German colonies - Revision history

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	~~[[fr:Empire colonial allemand]]~~

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

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[[Image:Deutsche Kolonien.PNG|thumb|right|350px|German colonies throughout history:
{{legend|#0000AA|German Empire}}
{{legend|#5577FF|Colonies of the German Empire}}
{{legend|#FF0000|Prussian-Brandenburg colonies}}
{{legend|#FFFF00|Klein-Venedig ("Little Venice")}}]]
[[File:Ankunft der Brandenburger in Westafrika, 1682.jpg|thumb|350px|Arrival of the [[Brandenburger]]s in West Africa, 1682; in the foreground [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Groeben,_Otto_Friedrich_von_der Major von der Groeben] ]]
This is a list of former '''German colonies''' ({{lang-de|Deutsche Kolonien}}) and protectorates ({{lang-de|Schutzgebiete}}) established by [[Brandenburg-Prussia]], the [[Habsburg Monarchy]], and the [[German Empire]].

== Brandenburg–Prussian colonies ==
[[File:Deutsche Afrikaforscher.jpg|thumb|350px|Africa expeditions, here a German one, relied on well-payed bearers ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4ger_(Expedition) ''Träger'']), sometimes hundreds at a time.]]
[[File:Schutztruppe uniform.jpg|thumb|350px|''[[Schutztruppe]]'' [[uniform]] with [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Schutztruppenhut ''Schutztruppenhut''] (above) and [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Tropenhelm ''Tropenhelm''] (below)]]
[[File:Askari-on-March.jpg|thumb|350px|Loyal and brave [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Askari Askari] march to battle for Imperial Germany, the [[Wilhelm II Hohenzollern, German Emperor|Kaiser]] and [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck|General von Lettow-Vorbeck]], the "Lion of Africa" (German: ''Löwe von Afrika''), in [[German East Africa]].]]
These were colonies unsuccessfully settled by [[Brandenburg]]-[[Prussia]] (part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]), since 1701 [[Kingdom of Prussia]], and before the foundation of the [[German Empire]] in 1871.
=== Africa ===
*[[Groß Friedrichsburg]] (in [[Ghana]]), 1683–1718
*[[Arguin]] (in [[Mauritania]]), 1685–1721
*[[Ouidah|Whydah]] (in present [[Bénin]]), circa 1700
**this Brandenburg 'colony' was just a minor point of support, a few dwellings at a site co-inhabited by [[British]] and [[Dutch]]

=== North America ===
These territories were held briefly under lease or occupation during the early European colonizations of the [[New World]]:

*[[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands|Saint Thomas]]. Leased by Brandenburg from the [[Danish West India Company]], 1685–1720.
*[[Vieques, Puerto Rico|Island of Crabs]] (''Krabbeninsel'' in German) (Caribbean, now US), Brandenburg annexation in the [[Danish West Indies]], 1689–1693
*[[Tertholen]] (Caribbean), 1696. Occupation.

== Habsburg Monarchy colonies ==
These were colonies of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]] (part of the [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]]), since 1804 [[Austrian Empire]], since 1867 [[Austria-Hungary]]:

* [[Ostend Company|Banquibazar & Cabelon]] (1719/23–1744/50)<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India.htm#Ostend Ostend East India Company]</ref>
* [[Nicobar islands]] (1778–1783)<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/COLONIES.html#Austrian Index of Colonies and Dependencies]</ref>
* [[Concessions in Tianjin#Austro-Hungarian concession (1901–1917)|Tientsin concession]] (1901–1917)

== Imperial German colonies ==
[[File:German officers in drill formation with colonial troops at the German Government Station, Ebolowa, Cameroon, West Africa. Ca. 1915..jpeg|thumb|350px|German officers in drill formation with native colonial troops ([[Reichsneger]]) at the German Government Station, Ebolowa, [[German Kamerun]], West Africa. Ca. 1915.]]
These are colonies settled by and controlled by the [[German Empire]] from 1884 to 1919 which constituted the [[German Colonial Empire]] and were taken from Germany under the [[Treaty of Versailles]] in 1919.

