Charles Coughlin - Revision history

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	[[File:Father Charles E. Coughlin.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|Father Charles Coughlin]]		[[File:Father Charles E. Coughlin.png\|thumb\|300px\|Father Charles Coughlin]]
	'''Charles Edward Coughlin''' (25 October 1891 – 27 October 1979) was a Canadian-American [[Roman Catholic]] priest at Royal Oak, Michigan's National Shrine of the Little Flower Church. He was one of the first to use radio to reach a mass audience, as more than tens of millions tuned to his weekly broadcasts during the [[1930s]]. Early on, his programs were typically religious then eventually began to discuss economic and political issues with attacks upon bankers and [[communists]]. He founded the [[National Union for Social Justice]] in November, 1934 with the aim of betterment of all people regardless of race or religious background.<ref>''Insidious foes: the Axis Fifth Column and the American home front'', By Francis MacDonnell, page 35</ref>		'''Charles Edward Coughlin''' (25 October 1891 – 27 October 1979) was a Canadian-American [[Roman Catholic]] priest at Royal Oak, Michigan's National Shrine of the Little Flower Church. He was one of the first to use radio to reach a mass audience, as more than tens of millions tuned to his weekly broadcasts during the [[1930s]]. Early on, his programs were typically religious then eventually began to discuss economic and political issues with attacks upon bankers and [[communists]]. He founded the [[National Union for Social Justice]] in November, 1934 with the aim of betterment of all people regardless of race or religious background.<ref>''Insidious foes: the Axis Fifth Column and the American home front'', By Francis MacDonnell, page 35</ref>

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	==Early broadcasts and political activism==		==Early broadcasts and political activism==
	[[File:Charles Coughlin 1.~~jpg~~\|right\|310px]]		[[File:Charles Coughlin 1.png\|right\|310px]]
	[[File:CharlesCouglinCraineDetroitPortrait.~~jpg~~\|right\|310px]]		[[File:CharlesCouglinCraineDetroitPortrait.png\|right\|310px]]
	[[File:Father Charles E. Coughlin collection.~~jpg~~\|right\|310px]]		[[File:Father Charles E. Coughlin collection.png\|right\|310px]]
	Charles E. Coughlin was born in Hamilton, Ontario on October 25, 1891 to Thomas J. Coughlin, a Great Lakes stoker from Indiana, and to Amelia Mahoney Coughlin, a Canadian seamstress. He was [[Holy Orders\|ordained]] to the priesthood in [[Toronto]] on 29 June 1916 during [[WWI]]. He taught at Assumption College in Windsor, Ontario, before moving to Detroit in 1923.		Charles E. Coughlin was born in Hamilton, Ontario on October 25, 1891 to Thomas J. Coughlin, a Great Lakes stoker from Indiana, and to Amelia Mahoney Coughlin, a Canadian seamstress. He was [[Holy Orders\|ordained]] to the priesthood in [[Toronto]] on 29 June 1916 during [[WWI]]. He taught at Assumption College in Windsor, Ontario, before moving to Detroit in 1923.

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	Among the articles of the NUSJ, were work and income guarantees, nationalizing "necessary" industry, wealth redistribution through taxation of the wealthy, federal protection of worker's unions, and decreasing property rights in favor of the government controlling the country's assets for "public good."<ref>Principles of the National Union for Social Justice, quoted in Brinkley, "Voices of Protest", pp. 287-88.</ref> Illustrative of his disdain for capitalism is his statement that, "We maintain the principle that there can be no lasting prosperity if free competition exists in industry. Therefore, it is the business of government not only to legislate for a minimum annual wage and maximum working schedule to be observed by industry, but also to curtail individualism that, if necessary, factories shall be licensed and their output shall be limited." <ref>Charles A. Beard and George H.E. Smith, eds., "Current Problems of Public Policy: A Collection of Materials" (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1936), p. 54 </ref>		Among the articles of the NUSJ, were work and income guarantees, nationalizing "necessary" industry, wealth redistribution through taxation of the wealthy, federal protection of worker's unions, and decreasing property rights in favor of the government controlling the country's assets for "public good."<ref>Principles of the National Union for Social Justice, quoted in Brinkley, "Voices of Protest", pp. 287-88.</ref> Illustrative of his disdain for capitalism is his statement that, "We maintain the principle that there can be no lasting prosperity if free competition exists in industry. Therefore, it is the business of government not only to legislate for a minimum annual wage and maximum working schedule to be observed by industry, but also to curtail individualism that, if necessary, factories shall be licensed and their output shall be limited." <ref>Charles A. Beard and George H.E. Smith, eds., "Current Problems of Public Policy: A Collection of Materials" (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1936), p. 54 </ref>

