Charles Lindbergh - Revision history

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	[[Category:America First Committee]]		[[Category:America First Committee]]


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	[[File:Charles Lindbergh 1.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|Charles A. Lindbergh]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh 1.png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles A. Lindbergh]]
	'''Charles Augustus Lindbergh''' (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. He is one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Before the [[United States]] entered [[World War II]], Lindbergh was an advocate of [[non-interventionism]].		'''Charles Augustus Lindbergh''' (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. He is one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Before the [[United States]] entered [[World War II]], Lindbergh was an advocate of [[non-interventionism]].

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	==Life==		==Life==
	[[File:Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh with the the custom-built, single-engine, single-seat, high-wing monoplane "Spirit of St. Louis" (formally the Ryan NYP, registration: N-X-211) prior to his flight.]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh with the the custom-built, single-engine, single-seat, high-wing monoplane "Spirit of St. Louis" (formally the Ryan NYP, registration: N-X-211) prior to his flight.]]
	[[File:Hermann Göring presents a medal and a honour sword to Charles A. Lindbergh on 18 October 1938.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|[[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Hermann Göring]] presents Colonel Lindbergh (holding Göring's famous wedding [[sword]]) with the [[Order of the German Eagle]] on 18 October 1938.]]		[[File:Hermann Göring presents a medal and a honour sword to Charles A. Lindbergh on 18 October 1938.png\|thumb\|300px\|[[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Hermann Göring]] presents Colonel Lindbergh (holding Göring's famous wedding [[sword]]) with the [[Order of the German Eagle]] on 18 October 1938.]]
	[[File:Charles Lindbergh address a rally of the America First Committee in October 1941..~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh address a rally of the America First Committee in October 1941]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh address a rally of the America First Committee in October 1941..png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh address a rally of the America First Committee in October 1941]]
	===Early life===		===Early life===
	Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit, Michigan]], on February 4, 1902, and spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. He was the only child of Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Månsson; 1859–1924), who had emigrated from [[Sweden]] to Melrose, Minnesota, as an infant, and Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954) of Detroit. The couple separated in 1909 when Lindbergh was seven years old. His father, a U.S. [[Congressman]] (R-MN-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of the few congressmen to oppose the entry of the U.S. into [[World War I]] (although his congressional term ended one month before the House of Representatives voted to declare war on Germany). His father's book ''Why Is Your Country at War?'', which criticized the nation's entry into the war, was seized by federal agents under the Comstock Act. It was later posthumously reprinted and issued in 1934 under the title ''Your Country at War'', and ''What Happens to You After a War''.		Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit, Michigan]], on February 4, 1902, and spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. He was the only child of Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Månsson; 1859–1924), who had emigrated from [[Sweden]] to Melrose, Minnesota, as an infant, and Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954) of Detroit. The couple separated in 1909 when Lindbergh was seven years old. His father, a U.S. [[Congressman]] (R-MN-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of the few congressmen to oppose the entry of the U.S. into [[World War I]] (although his congressional term ended one month before the House of Representatives voted to declare war on Germany). His father's book ''Why Is Your Country at War?'', which criticized the nation's entry into the war, was seized by federal agents under the Comstock Act. It was later posthumously reprinted and issued in 1934 under the title ''Your Country at War'', and ''What Happens to You After a War''.

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	~~[[Category:Americans]]~~
	~~[[Category:American activists]]~~
	[[Category:Authors]]		[[Category:Authors]]
	[[Category:Aviators]]		[[Category:Aviators]]
	[[Category:Peace activists]]		[[Category:Peace activists]]
	~~[[Category:American eugenicists]]~~
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	===World War II===		===World War II===

	In 1941, he joined the [[America First Committee]], an organization that opposed voluntary American entry into [[World War II]]. Lindbergh became a leading spokesman for the committee. He criticized President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s foreign policies. He also charged that British, [[~~Jewish~~]], and pro-Roosevelt groups were leading America into war. Lindbergh resigned his commission in the Army Air Corps after Roosevelt publicly denounced him. Some Americans accused Lindbergh of being pro-Germany because he refused to return the medal he had accepted.		In 1941, he joined the [[America First Committee]], an organization that opposed voluntary American entry into [[World War II]]. Lindbergh became a leading spokesman for the committee. He criticized President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s foreign policies. He also charged that British, [[jewish]], and pro-Roosevelt groups were leading America into war. Lindbergh resigned his commission in the Army Air Corps after Roosevelt publicly denounced him. Some Americans accused Lindbergh of being pro-Germany because he refused to return the medal he had accepted.

