Europeans - Revision history

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	[[Category:Europeans]]		[[Category:Europeans]]

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	[[File:Europe satellite bright.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|350px\|Satellite image of Europe showing geographic barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.]]		[[File:Europe satellite bright.png\|thumb\|350px\|Satellite image of Europe showing geographic barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.]]

	The European race formed from proto-European peoples migrating into the western landmass of [[Eurasia]]; they later were isolated from other races by natural barriers such as the [[Mediterranean Sea]], the [[Black Sea]], and the [[Ural Mountains]]. This isolation created a distinct genetic group inside [[Europe]].		The European race formed from proto-European peoples migrating into the western landmass of [[Eurasia]]; they later were isolated from other races by natural barriers such as the [[Mediterranean Sea]], the [[Black Sea]], and the [[Ural Mountains]]. This isolation created a distinct genetic group inside [[Europe]].
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	<gallery widths="330" heights="200" perrow="3">		<gallery widths="330" heights="200" perrow="3">
	File:Journal.pone.0005472.g002.png\|Several diagrams showing different levels of genetic structure. The top left diagram shows Europeans forming a cluster clearly distinct from Han Chinese from Beijing (CHB), Japanese from Tokyo (JPT), and Yoruba from [[Nigeria]] (YRI). American [[Utah]] residents with ancestry from Northern and Western Europe (CEU) form a cluster within the Europeans. The bottom left diagram shows clusters within the European cluster.<ref>Nelis M, Esko T, Mägi R, Zimprich F, Zimprich A, Toncheva D, et al. (2009) Genetic Structure of Europeans: A View from the North–East. PLoS ONE 4(5): e5472. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005472</ref>		File:Journal.pone.0005472.g002.png\|Several diagrams showing different levels of genetic structure. The top left diagram shows Europeans forming a cluster clearly distinct from Han Chinese from Beijing (CHB), Japanese from Tokyo (JPT), and Yoruba from [[Nigeria]] (YRI). American [[Utah]] residents with ancestry from Northern and Western Europe (CEU) form a cluster within the Europeans. The bottom left diagram shows clusters within the European cluster.<ref>Nelis M, Esko T, Mägi R, Zimprich F, Zimprich A, Toncheva D, et al. (2009) Genetic Structure of Europeans: A View from the North–East. PLoS ONE 4(5): e5472. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005472</ref>
	Image:Journal.pgen.0020143.g004.~~jpg~~\|Diagram from a 2006 study showing the result of a factor analysis of genetic data from Maya [[Amerindian]]s, Italians, Spaniards, Swedes, and three different groups of European Americans (of Western, Central, and Eastern European descent) according to a 2006 study. The Maya Amerindians are clearly distinct from the Europeans.<ref>Seldin MF, Shigeta R, Villoslada P, Selmi C, Tuomilehto J, et al. (2006) European Population Substructure: Clustering of Northern and Southern Populations. PLoS Genet 2(9): e143. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020143 http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0020143</ref> The Maya Amerindians have been stated to have some European admixture.<ref name=split>Pickrell JK, Pritchard JK (2012) Inference of Population Splits and Mixtures from Genome-Wide Allele Frequency Data. PLoS Genet 8(11): e1002967. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002967 http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1002967</ref> This likely means that the difference between Europeans and Amerindians was even larger before this admixture.<br><br>		Image:Journal.pgen.0020143.g004.png\|Diagram from a 2006 study showing the result of a factor analysis of genetic data from Maya [[Amerindian]]s, Italians, Spaniards, Swedes, and three different groups of European Americans (of Western, Central, and Eastern European descent) according to a 2006 study. The Maya Amerindians are clearly distinct from the Europeans.<ref>Seldin MF, Shigeta R, Villoslada P, Selmi C, Tuomilehto J, et al. (2006) European Population Substructure: Clustering of Northern and Southern Populations. PLoS Genet 2(9): e143. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020143 http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0020143</ref> The Maya Amerindians have been stated to have some European admixture.<ref name=split>Pickrell JK, Pritchard JK (2012) Inference of Population Splits and Mixtures from Genome-Wide Allele Frequency Data. PLoS Genet 8(11): e1002967. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002967 http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1002967</ref> This likely means that the difference between Europeans and Amerindians was even larger before this admixture.<br><br>