	Coughlin was the most prominent Roman Catholic speaker on political and financial issues, with a radio audience that reached 30 million people every week on 60 stations.<ref>''Lessons from the Great Depression for Dummies'', By Steve Wiegand, page 147</ref> When he began criticizing the New Deal, Roosevelt sent [[Joseph P. Kennedy]] and [[Frank Murphy]], prominent Irish Catholics, to try to tone him down. Ignoring them, Coughlin began denouncing Roosevelt as a tool of Wall Street. Coughlin supported [[Huey Long]] until Long was assassinated in 1935, and then supported [[William Lemke]]'s third party in 1936. As Coughlin turned into a bitter opponent of the New Deal, his radio talks escalated in vehemence against Roosevelt, [[capitalists]] and "~~Jewish~~ conspirators". He was initially supported, and later – after turning on Roosevelt - opposed in his efforts by another nationally known priest, [[Monsignor]] [[John A. Ryan]].<ref>{{cite web \|last=Turrini \|first=Joseph M. \|title=Catholic Social Reform and the New Deal \|url=http://www.archives.gov/nhprc/annotation/march-2002/catholic-social-reform.html \|accessdate=2008-08-02}}</ref> Kennedy, who strongly supported the New Deal, warned as early as 1933 that Coughlin was "becoming a very dangerous proposition" as an opponent of Roosevelt and "an out and out [[demagogue]]." Kennedy worked with Roosevelt, Bishop [[Francis Cardinal Spellman\|Francis Spellman]] and Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (the future [[Pope Pius XII]]) in a successful effort to get the [[Holy See\|Vatican]] to silence Coughlin in 1936.<ref> Thomas Maier, ''The Kennedys: America's Emerald Kings'' (2003) pp 103-107</ref> In 1940-41, reversing his own views, Kennedy attacked the isolationism of Coughlin.<ref>Amanda Smith, ''Hostage to Fortune.''(2002) pp 122, 171, 379, 502; Alan Brinkley, ''Voices of Protest'' (1984) p 127; Michael Kazin, ''The Populist Persuasion'' (1995) pp 109, 123.</ref>		Coughlin was the most prominent Roman Catholic speaker on political and financial issues, with a radio audience that reached 30 million people every week on 60 stations.<ref>''Lessons from the Great Depression for Dummies'', By Steve Wiegand, page 147</ref> When he began criticizing the New Deal, Roosevelt sent [[Joseph P. Kennedy]] and [[Frank Murphy]], prominent Irish Catholics, to try to tone him down. Ignoring them, Coughlin began denouncing Roosevelt as a tool of Wall Street. Coughlin supported [[Huey Long]] until Long was assassinated in 1935, and then supported [[William Lemke]]'s third party in 1936. As Coughlin turned into a bitter opponent of the New Deal, his radio talks escalated in vehemence against Roosevelt, [[capitalists]] and "jewish conspirators". He was initially supported, and later – after turning on Roosevelt - opposed in his efforts by another nationally known priest, [[Monsignor]] [[John A. Ryan]].<ref>{{cite web \|last=Turrini \|first=Joseph M. \|title=Catholic Social Reform and the New Deal \|url=http://www.archives.gov/nhprc/annotation/march-2002/catholic-social-reform.html \|accessdate=2008-08-02}}</ref> Kennedy, who strongly supported the New Deal, warned as early as 1933 that Coughlin was "becoming a very dangerous proposition" as an opponent of Roosevelt and "an out and out [[demagogue]]." Kennedy worked with Roosevelt, Bishop [[Francis Cardinal Spellman\|Francis Spellman]] and Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (the future [[Pope Pius XII]]) in a successful effort to get the [[Holy See\|Vatican]] to silence Coughlin in 1936.<ref> Thomas Maier, ''The Kennedys: America's Emerald Kings'' (2003) pp 103-107</ref> In 1940-41, reversing his own views, Kennedy attacked the isolationism of Coughlin.<ref>Amanda Smith, ''Hostage to Fortune.''(2002) pp 122, 171, 379, 502; Alan Brinkley, ''Voices of Protest'' (1984) p 127; Michael Kazin, ''The Populist Persuasion'' (1995) pp 109, 123.</ref>