	After the Japanese attacked [[Pearl Harbor]] on Dec. 7, 1941, Lindbergh stopped his non-involvement activity. He tried to re-enlist, but his request was refused. He then served as a technical adviser and test pilot for the Ford Motor Company and United Aircraft Corporation. In April 1944, Lindbergh went to the Pacific war area as an adviser to the United States Army and Navy. Although he was a civilian, he flew about 50 combat missions. Lindbergh introduced engine-leaning techniques to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling the long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer-range missions.		After the Japanese attacked [[Pearl Harbor]] on Dec. 7, 1941, Lindbergh stopped his non-involvement activity. He tried to re-enlist, but his request was refused. He then served as a technical adviser and test pilot for the Ford Motor Company and United Aircraft Corporation. In April 1944, Lindbergh went to the Pacific war area as an adviser to the United States Army and Navy. Although he was a civilian, he flew about 50 combat missions. Lindbergh introduced engine-leaning techniques to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling the long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer-range missions.

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	*[https://codoh.com/library/document/war-and-peace-two-historic-speeches/en/ War and Peace: Two Historic Speeches]		*[https://codoh.com/library/document/war-and-peace-two-historic-speeches/en/ War and Peace: Two Historic Speeches]

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	[[File:Charles Lindbergh 1.png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles A. Lindbergh]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh 1.png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles A. Lindbergh]]
	'''Charles Augustus Lindbergh''' (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. He is one of ~~tbe~~ best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for ~~tbe~~ first nonstop solo flight across ~~tbe~~ [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Before ~~tbe~~ [[United States]] entered [[World War II]], Lindbergh was an advocate of [[non-interventionism]].		'''Charles Augustus Lindbergh''' (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. He is one of the best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for the first nonstop solo flight across the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Before the [[United States]] entered [[World War II]], Lindbergh was an advocate of [[non-interventionism]].

	In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist.		In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist.

	==Life==		==Life==
	[[File:Charles Lindbergh and ~~tbe~~ Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh with ~~tbe~~ the custom-built, single-engine, single-seat, high-wing monoplane "Spirit of St. Louis" (formally ~~tbe~~ Ryan NYP, registration: N-X-211) prior to his flight.]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh with the the custom-built, single-engine, single-seat, high-wing monoplane "Spirit of St. Louis" (formally the Ryan NYP, registration: N-X-211) prior to his flight.]]
	[[File:Hermann Göring presents a medal and a honour sword to Charles A. Lindbergh on 18 October 1938.png\|thumb\|300px\|[[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Hermann Göring]] presents Colonel Lindbergh (holding Göring's famous wedding [[sword]]) with ~~tbe~~ [[Order of ~~tbe~~ German Eagle]] on 18 October 1938.]]		[[File:Hermann Göring presents a medal and a honour sword to Charles A. Lindbergh on 18 October 1938.png\|thumb\|300px\|[[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Hermann Göring]] presents Colonel Lindbergh (holding Göring's famous wedding [[sword]]) with the [[Order of the German Eagle]] on 18 October 1938.]]
	[[File:Charles Lindbergh address a rally of ~~tbe~~ America First Committee in October 1941..png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh address a rally of ~~tbe~~ America First Committee in October 1941]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh address a rally of the America First Committee in October 1941..png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh address a rally of the America First Committee in October 1941]]
	===Early life===		===Early life===
	Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit, Michigan]], on February 4, 1902, and spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. He was ~~tbe~~ only child of Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Månsson; 1859–1924), who had emigrated from [[Sweden]] to Melrose, Minnesota, as an infant, and Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954) of Detroit. The couple separated in 1909 when Lindbergh was seven years old. His father, a U.S. [[Congressman]] (R-MN-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of ~~tbe~~ few congressmen to oppose ~~tbe~~ entry of ~~tbe~~ U.S. into [[World War I]] (although his congressional term ended one month before ~~tbe~~ House of Representatives voted to declare war on Germany). His father's book ''Why Is Your Country at War?'', which criticized ~~tbe~~ nation's entry into ~~tbe~~ war, was seized by federal agents under ~~tbe~~ Comstock Act. It was later posthumously reprinted and issued in 1934 under ~~tbe~~ title ''Your Country at War'', and ''What Happens to You After a War''.		Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit, Michigan]], on February 4, 1902, and spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. He was the only child of Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Månsson; 1859–1924), who had emigrated from [[Sweden]] to Melrose, Minnesota, as an infant, and Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954) of Detroit. The couple separated in 1909 when Lindbergh was seven years old. His father, a U.S. [[Congressman]] (R-MN-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of the few congressmen to oppose the entry of the U.S. into [[World War I]] (although his congressional term ended one month before the House of Representatives voted to declare war on Germany). His father's book ''Why Is Your Country at War?'', which criticized the nation's entry into the war, was seized by federal agents under the Comstock Act. It was later posthumously reprinted and issued in 1934 under the title ''Your Country at War'', and ''What Happens to You After a War''.