	Genetic distances between Europeans are much smaller than genetic distances between major races.<ref>Tian, Chao, et al. "European population genetic substructure: further definition of ancestry informative markers for distinguishing among diverse European ethnic groups." Mol Med 15.11-12 (2009): 371-383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730349/</ref> This can be interpreted as Europeans being genetically similar and having common genetic interests which may have contributed to [[White nationalism]].		Genetic distances between Europeans are much smaller than genetic distances between major races.<ref>Tian, Chao, et al. "European population genetic substructure: further definition of ancestry informative markers for distinguishing among diverse European ethnic groups." Mol Med 15.11-12 (2009): 371-383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730349/</ref> This can be interpreted as Europeans being genetically similar and having common genetic interests which may have contributed to [[White nationalism]].
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	==Quotes==		==Quotes==
	[[File:Thank White people.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|280px\|[[White pride\|Thank White people for]]: [...] ]]		[[File:Thank White people.png\|thumb\|280px\|[[White pride\|Thank White people for]]: [...] ]]
	* ''"The greatest and most beautiful things of this Earth have been made by White people. We should love ourselves. We should love the Life Force that moves in us, and has made us what we are — a unique life stream like no other, and with a destiny that is ours alone. [...] Love Your Race. Everything depends on it. And nothing else matters."'' – [[Kevin Alfred Strom]], in: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210410133012/http://nationalvanguard.org/2015/02/love-your-race/ ''Love Your Race''], 2015		* ''"The greatest and most beautiful things of this Earth have been made by White people. We should love ourselves. We should love the Life Force that moves in us, and has made us what we are — a unique life stream like no other, and with a destiny that is ours alone. [...] Love Your Race. Everything depends on it. And nothing else matters."'' – [[Kevin Alfred Strom]], in: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210410133012/http://nationalvanguard.org/2015/02/love-your-race/ ''Love Your Race''], 2015

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	[[Category:Ethnicities, nationalities, and races]]		[[Category:Ethnicities, nationalities, and races]]
	~~[[Category:White peoples]]~~
	[[Category:Europeans]]		[[Category:Europeans]]

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	Genetic distances between Europeans are much smaller than genetic distances between major races.<ref>Tian, Chao, et al. "European population genetic substructure: further definition of ancestry informative markers for distinguishing among diverse European ethnic groups." Mol Med 15.11-12 (2009): 371-383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730349/</ref> This can be interpreted as Europeans being genetically similar and having common genetic interests which may have contributed to [[White nationalism]].		Genetic distances between Europeans are much smaller than genetic distances between major races.<ref>Tian, Chao, et al. "European population genetic substructure: further definition of ancestry informative markers for distinguishing among diverse European ethnic groups." Mol Med 15.11-12 (2009): 371-383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730349/</ref> This can be interpreted as Europeans being genetically similar and having common genetic interests which may have contributed to [[White nationalism]].
	File:GeneticMapWestEurasians.png\|right\|A principal component analysis plot of West Eurasians. A significant genetic discontinuity is observed between Greeks and Turks and more generally there is genetic discontinuity between Europeans and West Asians which support the existence of a distinct European race. [[Ashkenazi ~~Jews~~]] are between the European and West Asian clusters (likely partly due to [[miscegenation]]) and other groups of ~~Jews~~ are more towards the West Asian side.		File:GeneticMapWestEurasians.png\|right\|A principal component analysis plot of West Eurasians. A significant genetic discontinuity is observed between Greeks and Turks and more generally there is genetic discontinuity between Europeans and West Asians which support the existence of a distinct European race. [[Ashkenazi jews]] are between the European and West Asian clusters (likely partly due to [[miscegenation]]) and other groups of jews are more towards the West Asian side.
	<br><br> Other genetic maps of Europeans can be found in the "External links" section.		<br><br> Other genetic maps of Europeans can be found in the "External links" section.

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:Ethnicities, nationalities, and races]]		[[Category:Ethnicities, nationalities, and races]]

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[[File:Europe satellite bright.jpg|thumb|350px|Satellite image of Europe showing geographic barriers such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.]]

The European race formed from proto-European peoples migrating into the western landmass of [[Eurasia]]; they later were isolated from other races by natural barriers such as the [[Mediterranean Sea]], the [[Black Sea]], and the [[Ural Mountains]]. This isolation created a distinct genetic group inside [[Europe]].