=== Africa ===
[[File:Colonie allemande 2.jpg|right|360px]]
The following were German African protectorates:
* [[German East Africa]] (''Deutsch-Ostafrika''):
**[[Tanganyika]]. In 1922 became a [[League of Nations mandate]] under the [[United Kingdom]]. In 1961 became independent and in 1964 joined with former British [[protectorate]] of the sultanate of [[Zanzibar]] to form present-day [[Tanzania]]
**[[Ruanda-Urundi]] (1885–1917) – present-day [[Rwanda]] and [[Burundi]] after Belgian mandate period
**[[Wituland]] (1885–1890) – since 1890 in [[Kenya]]
**[[Kionga Triangle]] – since 1920 (earlier occupied) in Portuguese [[Mozambique]]
*[[German South West Africa]] (1884–1915/1919; ''Deutsch-Südwestafrika'') – present-day [[Namibia]] (except then-British [[Walvis Bay]]) and part of [[Botswana]] ([[Caprivi Strip|Südrand des Caprivi-Zipfels]])
** See also: [[Hottentot War]]
* [[German West Africa]] (Deutsch-Westafrika) – existed as one unit only for two or three years, then split into two colonies due to distances:
**[[Kamerun]] (1884–1914) – after World War I, separated into
*** a British part, [[Cameroons]], later split in half, with one part joining [[Nigeria]] and the other becoming part of modern [[Cameroon]].
****Kamerun, Nigeria-Ostteil, Tschad-Südwestteil, Zentralafrikanische Republik-Westteil, Republik Kongo-Nordostteil, Gabun-Nordteil
*** a French [[Cameroun]], which became present [[Cameroon]].
**[[Togoland]] (1884–1914) – after World War I it separated into two :
*** a British part (Ghana-Westteil), which joined [[Ghana]]
*** a French part, which became [[Togo]] republic, because of the Treaty of Versailles in World War 1

=== Pacific ===
These were German colonies in the Pacific:

*[[German New Guinea]] (''Deutsch-Neuguinea'') (1884–1914/1919) and [[Micronesia]] (later incorporated into the German New Guinea)
**[[Kaiser-Wilhelmsland]]
**[[Bismarck Archipelago]] (''Bismarck-Archipel'')
**[[German Solomon Islands]] or Northern Solomon Islands (''Salomonen'' or ''Nördliche Salomon-Inseln'') (1885–1899)
**[[Bougainville Island]] (''Bougainville-Insel'') (1888–1919)
**[[Nauru]] (1888–1919)
**[[Marshall Islands]] (''Marschall-Inseln'') (1885–1919)
**[[Mariana Islands]] (''Marianen'') (1899–1919) – present-day [[Northern Mariana Islands]]
**[[Caroline Islands]] (''Karolinen'') (1899–1919) – present-day [[Federated States of Micronesia]] and [[Palau]]
*[[German Samoa]] (''Deutsch-Samoa'') (1899–1914) – present-day [[Samoa]]

=== China ===
German concessions in China, leased to it by the Imperial [[Qing Dynasty]]:

* Kiautschou Territory and '''[[Tsingtau]]''' (1898–1919)
** Occupied by Japan from Nov 1914. Returned to China by them in 1922.
* Certain rights only in '''Chefoo''' (c1870–1917)
** today called Yantai.

==See also==
* [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck]]
* [[Hermann Detzner]]

==Further reading==

* Dr. Heinrich Schnee ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Schnee,_Heinrich de]):
**[https://archive.org/details/germancolonizati0000drhe/mode/2up ''German Colonization - Past & Future – The Truth About the German Colonies''], London 1926 ([https://ia902505.us.archive.org/2/items/germancolonizati0000drhe/germancolonizati0000drhe.pdf PDF]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20220707173323/https://www.wintersonnenwende.com/scriptorium/english/archives/germancolonization/gcpf00.html at wintersonnenwende.com/])
**''Unsere Kolonien'' ([http://archive.org/download/unserekolonien00schnuoft/unserekolonien00schnuoft.pdf PDF])
**''Die koloniale Schuldlüge'', Knorr & Hirth, München 1924 ([http://www.wintersonnenwende.com/scriptorium/deutsch/archiv/kolonialeschuldluege/ksl00.html HTML])
**''Die deutschen Kolonien vor, in und nach dem Kriege'', Quelle und Meyer, Leipzig 1935
* Prof. Bruce Gilley: ''In Defense of German Colonialism – And How Its Critics Empowered Nazis, Communists, and the Enemies of the West'', 2019
** German edition: [https://web.archive.org/web/20221025012105/https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Verteidigung_des_deutschen_Kolonialismus ''Verteidigung des deutschen Kolonialismus''], 2021
** See also [https://web.archive.org/web/20220814041814/https://lawliberty.org/book-review/colonialism-reconsidered/ ''Colonialism Reconsidered''] from Jesse Russell, 2022