	Lindbergh's mother was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School, from which her son graduated on June 5, 1918. Lindbergh attended more than a dozen other schools from Washington, D.C., to California during his childhood and teenage years (none for more than a year or two), including ~~tbe~~ Force School and Sidwell Friends School while living in Washington with his father, and Redondo Union High School in Redondo Beach, California, while living there with his mother. Although he enrolled in ~~tbe~~ College of Engineering at ~~tbe~~ University of Wisconsin–Madison in late 1920, Lindbergh dropped out in ~~tbe~~ middle of his sophomore year and then went to Lincoln, Nebraska, in March 1922 to begin flight training.		Lindbergh's mother was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School, from which her son graduated on June 5, 1918. Lindbergh attended more than a dozen other schools from Washington, D.C., to California during his childhood and teenage years (none for more than a year or two), including the Force School and Sidwell Friends School while living in Washington with his father, and Redondo Union High School in Redondo Beach, California, while living there with his mother. Although he enrolled in the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in late 1920, Lindbergh dropped out in the middle of his sophomore year and then went to Lincoln, Nebraska, in March 1922 to begin flight training.

	===Transatlantic flight===		===Transatlantic flight===
	On May 20, 1927, Lindbergh took off in ~~tbe~~ Spirit of St. Louis from Roosevelt Field, near [[New York City]], at 7:52 A.M. He landed at Le Bourget Field, near [[Paris]], on May 21 at 10:21 P.M. Paris time (5:21 P.M. New York time). Thousands of cheering people had gathered to meet him. He had flown more than 3,600 miles (5,800 kilometers) in 33 1/2 hours. Lindbergh's flight thrilled people throughout ~~tbe~~ world. He was honored with awards, celebrations, and parades. President [[Calvin Coolidge]] gave Lindbergh ~~tbe~~ [[Medal of Honor]] and ~~tbe~~ [[Distinguished Flying Cross]].		On May 20, 1927, Lindbergh took off in the Spirit of St. Louis from Roosevelt Field, near [[New York City]], at 7:52 A.M. He landed at Le Bourget Field, near [[Paris]], on May 21 at 10:21 P.M. Paris time (5:21 P.M. New York time). Thousands of cheering people had gathered to meet him. He had flown more than 3,600 miles (5,800 kilometers) in 33 1/2 hours. Lindbergh's flight thrilled people throughout the world. He was honored with awards, celebrations, and parades. President [[Calvin Coolidge]] gave Lindbergh the [[Medal of Honor]] and the [[Distinguished Flying Cross]].

	===Kidnapping===		===Kidnapping===
	On March 1, 1932, ~~tbe~~ Lindberghs' 20-month-old son, Charles Augustus, Jr., was kidnapped from ~~tbe~~ family home in [[New Jersey]]. About ten weeks later, his body was found. In 1934, police arrested a carpenter, Richard Hauptmann ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Hauptmann,_Bruno_Richard de]), and charged him with ~~tbe~~ murder. Hauptmann was convicted of ~~tbe~~ crime. He was executed in 1936.		On March 1, 1932, the Lindberghs' 20-month-old son, Charles Augustus, Jr., was kidnapped from the family home in [[New Jersey]]. About ten weeks later, his body was found. In 1934, police arrested a carpenter, Richard Hauptmann ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Hauptmann,_Bruno_Richard de]), and charged him with the murder. Hauptmann was convicted of the crime. He was executed in 1936.

	The press sensationalized ~~tbe~~ tragedy. Reporters, photographers, and curious onlookers pestered ~~tbe~~ Lindberghs constantly. In 1935, after ~~tbe~~ Hauptmann trial, Lindbergh, his wife, and their 3-year-old son, Jon, moved to [[Europe]] in search of privacy and safety. The Lindbergh kidnapping led Congress to pass ~~tbe~~ "[[Lindbergh Law]]." This law makes kidnapping a federal offense if ~~tbe~~ victim is taken across state lines or if ~~tbe~~ mail service is used for ransom demands.		The press sensationalized the tragedy. Reporters, photographers, and curious onlookers pestered the Lindberghs constantly. In 1935, after the Hauptmann trial, Lindbergh, his wife, and their 3-year-old son, Jon, moved to [[Europe]] in search of privacy and safety. The Lindbergh kidnapping led Congress to pass the "[[Lindbergh Law]]." This law makes kidnapping a federal offense if the victim is taken across state lines or if the mail service is used for ransom demands.