The '''Europeans''' (Whites) are a major [[race]]. They are the indigenous peoples of [[Europe]] and also have descendants living around the world, including in the [[Americas]], [[Oceania]], [[Siberia]] and [[South Africa]]. The European peoples are known for the creating the civilisations of [[Ancient Greece]] and [[Ancient Rome]] as well as for creating most of the known scientific and technological advances.

Most speak [[Indo-European]] languages. Since the 4th century many Europeans have followed [[Christianity]], but there are also [[pagan]] religions and traditions in their culture.

==Definition==
{{Template:Specific races}}
Terms such as [[Caucasoids]] or Caucasians are sometimes used as synonyms for Europeans.

== Ancestral populations ==
Genetic studies have found evidence for three ancestral populations of present day Europeans: ancient European hunter-gatherers, early European farmer (who migrated from the origin of agriculture in the Near East around 10,000 years ago), and ancient north Eurasians (who started migrating around 5,000 years ago).<ref>Lazaridis I, Patterson N, Mittnik A, Renaud G, Mallick S, Kirsanow K et al. (2014) Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans. ''Nature'' 513 (7518):409-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13673 http://pubmed.gov/25230663</ref><ref>Fernández E, Pérez-Pérez A, Gamba C, Prats E, Cuesta P, et al. (2014) Ancient DNA Analysis of 8000 B.C. Near Eastern Farmers Supports an Early Neolithic Pioneer Maritime Colonization of Mainland Europe through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands. PLoS Genet 10(6): e1004401. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004401. http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004401</ref>

However, the presence, degree of spread, and persistence of the early farmer from the Near East have been questioned.<ref>The past is another country http://www.evoandproud.blogspot.de/search/label/neolithichttp://www.evoandproud.blogspot.de/2015/08/the-past-is-another-country.html</ref><ref>Replacement or continuity? http://www.evoandproud.blogspot.de/2014/02/replacement-or-continuity.html</ref><ref>Were native Europeans replaced? http://www.evoandproud.blogspot.de/2011/12/were-native-europeans-replaced.html</ref>

The ancient north Eurasians may be the group who according to the Kurgan hypothesis lived in the Russian steppe, spoke the first [[Indo-European]] language, and who caused the spread of many new technologies and new cultural/religious institutions over Europe.

A minority view is that it was the early European farmer who spread the Indo-European languages.<ref>Bouckaert R, Lemey P, Dunn M, Greenhill SJ, Alekseyenko AV, Drummond AJ et al., (2012) ''Mapping the origins and expansion of the Indo-European language family'' in ''Science'' 337 (6097):957-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1219669 http://pubmed.gov/22923579</ref>

[[Aryan]] is a term that early Indo-European speakers used to designate themselves.

That Europeans thousands of years ago had ancestors from somewhat different groups (but still related West Eurasian groups) has sometimes been argued to be an argument against Europeans being a race. Regarding this, see [[Race#Mixed_race_groups|Race: Mixed race groups]].

==Subgroups==
"Coon, Garn, and Birdsell (1950), Cole (1965), and a number of other anthropologists have sub-divided the Europeans into seven sub-races consisting of the
* Mediterranean peoples of Spain, Italy, and southeast Europe;
* the Alpine peoples of France and central and southern Germany;
* the [[Nordic race|Nordic peoples]] of England, the east of Ireland, and Scotland, the Netherlands, Belgium and Northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Western Finland;
* the [[Celtic]] peoples of Wales, the west of Ireland, and the western highlands of Scotland;
* the Dinaric peoples of east-central Europe;
* the [[Slavic]] peoples of northern Poland, the Baltic states, and Russia west of the Urals; and the
* Basques of northern Spain and southwest France."<ref name=RDII>Lynn, Richard. (2006). ''Race Differences in Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis''. Augusta, GA: Washington Summit Publishers.</ref>

==White demographics==
[[White demographics]] are adversely and rapidly affected by [[mass immigration]] of non-Whites, low birth rates, and [[race mixing]]. Terms for these changes include the [[Great Replacement]].