	In 1935, Coughlin proclaimed, "I have dedicated my life to fight against the heinous rottenness of modern capitalism because it robs the laborer of this world's goods. But blow for blow I shall strike against [[Communism]], because it robs us of the next world's happiness."<ref> Kazin p 109</ref> He accused Roosevelt of "leaning toward international [[socialism]] on the [[Spanish Civil War\|Spanish question]]." As Michael Kazin notes, Coughlinites saw Wall Street and [[Communism]] as twin faces of a secular [[Satan]]. Coughlinites believed that they were defending those people who cohered more through piety, economic frustration, and a common dread of powerful, modernizing enemies than through any class identity.<ref> Kazin p 112</ref>		In 1935, Coughlin proclaimed, "I have dedicated my life to fight against the heinous rottenness of modern capitalism because it robs the laborer of this world's goods. But blow for blow I shall strike against [[Communism]], because it robs us of the next world's happiness."<ref> Kazin p 109</ref> He accused Roosevelt of "leaning toward international [[socialism]] on the [[Spanish Civil War\|Spanish question]]." As Michael Kazin notes, Coughlinites saw Wall Street and [[Communism]] as twin faces of a secular [[Satan]]. Coughlinites believed that they were defending those people who cohered more through piety, economic frustration, and a common dread of powerful, modernizing enemies than through any class identity.<ref> Kazin p 112</ref>

	==Opposition to ~~Jewish~~ supremacism==		==Opposition to jewish supremacism==
	After the 1936 election, Coughlin increasingly expressed sympathy for the governments of [[Adolf Hitler\|Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini\|Mussolini]] as an antidote to [[Bolshevism]].<ref>http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcoughlinE.htm</ref> His CBS radio broadcasts advocated gentile self-defense in the face of [[~~Jewish~~ supremacy]]. He blamed the Depression on an "international conspiracy of ~~Jewish~~ bankers", and also said that ~~Jewish~~ bankers were behind the [[Russian Revolution of 1917\|Russian Revolution]]. On November 27, 1938, he said "There can be no doubt that the Russian Revolution ... was launched and fomented by distinctively ~~Jewish~~ influence."		After the 1936 election, Coughlin increasingly expressed sympathy for the governments of [[Adolf Hitler\|Hitler]] and [[Benito Mussolini\|Mussolini]] as an antidote to [[Bolshevism]].<ref>http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcoughlinE.htm</ref> His CBS radio broadcasts advocated gentile self-defense in the face of [[jewish supremacy]]. He blamed the Depression on an "international conspiracy of jewish bankers", and also said that jewish bankers were behind the [[Russian Revolution of 1917\|Russian Revolution]]. On November 27, 1938, he said "There can be no doubt that the Russian Revolution ... was launched and fomented by distinctively jewish influence."