	===In Europe (1936–1939)===		===In Europe (1936–1939)===
	While in [[Europe]], Lindbergh was invited by ~~tbe~~ governments of [[France]] and [[Germany]] to tour ~~tbe~~ aircraft industries of their countries. Lindbergh was especially impressed with ~~tbe~~ highly advanced aircraft industry of Germany. In 1938, [[Hermann Goering]], presented Lindbergh with a German medal of honor, he also received ~~tbe~~ [[Order of ~~tbe~~ German Eagle]] with Star on 18 October 1938. Lindbergh's acceptance of ~~tbe~~ medal caused an outcry later in ~~tbe~~ United States. Lindbergh and his family returned to ~~tbe~~ United States in 1939.		While in [[Europe]], Lindbergh was invited by the governments of [[France]] and [[Germany]] to tour the aircraft industries of their countries. Lindbergh was especially impressed with the highly advanced aircraft industry of Germany. In 1938, [[Hermann Goering]], presented Lindbergh with a German medal of honor, he also received the [[Order of the German Eagle]] with Star on 18 October 1938. Lindbergh's acceptance of the medal caused an outcry later in the United States. Lindbergh and his family returned to the United States in 1939.

	===World War II===		===World War II===

	In 1941, he joined ~~tbe~~ [[America First Committee]], an organization that opposed voluntary American entry into [[World War II]]. Lindbergh became a leading spokesman for ~~tbe~~ committee. He criticized President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s foreign policies. He also charged that British, [[jewish]], and pro-Roosevelt groups were leading America into war. Lindbergh resigned his commission in ~~tbe~~ Army Air Corps after Roosevelt publicly denounced him. Some Americans accused Lindbergh of being pro-Germany because he refused to return ~~tbe~~ medal he had accepted.		In 1941, he joined the [[America First Committee]], an organization that opposed voluntary American entry into [[World War II]]. Lindbergh became a leading spokesman for the committee. He criticized President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s foreign policies. He also charged that British, [[jewish]], and pro-Roosevelt groups were leading America into war. Lindbergh resigned his commission in the Army Air Corps after Roosevelt publicly denounced him. Some Americans accused Lindbergh of being pro-Germany because he refused to return the medal he had accepted.

	After ~~tbe~~ Japanese attacked [[Pearl Harbor]] on Dec. 7, 1941, Lindbergh stopped his non-involvement activity. He tried to re-enlist, but his request was refused. He then served as a technical adviser and test pilot for ~~tbe~~ Ford Motor Company and United Aircraft Corporation. In April 1944, Lindbergh went to ~~tbe~~ Pacific war area as an adviser to ~~tbe~~ United States Army and Navy. Although he was a civilian, he flew about 50 combat missions. Lindbergh introduced engine-leaning techniques to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling ~~tbe~~ long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer-range missions.		After the Japanese attacked [[Pearl Harbor]] on Dec. 7, 1941, Lindbergh stopped his non-involvement activity. He tried to re-enlist, but his request was refused. He then served as a technical adviser and test pilot for the Ford Motor Company and United Aircraft Corporation. In April 1944, Lindbergh went to the Pacific war area as an adviser to the United States Army and Navy. Although he was a civilian, he flew about 50 combat missions. Lindbergh introduced engine-leaning techniques to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling the long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer-range missions.

	===Later Years===		===Later Years===
	After ~~tbe~~ War, Lindbergh withdrew from public attention. He worked as a consultant to ~~tbe~~ chief of staff of ~~tbe~~ U.S. Air Force. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] restored Lindbergh's commission and appointed him a brigadier general in ~~tbe~~ Air Force in 1954. Pan American World Airways also hired Lindbergh as a consultant. In 1953, Lindbergh published ''The Spirit of St. Louis'', an expanded account of his 1927 transatlantic flight. The book won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1954.		After the War, Lindbergh withdrew from public attention. He worked as a consultant to the chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] restored Lindbergh's commission and appointed him a brigadier general in the Air Force in 1954. Pan American World Airways also hired Lindbergh as a consultant. In 1953, Lindbergh published ''The Spirit of St. Louis'', an expanded account of his 1927 transatlantic flight. The book won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1954.