===Gallery===
<gallery widths="330" heights="200" perrow="3">
File:Journal.pone.0005472.g002.png|Several diagrams showing different levels of genetic structure. The top left diagram shows Europeans forming a cluster clearly distinct from Han Chinese from Beijing (CHB), Japanese from Tokyo (JPT), and Yoruba from [[Nigeria]] (YRI). American [[Utah]] residents with ancestry from Northern and Western Europe (CEU) form a cluster within the Europeans. The bottom left diagram shows clusters within the European cluster.<ref>Nelis M, Esko T, Mägi R, Zimprich F, Zimprich A, Toncheva D, et al. (2009) Genetic Structure of Europeans: A View from the North–East. PLoS ONE 4(5): e5472. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005472</ref>
Image:Journal.pgen.0020143.g004.jpg|Diagram from a 2006 study showing the result of a factor analysis of genetic data from Maya [[Amerindian]]s, Italians, Spaniards, Swedes, and three different groups of European Americans (of Western, Central, and Eastern European descent) according to a 2006 study. The Maya Amerindians are clearly distinct from the Europeans.<ref>Seldin MF, Shigeta R, Villoslada P, Selmi C, Tuomilehto J, et al. (2006) European Population Substructure: Clustering of Northern and Southern Populations. PLoS Genet 2(9): e143. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020143 http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.0020143</ref> The Maya Amerindians have been stated to have some European admixture.<ref name=split>Pickrell JK, Pritchard JK (2012) Inference of Population Splits and Mixtures from Genome-Wide Allele Frequency Data. PLoS Genet 8(11): e1002967. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002967 http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1002967</ref> This likely means that the difference between Europeans and Amerindians was even larger before this admixture.<br><br>

Genetic distances between Europeans are much smaller than genetic distances between major races.<ref>Tian, Chao, et al. "European population genetic substructure: further definition of ancestry informative markers for distinguishing among diverse European ethnic groups." Mol Med 15.11-12 (2009): 371-383. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2730349/</ref> This can be interpreted as Europeans being genetically similar and having common genetic interests which may have contributed to [[White nationalism]].
File:GeneticMapWestEurasians.png|right|A principal component analysis plot of West Eurasians. A significant genetic discontinuity is observed between Greeks and Turks and more generally there is genetic discontinuity between Europeans and West Asians which support the existence of a distinct European race. [[Ashkenazi Jews]] are between the European and West Asian clusters (likely partly due to [[miscegenation]]) and other groups of Jews are more towards the West Asian side.
<br><br> Other genetic maps of Europeans can be found in the "External links" section.

</gallery>

==Quotes==
[[File:Thank White people.jpg|thumb|280px|[[White pride|Thank White people for]]: [...] ]]
* ''"The greatest and most beautiful things of this Earth have been made by White people. We should love ourselves. We should love the Life Force that moves in us, and has made us what we are — a unique life stream like no other, and with a destiny that is ours alone. [...] Love Your Race. Everything depends on it. And nothing else matters."'' – [[Kevin Alfred Strom]], in: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210410133012/http://nationalvanguard.org/2015/02/love-your-race/ ''Love Your Race''], 2015

==See also==
Europeans are discussed in many different articles on many different topics in Metapedia. Some examples are in many of the articles listed in:
*[[Template:Race differences|Race differences]]
*[[Template:White guilt|White guilt]]

== External links ==
*[https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2020/06/28/the-indigenous-europeans-consisted-of-three-distinct-white-population-movements/ The Indigenous Europeans Consisted of Three Distinct White Population Movements]

=== Genetic maps ===
*[http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2008/11/more-genetic-maps-of-europe/ More genetic maps of Europe]
*[http://www.gnxp.com/blog/2008/08/european-population-substructurefinns.php European population substructure]
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/13/science/13visual.html?_r=0 The Genetic Map of Europe]
*[http://dienekes.blogspot.nl/2011/01/genetic-map-of-west-eurasians.html A genetic map of West Eurasians]
*[http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2010/07/really-fine-grained-genetic-maps-of-europe/ Really fine grained genetic maps of Europe]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Ethnicities, nationalities, and races]]
[[Category:White peoples]]
[[Category:Europeans]]
[[Category:Races of Europe]]
[[de:Europide]]
[[es:Raza blanca]]
[[sk:Biela rasa]]
[[nl:Blanke ras]]