Fascist Manifesto - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 22:49, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T22:49:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:49, 29 May 2025
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist\|2}}

			[[Category:History]]
			[[Category:Papers]]

Bacchus: /* The Manifesto in practice */

2025-05-29T22:41:24Z

The Manifesto in practice

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:41, 29 May 2025
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	* The revision of all military contracts and the seizure of 85 percent of the profits therein.		* The revision of all military contracts and the seizure of 85 percent of the profits therein.

	~~==The Manifesto in practice==~~
	Of the Manifesto's proposals, the commitment to corporative organisation of economic interests was to be the longest lasting. Far from becoming a medium of extended democracy, [[Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy\|parliament]] became by law an exclusively Fascist-picked body in 1929; being replaced by the "chamber of corporations" a decade later.

	Fascism's pacifist foreign policy ceased during its first year of Italian government. In September 1923, the [[Corfu crisis]] demonstrated the regime's willingness to use force internationally. Perhaps the greatest success of Fascist diplomacy was the [[Lateran Treaty]] of February 1929, which accepted the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the Church. This ended the 59-year-old dispute between Italy and the [[Papacy]].

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist\|2}}

Bacchus at 22:36, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T22:36:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 29 May 2025
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	"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" (Italian) "Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento", commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism\|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism\|futurist]] poet [[Filippo Marinetti]].		"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" (''Italian: "Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"''), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism\|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism\|futurist]] poet [[Filippo Marinetti]].

	==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==		==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==

Bacchus at 22:35, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T22:35:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 29 May 2025
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	"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" (~~{{lang-it\|~~"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"~~\|italics=no}})~~, commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism\|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism\|futurist]] poet [[Filippo Marinetti]].		"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" (Italian) "Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento", commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism\|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism\|futurist]] poet [[Filippo Marinetti]].

	==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==		==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==

Bacchus at 22:32, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T22:32:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 29 May 2025
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	"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it\|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"\|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism\|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism\|futurist ~~poet~~]] [[Filippo Marinetti]].		"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it\|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"\|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism\|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism\|futurist]] poet [[Filippo Marinetti]].

	==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==		==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==

Bacchus at 22:31, 29 May 2025

2025-05-29T22:31:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:31, 29 May 2025
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	"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it\|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"\|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in [[Milan]] by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian ~~Fascism\|~~Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism\|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism ~~(literature)~~\|futurist poet]] [[Filippo Marinetti]].		"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it\|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"\|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in Milan by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism\|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism\|futurist poet]] [[Filippo Marinetti]].

	==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==		==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	~~[[Category:Manifestos]]~~
	~~[[Category:Fascism]]~~

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

2024-02-07T03:52:46Z

Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:Manifestos]]		[[Category:Manifestos]]
	[[Category:Fascism]]		[[Category:Fascism]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-06T22:11:35Z

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← Older revision	Revision as of 13:11, 6 February 2024
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en>Estellenation: Created page with ""'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''..."

2022-08-03T16:02:03Z

Created page with ""'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''..."

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"'''The Manifesto of the Italian Fasces of Combat'''" ({{lang-it|"Il manifesto dei fasci italiani di combattimento"|italics=no}}), commonly known as the '''Fascist Manifesto''', was the initial declaration of the political stance of the ''[[Fasci Italiani di Combattimento]]'' ("Italian Fasces of Combat") the movement founded in [[Milan]] by [[Benito Mussolini]] in 1919 and an early exponent of [[Italian Fascism|Fascism]]. The Manifesto was authored by [[National syndicalism|national syndicalist]] [[Alceste De Ambris]] and the [[Futurism (literature)|futurist poet]] [[Filippo Marinetti]].

==Contents of the Fascist Manifesto==
The Manifesto (published in ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia]]'' on June 6, 1919) is divided into four sections, describing the movement's objectives in political, social, military and financial fields.<ref>{{cite web|title=Il manifesto dei fasci di combattimento|url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/regno76/testi/manifesti/Il%20manifesto%20dei%20fasci%20di%20combattimento.htm|access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>

Politically, the Manifesto calls for:
* Universal suffrage with a lowered voting age to 18 years, and voting and electoral office eligibility for all ages 25 and up;
* Proportional representation on a regional basis;
* Voting for women;
* Representation at government level of newly created national councils by economic sector;
* The abolition of the Italian Senate (at the time, the Senate, as the upper house of parliament, was by process elected by the wealthier citizens, but were in reality direct appointments by the king. It has been described as a sort of extended council of the crown);
* The formation of a national council of experts for labor, for industry, for transportation, for the public health, for communications, etc. Selections to be made of professionals or of tradesmen with legislative powers, and elected directly to a general commission with ministerial powers.

In labor and social policy, the Manifesto calls for:
* The quick enactment of a law of the state that sanctions an eight-hour workday for all workers;
* A [[minimum wage]];
* The participation of workers' representatives in the functions of industry commissions;
* To show the same confidence in the labor unions (that prove to be technically and morally worthy) as is given to industry executives or public servants;
* Reorganization of the railways and the public transport sector;
* Revision of the draft law on invalidity insurance;
* Reduction of the retirement age from 65 to 55.

In military affairs, the Manifesto advocates:
* Creation of a short-service national militia with specifically defensive responsibilities;
* Armaments factories are to be nationalized;
* A peaceful but competitive foreign policy.

In finance, the Manifesto advocates:
* A strong progressive tax on capital (envisaging a “partial expropriation” of concentrated wealth);
* The seizure of all the possessions of the religious congregations and the abolition of all the bishoprics, which constitute an enormous liability on the Nation and on the privileges of the poor;
* Revision of all contracts for military provisions;
* The revision of all military contracts and the seizure of 85 percent of the profits therein.

==The Manifesto in practice==
Of the Manifesto's proposals, the commitment to corporative organisation of economic interests was to be the longest lasting. Far from becoming a medium of extended democracy, [[Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy|parliament]] became by law an exclusively Fascist-picked body in 1929; being replaced by the "chamber of corporations" a decade later.

Fascism's pacifist foreign policy ceased during its first year of Italian government. In September 1923, the [[Corfu crisis]] demonstrated the regime's willingness to use force internationally. Perhaps the greatest success of Fascist diplomacy was the [[Lateran Treaty]] of February 1929, which accepted the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the Church. This ended the 59-year-old dispute between Italy and the [[Papacy]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Manifestos]]
[[Category:Fascism]]