	Lindbergh travelled widely and developed an interest in ~~tbe~~ cultures of peoples in [[Africa]] and ~~tbe~~ [[Philippines]]. In ~~tbe~~ late 1960's, he ended his years of silence to speak out for ~~tbe~~ conservation movement. He especially campaigned for ~~tbe~~ protection of humpback and blue whales, two species of whales in danger of extinction. Lindbergh opposed ~~tbe~~ development of supersonic transport planes because he feared ~~tbe~~ effects ~~tbe~~ planes might have on ~~tbe~~ earth's atmosphere.		Lindbergh travelled widely and developed an interest in the cultures of peoples in [[Africa]] and the [[Philippines]]. In the late 1960's, he ended his years of silence to speak out for the conservation movement. He especially campaigned for the protection of humpback and blue whales, two species of whales in danger of extinction. Lindbergh opposed the development of supersonic transport planes because he feared the effects the planes might have on the earth's atmosphere.

	==Death==		==Death==
	Lindbergh spent his last years on ~~tbe~~ Hawaiian island of Maui, where he died of cancer (lymphoma) on August 26, 1974, at age 72. He was buried on ~~tbe~~ grounds of ~~tbe~~ Palapala Ho'omau Church in Kipahulu, Maui.		Lindbergh spent his last years on the Hawaiian island of Maui, where he died of cancer (lymphoma) on August 26, 1974, at age 72. He was buried on the grounds of the Palapala Ho'omau Church in Kipahulu, Maui.

	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
	In order to extend his American and English pilot's license, Colonel Lindbergh visited ~~tbe~~ ''Fliegeruntersuchungsstelle'' (aviation inspection center in [[Berlin]]) of ~~tbe~~ [[Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)\|Luftwaffe]] at ~~tbe~~ request of ~~tbe~~ American Embassy in Berlin on 25 October 1938 and was examined by Oberstarzt Dr. med. [[Ernst Otto Wilhelm Koschel]]:		In order to extend his American and English pilot's license, Colonel Lindbergh visited the ''Fliegeruntersuchungsstelle'' (aviation inspection center in [[Berlin]]) of the [[Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)\|Luftwaffe]] at the request of the American Embassy in Berlin on 25 October 1938 and was examined by Oberstarzt Dr. med. [[Ernst Otto Wilhelm Koschel]]:

	<gallery widths="250" heights="250" perrow="4">		<gallery widths="250" heights="250" perrow="4">

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:10, 26 April 2024
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	[[File:Charles Lindbergh 1.png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles A. Lindbergh]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh 1.png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles A. Lindbergh]]
	'''Charles Augustus Lindbergh''' (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. He is one of ~~the~~ best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for ~~the~~ first nonstop solo flight across ~~the~~ [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Before ~~the~~ [[United States]] entered [[World War II]], Lindbergh was an advocate of [[non-interventionism]].		'''Charles Augustus Lindbergh''' (4 February 1902 – 26 August 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, and activist. He is one of tbe best-known figures in aeronautical history, remembered for tbe first nonstop solo flight across tbe [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Before tbe [[United States]] entered [[World War II]], Lindbergh was an advocate of [[non-interventionism]].

	In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist.		In his later years, Lindbergh became a prolific author, international explorer, inventor, and environmentalist.

