Gordon Brown - Revision history

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en>Estellenation at 22:36, 12 July 2021

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[[File:Gordon Brown.png|thumb|200px|Gordon Brown]]
'''James Gordon Brown''' (born 20 February 1951) is a [[British people|British]] [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour politician]], who was the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] and [[Labour Party (UK)#Leaders of the Labour Party since 1906|Leader]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] between 2007 and 2010. Brown became Prime Minister in June 2007, after the resignation of [[Tony Blair]] and three days after becoming leader of the governing Labour Party. Immediately before this he had served as [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] in the Labour Government from 1997 to 2007 under Tony Blair. His tenure ended in May 2010, when he officially resigned as Prime Minister and leader of the Labour Party.

Brown has a PhD in History from the [[University of Edinburgh]] and spent his early career working as a television journalist.<ref name="bbc-phd">{{cite news | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/4347369.stm | title= Brown seeks out 'British values' | author= Kearney, Martha | date= 14 March 2005 | accessdate= 23 January 2008 | work= BBC News | publisher= BBC }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6743875.stm | title= The Gordon Brown story | date= 27 June 2007 | accessdate= 11 July 2009 | work= BBC News | publisher= BBC }}</ref> He has been a [[Member of Parliament]] since 1983; first for [[Dunfermline East (UK Parliament constituency)|Dunfermline East]] and since 2005 for [[Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath]].<ref name="npm">{{cite news | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6245682.stm | title= Brown is UK's new prime minister | date= 27 June 2007 | accessdate= 23 January 2008 | work= BBC News | publisher= BBC }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/mpdb/html/712.stm | title= Gordon Brown | date= 19 November 2007 | accessdate= 23 January 2008 | work= BBC News | publisher= BBC }}</ref> As Prime Minister, he also held the offices of [[First Lord of the Treasury]] and the [[Minister for the Civil Service]].

Brown's time as Chancellor was marked by major reform of Britain's monetary and fiscal policy architecture, transferring interest rate setting powers to the [[Bank of England]], by a wide extension of the powers of the [[HM Treasury|Treasury]] to cover much domestic policy and by transferring responsibility for banking supervision to the [[Financial Services Authority]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/financialstability/mou.pdf | title= Memorandum of Understanding between HM Treasury, the Bank of England and the Financial Services Authority | year= 1997| accessdate= 16 July 2009 | work= HM Treasury, Bank of England, FSA | publisher= }}</ref> Controversial moves included the abolition of [[advance corporation tax]] (ACT) relief in his first budget,<ref>{{cite news|last=Halligan |first=Liam |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1531448/Brown's-raid-on-pensions-costs-Britain-andpound100-billion.html |title=Brown's raid on pensions costs Britain £100 billion |publisher=Telegraph |date=16 October 2006 |accessdate=27 February 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2002/jul/22/money.politics|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=4 August 2008|title=Pension blame falls on Brown | first=Heather | last=Stewart | date=22 July 2002}}</ref> and the removal in his final budget of the 10% "starting rate" of personal income tax which he had introduced in 1999.<ref name=10pence>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2008/apr/21/economy.labour|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=4 August 2008|title=Q&A: 10p tax rate cut | first=Anil | last=Dawar | date=21 April 2008}}</ref>

After initial rises in opinion polls,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=6018|title=New British PM gives party biggest poll lead in two years |publisher=The Philippine Star|access date|19 July 2009|date=|15 July 2007}}</ref> Labour performed poorly in local and European election results in 2009.<ref name="timesonline1">{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6440935.ece|title=Labour suffers wipeout in its worst local election results|publisher=The Times|accessdate=21 June 2009 | date=6 June 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8088133.stm Labour slumps to historic defeat], BBC News, 8 June 2009</ref> A year later, Labour achieved the second highest number of seats in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] at the 2010 general election but lost 91 seats, which resulted in a [[hung parliament]].<ref name=GBKC2010>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/constituency/840.stm General Election 2010 - Kirkcaldy & Cowdenbeath] BBC News</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/election_2010/8667071.stm Election 2010: First hung parliament in UK for decades] BBC News, 7 May 2010</ref> On 10 May 2010, Brown announced he would stand down as leader of the Labour Party, and instructed the party to put into motion the processes to elect a new leader. On 11 May 2010, Brown officially resigned as Prime Minister and leader of the Labour Party. He was succeeded by [[David Cameron]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/election_2010/8675913.stm Gordon Brown resigns as UK prime minister], [[BBC]], May 11, 2010.</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom]]

==References==
<references/>

{{wikipedia}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:British politicians]]
[[Category:British Prime Ministers]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK)]]
[[Category:1951 births]]

[[es:Gordon Brown]]