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]) births" to "Categoryxxx"

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 6 February 2024
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	* Lauder-Frost, Gregory, "Romania" in ''The Monarchist League Newsletter'', Spring 1989, London, pages 1 to 3.		* Lauder-Frost, Gregory, "Romania" in ''The Monarchist League Newsletter'', Spring 1989, London, pages 1 to 3.

	[[~~Category:1893 births~~]]		[[Categoryxxx]]
	[[Category:1953 deaths]]		[[Category:1953 deaths]]
	[[Category:Romania]]		[[Category:Romania]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-06T21:40:56Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:40, 6 February 2024
(No difference)