	==Life==		==Life==
	[[File:Charles Lindbergh and ~~the~~ Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh with ~~the~~ the custom-built, single-engine, single-seat, high-wing monoplane "Spirit of St. Louis" (formally ~~the~~ Ryan NYP, registration: N-X-211) prior to his flight.]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh and tbe Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh with tbe the custom-built, single-engine, single-seat, high-wing monoplane "Spirit of St. Louis" (formally tbe Ryan NYP, registration: N-X-211) prior to his flight.]]
	[[File:Hermann Göring presents a medal and a honour sword to Charles A. Lindbergh on 18 October 1938.png\|thumb\|300px\|[[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Hermann Göring]] presents Colonel Lindbergh (holding Göring's famous wedding [[sword]]) with ~~the~~ [[Order of ~~the~~ German Eagle]] on 18 October 1938.]]		[[File:Hermann Göring presents a medal and a honour sword to Charles A. Lindbergh on 18 October 1938.png\|thumb\|300px\|[[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Hermann Göring]] presents Colonel Lindbergh (holding Göring's famous wedding [[sword]]) with tbe [[Order of tbe German Eagle]] on 18 October 1938.]]
	[[File:Charles Lindbergh address a rally of ~~the~~ America First Committee in October 1941..png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh address a rally of ~~the~~ America First Committee in October 1941]]		[[File:Charles Lindbergh address a rally of tbe America First Committee in October 1941..png\|thumb\|300px\|Charles Lindbergh address a rally of tbe America First Committee in October 1941]]
	===Early life===		===Early life===
	Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit, Michigan]], on February 4, 1902, and spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. He was ~~the~~ only child of Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Månsson; 1859–1924), who had emigrated from [[Sweden]] to Melrose, Minnesota, as an infant, and Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954) of Detroit. The couple separated in 1909 when Lindbergh was seven years old. His father, a U.S. [[Congressman]] (R-MN-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of ~~the~~ few congressmen to oppose ~~the~~ entry of ~~the~~ U.S. into [[World War I]] (although his congressional term ended one month before ~~the~~ House of Representatives voted to declare war on Germany). His father's book ''Why Is Your Country at War?'', which criticized ~~the~~ nation's entry into ~~the~~ war, was seized by federal agents under ~~the~~ Comstock Act. It was later posthumously reprinted and issued in 1934 under ~~the~~ title ''Your Country at War'', and ''What Happens to You After a War''.		Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit, Michigan]], on February 4, 1902, and spent most of his childhood in Little Falls, Minnesota, and Washington, D.C. He was tbe only child of Charles August Lindbergh (birth name Carl Månsson; 1859–1924), who had emigrated from [[Sweden]] to Melrose, Minnesota, as an infant, and Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954) of Detroit. The couple separated in 1909 when Lindbergh was seven years old. His father, a U.S. [[Congressman]] (R-MN-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of tbe few congressmen to oppose tbe entry of tbe U.S. into [[World War I]] (although his congressional term ended one month before tbe House of Representatives voted to declare war on Germany). His father's book ''Why Is Your Country at War?'', which criticized tbe nation's entry into tbe war, was seized by federal agents under tbe Comstock Act. It was later posthumously reprinted and issued in 1934 under tbe title ''Your Country at War'', and ''What Happens to You After a War''.

	Lindbergh's mother was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School, from which her son graduated on June 5, 1918. Lindbergh attended more than a dozen other schools from Washington, D.C., to California during his childhood and teenage years (none for more than a year or two), including ~~the~~ Force School and Sidwell Friends School while living in Washington with his father, and Redondo Union High School in Redondo Beach, California, while living there with his mother. Although he enrolled in ~~the~~ College of Engineering at ~~the~~ University of Wisconsin–Madison in late 1920, Lindbergh dropped out in ~~the~~ middle of his sophomore year and then went to Lincoln, Nebraska, in March 1922 to begin flight training.		Lindbergh's mother was a chemistry teacher at Cass Technical High School in Detroit and later at Little Falls High School, from which her son graduated on June 5, 1918. Lindbergh attended more than a dozen other schools from Washington, D.C., to California during his childhood and teenage years (none for more than a year or two), including tbe Force School and Sidwell Friends School while living in Washington with his father, and Redondo Union High School in Redondo Beach, California, while living there with his mother. Although he enrolled in tbe College of Engineering at tbe University of Wisconsin–Madison in late 1920, Lindbergh dropped out in tbe middle of his sophomore year and then went to Lincoln, Nebraska, in March 1922 to begin flight training.

	===Transatlantic flight===		===Transatlantic flight===
	On May 20, 1927, Lindbergh took off in ~~the~~ Spirit of St. Louis from Roosevelt Field, near [[New York City]], at 7:52 A.M. He landed at Le Bourget Field, near [[Paris]], on May 21 at 10:21 P.M. Paris time (5:21 P.M. New York time). Thousands of cheering people had gathered to meet him. He had flown more than 3,600 miles (5,800 kilometers) in 33 1/2 hours. Lindbergh's flight thrilled people throughout ~~the~~ world. He was honored with awards, celebrations, and parades. President [[Calvin Coolidge]] gave Lindbergh ~~the~~ [[Medal of Honor]] and ~~the~~ [[Distinguished Flying Cross]].		On May 20, 1927, Lindbergh took off in tbe Spirit of St. Louis from Roosevelt Field, near [[New York City]], at 7:52 A.M. He landed at Le Bourget Field, near [[Paris]], on May 21 at 10:21 P.M. Paris time (5:21 P.M. New York time). Thousands of cheering people had gathered to meet him. He had flown more than 3,600 miles (5,800 kilometers) in 33 1/2 hours. Lindbergh's flight thrilled people throughout tbe world. He was honored with awards, celebrations, and parades. President [[Calvin Coolidge]] gave Lindbergh tbe [[Medal of Honor]] and tbe [[Distinguished Flying Cross]].