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:German colonies| ]]
[[Category:Former German colonies| ]]
[[Category:World War I]]
[[Category:Colonialism]]
[[Category:Germany]]
[[Category:German history]]
[[Category:Treaty of Versailles]]

[[de:Deutsche Kolonien]]
[[fr:Empire colonial allemand]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 22 February 2024
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	{{legend\|#FF0000\|Prussian-Brandenburg colonies}}		{{legend\|#FF0000\|Prussian-Brandenburg colonies}}
	{{legend\|#FFFF00\|Klein-Venedig ("Little Venice")}}]]		{{legend\|#FFFF00\|Klein-Venedig ("Little Venice")}}]]
	[[File:Ankunft der Brandenburger in Westafrika, 1682.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|350px\|Arrival of the [[Brandenburger]]s in West Africa, 1682; in the foreground [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Groeben,_Otto_Friedrich_von_der Major von der Groeben] ]]		[[File:Ankunft der Brandenburger in Westafrika, 1682.png\|thumb\|350px\|Arrival of the [[Brandenburger]]s in West Africa, 1682; in the foreground [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Groeben,_Otto_Friedrich_von_der Major von der Groeben] ]]
	This is a list of former '''German colonies''' ({{lang-de\|Deutsche Kolonien}}) and protectorates ({{lang-de\|Schutzgebiete}}) established by [[Brandenburg-Prussia]], the [[Habsburg Monarchy]], and the [[German Empire]].		This is a list of former '''German colonies''' ({{lang-de\|Deutsche Kolonien}}) and protectorates ({{lang-de\|Schutzgebiete}}) established by [[Brandenburg-Prussia]], the [[Habsburg Monarchy]], and the [[German Empire]].

	== Brandenburg–Prussian colonies ==		== Brandenburg–Prussian colonies ==
	[[File:Deutsche Afrikaforscher.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|350px\|Africa expeditions, here a German one, relied on well-payed bearers ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4ger_(Expedition) ''Träger'']), sometimes hundreds at a time.]]		[[File:Deutsche Afrikaforscher.png\|thumb\|350px\|Africa expeditions, here a German one, relied on well-payed bearers ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4ger_(Expedition) ''Träger'']), sometimes hundreds at a time.]]
	[[File:Schutztruppe uniform.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|350px\|''[[Schutztruppe]]'' [[uniform]] with [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Schutztruppenhut ''Schutztruppenhut''] (above) and [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Tropenhelm ''Tropenhelm''] (below)]]		[[File:Schutztruppe uniform.png\|thumb\|350px\|''[[Schutztruppe]]'' [[uniform]] with [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Schutztruppenhut ''Schutztruppenhut''] (above) and [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Tropenhelm ''Tropenhelm''] (below)]]
	[[File:Askari-on-March.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|350px\|Loyal and brave [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Askari Askari] march to battle for Imperial Germany, the [[Wilhelm II Hohenzollern, German Emperor\|Kaiser]] and [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck\|General von Lettow-Vorbeck]], the "Lion of Africa" (German: ''Löwe von Afrika''), in [[German East Africa]].]]		[[File:Askari-on-March.png\|thumb\|350px\|Loyal and brave [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Askari Askari] march to battle for Imperial Germany, the [[Wilhelm II Hohenzollern, German Emperor\|Kaiser]] and [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck\|General von Lettow-Vorbeck]], the "Lion of Africa" (German: ''Löwe von Afrika''), in [[German East Africa]].]]
	These were colonies unsuccessfully settled by [[Brandenburg]]-[[Prussia]] (part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]), since 1701 [[Kingdom of Prussia]], and before the foundation of the [[German Empire]] in 1871.		These were colonies unsuccessfully settled by [[Brandenburg]]-[[Prussia]] (part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]), since 1701 [[Kingdom of Prussia]], and before the foundation of the [[German Empire]] in 1871.
	=== Africa ===		=== Africa ===
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	=== Africa ===		=== Africa ===
	[[File:Colonie allemande 2.~~jpg~~\|right\|360px]]		[[File:Colonie allemande 2.png\|right\|360px]]
	The following were German African protectorates:		The following were German African protectorates:
	* [[German East Africa]] (''Deutsch-Ostafrika''):		* [[German East Africa]] (''Deutsch-Ostafrika''):