	He began publication of a newspaper, ''[[Social Justice]]'', during this period, in which he printed ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]''. Coughlin claimed that [[Marxism]] in Europe was a ~~Jewish~~ plot. At a rally in the Bronx in 1938, he gave a [[Roman salute]] and said, "When we get through with the ~~Jews~~ in America, they'll think the treatment they received in [[Germany]] was nothing." <ref>[[William Manchester]] ''[[The Glory And The Dream]]'', 1974, Bantam Books, p. 176.</ref>		He began publication of a newspaper, ''[[Social Justice]]'', during this period, in which he printed ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]''. Coughlin claimed that [[Marxism]] in Europe was a jewish plot. At a rally in the Bronx in 1938, he gave a [[Roman salute]] and said, "When we get through with the jews in America, they'll think the treatment they received in [[Germany]] was nothing." <ref>[[William Manchester]] ''[[The Glory And The Dream]]'', 1974, Bantam Books, p. 176.</ref>

	On November 20, 1938, two weeks after [[Kristallnacht]], when ~~Jewish~~ businesses were attacked, Coughlin said "~~Jewish~~ persecution only followed after [[Christians]] first were persecuted."<ref>Marc Dollinger (2000): ''Quest for Inclusion''. Princeton University Press. p.66</ref> After this speech some radio stations, including those in [[New York]] and [[Chicago]], began refusing to air his speeches without pre-approved scripts; in New York, his programs were cancelled by WINS and WMCA, leaving Coughlin to broadcasting on the [[Newark, New Jersey\|Newark]] part-time station WHBI. This made news in [[Germany]], where papers ran headlines claiming "America Is Not Allowed to Hear the Truth". On December 18, 1938 two thousand of Coughlin's followers marched in New York protesting potential asylum law changes that would allow more [[~~Jews~~]] into the US. The protests continued for several months.		On November 20, 1938, two weeks after [[Kristallnacht]], when jewish businesses were attacked, Coughlin said "jewish persecution only followed after [[Christians]] first were persecuted."<ref>Marc Dollinger (2000): ''Quest for Inclusion''. Princeton University Press. p.66</ref> After this speech some radio stations, including those in [[New York]] and [[Chicago]], began refusing to air his speeches without pre-approved scripts; in New York, his programs were cancelled by WINS and WMCA, leaving Coughlin to broadcasting on the [[Newark, New Jersey\|Newark]] part-time station WHBI. This made news in [[Germany]], where papers ran headlines claiming "America Is Not Allowed to Hear the Truth". On December 18, 1938 two thousand of Coughlin's followers marched in New York protesting potential asylum law changes that would allow more [[jews]] into the US. The protests continued for several months.

	After the NUSJ ended in 1937 Coughlin began to support a [[christian]] organization called the [[Christian Front]]. In January 1940, the Christian Front was shut down for allegedly plotting to overthrow the government of the United States. Coughlin publicly stated, after the plot was discovered, that he still did not "disassociate himself from the movement", and though he was never linked directly to the plot, his reputation suffered a fatal decline.<ref>''New York Times'', January 22, 1940</ref>		After the NUSJ ended in 1937 Coughlin began to support a [[christian]] organization called the [[Christian Front]]. In January 1940, the Christian Front was shut down for allegedly plotting to overthrow the government of the United States. Coughlin publicly stated, after the plot was discovered, that he still did not "disassociate himself from the movement", and though he was never linked directly to the plot, his reputation suffered a fatal decline.<ref>''New York Times'', January 22, 1940</ref>
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	* ''America has been led to a crossroads. One leads to Communism, the other to Fascism. I take the road to Fascism.''		* ''America has been led to a crossroads. One leads to Communism, the other to Fascism. I take the road to Fascism.''

	* ''"The theory that gold is sacred, gold is wealth, gold is more precious than men and the homes in which they live, is the theory of the European ~~Jew~~.''		* ''"The theory that gold is sacred, gold is wealth, gold is more precious than men and the homes in which they live, is the theory of the European jew.''

	* ''Democracy! A mockery that mouths the word and obstructs every effort on the part of an honest people to establish a government for the welfare of the people. Democracy! A cloak under which to hide the culprits who have built up an inorganic tumor of government that is sapping away the wealth of its citizens through confiscatory taxation.''		* ''Democracy! A mockery that mouths the word and obstructs every effort on the part of an honest people to establish a government for the welfare of the people. Democracy! A cloak under which to hide the culprits who have built up an inorganic tumor of government that is sapping away the wealth of its citizens through confiscatory taxation.''

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