	===Kidnapping===		===Kidnapping===
	On March 1, 1932, ~~the~~ Lindberghs' 20-month-old son, Charles Augustus, Jr., was kidnapped from ~~the~~ family home in [[New Jersey]]. About ten weeks later, his body was found. In 1934, police arrested a carpenter, Richard Hauptmann ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Hauptmann,_Bruno_Richard de]), and charged him with ~~the~~ murder. Hauptmann was convicted of ~~the~~ crime. He was executed in 1936.		On March 1, 1932, tbe Lindberghs' 20-month-old son, Charles Augustus, Jr., was kidnapped from tbe family home in [[New Jersey]]. About ten weeks later, his body was found. In 1934, police arrested a carpenter, Richard Hauptmann ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Hauptmann,_Bruno_Richard de]), and charged him with tbe murder. Hauptmann was convicted of tbe crime. He was executed in 1936.

	The press sensationalized ~~the~~ tragedy. Reporters, photographers, and curious onlookers pestered ~~the~~ Lindberghs constantly. In 1935, after ~~the~~ Hauptmann trial, Lindbergh, his wife, and their 3-year-old son, Jon, moved to [[Europe]] in search of privacy and safety. The Lindbergh kidnapping led Congress to pass ~~the~~ "[[Lindbergh Law]]." This law makes kidnapping a federal offense if ~~the~~ victim is taken across state lines or if ~~the~~ mail service is used for ransom demands.		The press sensationalized tbe tragedy. Reporters, photographers, and curious onlookers pestered tbe Lindberghs constantly. In 1935, after tbe Hauptmann trial, Lindbergh, his wife, and their 3-year-old son, Jon, moved to [[Europe]] in search of privacy and safety. The Lindbergh kidnapping led Congress to pass tbe "[[Lindbergh Law]]." This law makes kidnapping a federal offense if tbe victim is taken across state lines or if tbe mail service is used for ransom demands.

	===In Europe (1936–1939)===		===In Europe (1936–1939)===
	While in [[Europe]], Lindbergh was invited by ~~the~~ governments of [[France]] and [[Germany]] to tour ~~the~~ aircraft industries of their countries. Lindbergh was especially impressed with ~~the~~ highly advanced aircraft industry of Germany. In 1938, [[Hermann Goering]], presented Lindbergh with a German medal of honor, he also received ~~the~~ [[Order of ~~the~~ German Eagle]] with Star on 18 October 1938. Lindbergh's acceptance of ~~the~~ medal caused an outcry later in ~~the~~ United States. Lindbergh and his family returned to ~~the~~ United States in 1939.		While in [[Europe]], Lindbergh was invited by tbe governments of [[France]] and [[Germany]] to tour tbe aircraft industries of their countries. Lindbergh was especially impressed with tbe highly advanced aircraft industry of Germany. In 1938, [[Hermann Goering]], presented Lindbergh with a German medal of honor, he also received tbe [[Order of tbe German Eagle]] with Star on 18 October 1938. Lindbergh's acceptance of tbe medal caused an outcry later in tbe United States. Lindbergh and his family returned to tbe United States in 1939.

	===World War II===		===World War II===

	In 1941, he joined ~~the~~ [[America First Committee]], an organization that opposed voluntary American entry into [[World War II]]. Lindbergh became a leading spokesman for ~~the~~ committee. He criticized President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s foreign policies. He also charged that British, [[jewish]], and pro-Roosevelt groups were leading America into war. Lindbergh resigned his commission in ~~the~~ Army Air Corps after Roosevelt publicly denounced him. Some Americans accused Lindbergh of being pro-Germany because he refused to return ~~the~~ medal he had accepted.		In 1941, he joined tbe [[America First Committee]], an organization that opposed voluntary American entry into [[World War II]]. Lindbergh became a leading spokesman for tbe committee. He criticized President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s foreign policies. He also charged that British, [[jewish]], and pro-Roosevelt groups were leading America into war. Lindbergh resigned his commission in tbe Army Air Corps after Roosevelt publicly denounced him. Some Americans accused Lindbergh of being pro-Germany because he refused to return tbe medal he had accepted.

