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	<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Deductive-nomological_model</id>
	<title>Deductive-nomological model - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Deductive-nomological_model"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-19T20:02:46Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.39.2</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=57628&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Bacchus: Text replacement - &quot;tbe &quot; to &quot;the &quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=57628&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-04-29T00:19:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;tbe &amp;quot; to &amp;quot;the &amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:19, 28 April 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;1960s, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was rather accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;conditions and axioms stated. Together with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;1960s, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was rather accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;conditions and axioms stated. Together with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bacchus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=56389&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Bacchus: Text replacement - &quot; the &quot; to &quot; tbe &quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=56389&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-04-26T17:21:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot; the &amp;quot; to &amp;quot; tbe &amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 08:21, 26 April 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;1960s, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was rather accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;conditions and axioms stated. Together with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;1960s, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was rather accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;conditions and axioms stated. Together with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bacchus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=22638&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - &quot;tbe&quot; to &quot;the&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=22638&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-09-13T00:21:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;tbe&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;the&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:21, 12 September 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;1960s, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetbeless&lt;/del&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ratber &lt;/del&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Togetber &lt;/del&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;1960s, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetheless&lt;/ins&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rather &lt;/ins&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Together &lt;/ins&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=22385&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Bacchus: Text replacement - &quot;the&quot; to &quot;tbe&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=22385&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-09-08T21:40:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;the&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;tbe&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:40, 8 September 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;1960s, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetheless&lt;/del&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rather &lt;/del&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Together &lt;/del&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;1960s, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetbeless&lt;/ins&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ratber &lt;/ins&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Togetber &lt;/ins&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bacchus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=20760&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiSysop: Text replacement - &quot; The &quot; to &quot; the &quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=20760&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-02-27T08:44:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot; The &amp;quot; to &amp;quot; the &amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:44, 26 February 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or the covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of the phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or the covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or post diction of the phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive the phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive the phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in the 1960s, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was rather accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of the conditions and axioms stated. Together with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in the 1960s, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was rather accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of the conditions and axioms stated. Together with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiSysop</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=20505&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Rightof Genghiskhan at 04:39, 27 February 2023</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=20505&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-02-27T04:39:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:39, 26 February 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, The Hempel–Oppenheim model, The Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;postdiction &lt;/del&gt;of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, The Hempel–Oppenheim model, The Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;post diction &lt;/ins&gt;of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of The DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, The DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of The DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, The DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;1960s, The DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;NoneTheless&lt;/del&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;raTher &lt;/del&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In The early 1980s, a revision to The DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/del&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;TogeTher &lt;/del&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], The DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;1960s, The DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetheless&lt;/ins&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rather &lt;/ins&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In The early 1980s, a revision to The DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Together &lt;/ins&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], The DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[Theory]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Rightof Genghiskhan</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=17312&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>WikiSysop: Text replacement - &quot;tbe&quot; to &quot;The&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=17312&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-02-14T08:01:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;tbe&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;The&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:01, 13 February 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or postdiction of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or postdiction of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;1960s, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetbeless&lt;/del&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ratber &lt;/del&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Togetber &lt;/del&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbeory&lt;/del&gt;]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;1960s, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;NoneTheless&lt;/ins&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;raTher &lt;/ins&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;TogeTher &lt;/ins&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Theory&lt;/ins&gt;]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>WikiSysop</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=16943&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Bacchus: Text replacement - &quot;the&quot; to &quot;tbe&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=16943&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-02-13T21:53:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;the&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;tbe&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:53, 13 February 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or postdiction of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or postdiction of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;1960s, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetheless&lt;/del&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rather &lt;/del&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Together &lt;/del&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/del&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;theory&lt;/del&gt;]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;1960s, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetbeless&lt;/ins&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ratber &lt;/ins&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Togetber &lt;/ins&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/ins&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbeory&lt;/ins&gt;]].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bacchus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=16788&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Bacchus: Text replacement - &quot;theory&quot; to &quot;theory&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=16788&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-02-10T06:02:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;theory&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;&lt;a href=&quot;/index.php/Theory&quot; title=&quot;Theory&quot;&gt;theory&lt;/a&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:02, 9 February 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of the DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive the phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, the DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of the DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive the phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, the DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in the 1960s, the DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was rather accurate when applied to modern physics. In the early 1980s, a revision to the DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of the conditions and axioms stated. Together with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], the DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption theory.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in the 1960s, the DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was rather accurate when applied to modern physics. In the early 1980s, a revision to the DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of the conditions and axioms stated. Together with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], the DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;theory&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bacchus</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=16351&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Bacchus: Text replacement - &quot;tbe&quot; to &quot;the&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://fascipedia.org/index.php?title=Deductive-nomological_model&amp;diff=16351&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-02-06T11:23:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Text replacement - &amp;quot;tbe&amp;quot; to &amp;quot;the&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:23, 6 February 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or postdiction of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The '''deductive-nomological model''' (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Hempel–Oppenheim model, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Popper–Hempel model, or &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, &amp;quot;Why...?&amp;quot;. The DN model poses scientific explanation as a deductive structure, one where truth of its premises entails truth of its conclusion, hinged on accurate prediction or postdiction of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon to be explained.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because of problems concerning humans' ability to define, discover, and know causality, this was omitted in initial formulations of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model. [[Causality]] was thought to be incidentally approximated by realistic selection of premises that derive &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;phenomenon of interest from observed starting conditions plus general laws. Still, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model formally permitted causally irrelevant factors. Also, derivability from observations and laws sometimes yielded absurd answers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;1960s, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetbeless&lt;/del&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ratber &lt;/del&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Togetber &lt;/del&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbe &lt;/del&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tbeory&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;When logical [[empiricism]] fell out of favor in &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;1960s, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model was widely seen as a flawed or greatly incomplete model of scientific explanation. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nonetheless&lt;/ins&gt;, it remained an idealized version of scientific explanation, and one that was &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rather &lt;/ins&gt;accurate when applied to modern physics. In &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;early 1980s, a revision to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model emphasized maximal specificity for relevance of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;conditions and axioms stated. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Together &lt;/ins&gt;with Hempel's [[inductive-statistical model]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;DN model forms scientific explanation's covering law model, which is also termed, from critical angle, subsumption &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;theory&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Definitions]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Bacchus</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>