	After ~~the~~ Japanese attacked [[Pearl Harbor]] on Dec. 7, 1941, Lindbergh stopped his non-involvement activity. He tried to re-enlist, but his request was refused. He then served as a technical adviser and test pilot for ~~the~~ Ford Motor Company and United Aircraft Corporation. In April 1944, Lindbergh went to ~~the~~ Pacific war area as an adviser to ~~the~~ United States Army and Navy. Although he was a civilian, he flew about 50 combat missions. Lindbergh introduced engine-leaning techniques to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling ~~the~~ long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer-range missions.		After tbe Japanese attacked [[Pearl Harbor]] on Dec. 7, 1941, Lindbergh stopped his non-involvement activity. He tried to re-enlist, but his request was refused. He then served as a technical adviser and test pilot for tbe Ford Motor Company and United Aircraft Corporation. In April 1944, Lindbergh went to tbe Pacific war area as an adviser to tbe United States Army and Navy. Although he was a civilian, he flew about 50 combat missions. Lindbergh introduced engine-leaning techniques to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling tbe long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer-range missions.

	===Later Years===		===Later Years===
	After ~~the~~ War, Lindbergh withdrew from public attention. He worked as a consultant to ~~the~~ chief of staff of ~~the~~ U.S. Air Force. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] restored Lindbergh's commission and appointed him a brigadier general in ~~the~~ Air Force in 1954. Pan American World Airways also hired Lindbergh as a consultant. In 1953, Lindbergh published ''The Spirit of St. Louis'', an expanded account of his 1927 transatlantic flight. The book won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1954.		After tbe War, Lindbergh withdrew from public attention. He worked as a consultant to tbe chief of staff of tbe U.S. Air Force. President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] restored Lindbergh's commission and appointed him a brigadier general in tbe Air Force in 1954. Pan American World Airways also hired Lindbergh as a consultant. In 1953, Lindbergh published ''The Spirit of St. Louis'', an expanded account of his 1927 transatlantic flight. The book won a [[Pulitzer Prize]] in 1954.

	Lindbergh travelled widely and developed an interest in ~~the~~ cultures of peoples in [[Africa]] and ~~the~~ [[Philippines]]. In ~~the~~ late 1960's, he ended his years of silence to speak out for ~~the~~ conservation movement. He especially campaigned for ~~the~~ protection of humpback and blue whales, two species of whales in danger of extinction. Lindbergh opposed ~~the~~ development of supersonic transport planes because he feared ~~the~~ effects ~~the~~ planes might have on ~~the~~ earth's atmosphere.		Lindbergh travelled widely and developed an interest in tbe cultures of peoples in [[Africa]] and tbe [[Philippines]]. In tbe late 1960's, he ended his years of silence to speak out for tbe conservation movement. He especially campaigned for tbe protection of humpback and blue whales, two species of whales in danger of extinction. Lindbergh opposed tbe development of supersonic transport planes because he feared tbe effects tbe planes might have on tbe earth's atmosphere.

	==Death==		==Death==
	Lindbergh spent his last years on ~~the~~ Hawaiian island of Maui, where he died of cancer (lymphoma) on August 26, 1974, at age 72. He was buried on ~~the~~ grounds of ~~the~~ Palapala Ho'omau Church in Kipahulu, Maui.		Lindbergh spent his last years on tbe Hawaiian island of Maui, where he died of cancer (lymphoma) on August 26, 1974, at age 72. He was buried on tbe grounds of tbe Palapala Ho'omau Church in Kipahulu, Maui.

	==Gallery==		==Gallery==
	In order to extend his American and English pilot's license, Colonel Lindbergh visited ~~the~~ ''Fliegeruntersuchungsstelle'' (aviation inspection center in [[Berlin]]) of ~~the~~ [[Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)\|Luftwaffe]] at ~~the~~ request of ~~the~~ American Embassy in Berlin on 25 October 1938 and was examined by Oberstarzt Dr. med. [[Ernst Otto Wilhelm Koschel]]:		In order to extend his American and English pilot's license, Colonel Lindbergh visited tbe ''Fliegeruntersuchungsstelle'' (aviation inspection center in [[Berlin]]) of tbe [[Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)\|Luftwaffe]] at tbe request of tbe American Embassy in Berlin on 25 October 1938 and was examined by Oberstarzt Dr. med. [[Ernst Otto Wilhelm Koschel]]:

	<gallery widths="250" heights="250" perrow="4">		<gallery widths="250" heights="250" perrow="4">