Great Sedition Trial - Revision history

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	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	[[Category:History]]		[[Category:History]]
	~~[[Category:jewish history]]~~

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	The '''Great [[Sedition]] Trial of 1944''' was a [[political]] [[show trial]] engineered by the [[American ~~Jewish~~ Committee]], [[ADL]],<ref>[https://archive.is/20130506055952/www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-23512327_ITM "FDR's patriot purge", ''The New American'', June 16, 2003]</ref> and [[B'nai B'rith]]<ref>[http://www.thebirdman.org/Index/Others/Others-Doc-History/+Doc-History-WW2Period/SeditionTrialOf1944.htm A MOCKERY OF JUSTICE- THE GREAT SEDITION TRIAL OF 1944]</ref> with the purpose of imprisoning [[anti-communist]] patriots who opposed [[FDR]] and his schemes to bring the country into [[WWAC]] ([[World War II]]). The [[Smith Act of 1940]] was used to prosecute the defendants. The case was designated as ''[[United States]] v. McWilliams'' where the defendants were charged with conspiracy to aid in establishment of a [[National Socialist]] form of [[government]] within the United States and attempting to demoralize the armed forces of the United States. A conviction carried a $10,000 fine and ten years imprisonment.<ref>''Newsweek'' May 1, 1944</ref>		The '''Great [[Sedition]] Trial of 1944''' was a [[political]] [[show trial]] engineered by the [[American jewish Committee]], [[ADL]],<ref>[https://archive.is/20130506055952/www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-23512327_ITM "FDR's patriot purge", ''The New American'', June 16, 2003]</ref> and [[B'nai B'rith]]<ref>[http://www.thebirdman.org/Index/Others/Others-Doc-History/+Doc-History-WW2Period/SeditionTrialOf1944.htm A MOCKERY OF JUSTICE- THE GREAT SEDITION TRIAL OF 1944]</ref> with the purpose of imprisoning [[anti-communist]] patriots who opposed [[FDR]] and his schemes to bring the country into [[WWAC]] ([[World War II]]). The [[Smith Act of 1940]] was used to prosecute the defendants. The case was designated as ''[[United States]] v. McWilliams'' where the defendants were charged with conspiracy to aid in establishment of a [[National Socialist]] form of [[government]] within the United States and attempting to demoralize the armed forces of the United States. A conviction carried a $10,000 fine and ten years imprisonment.<ref>''Newsweek'' May 1, 1944</ref>
	The entire case was declared a mistrial after the presiding judge suddenly died. Months later another judge dismissed the charges against the defendants and called the case "a travesty on [[justice]]."<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 122]</ref>		The entire case was declared a mistrial after the presiding judge suddenly died. Months later another judge dismissed the charges against the defendants and called the case "a travesty on [[justice]]."<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 122]</ref>

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	In total 42 [[people]] and one newspaper, ''[[The New York Evening Enquirer]]'', were indicted by three separate grand juries. The first two indictments issued in 1942 and 1943 failed to come to trial. By the [[time]] trial began on April 17, 1944 with the third indictment, there were 30 defendants: 28 men and two women. The trial was held in Washington's Federal District Court building in a small air conditioned courtroom (40 x 38 ft.) and lasted seven months.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774917-1,00.html "U.S. At War: The Curtain Rise", ''Time'', May 1, 1944]</ref>		In total 42 [[people]] and one newspaper, ''[[The New York Evening Enquirer]]'', were indicted by three separate grand juries. The first two indictments issued in 1942 and 1943 failed to come to trial. By the [[time]] trial began on April 17, 1944 with the third indictment, there were 30 defendants: 28 men and two women. The trial was held in Washington's Federal District Court building in a small air conditioned courtroom (40 x 38 ft.) and lasted seven months.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774917-1,00.html "U.S. At War: The Curtain Rise", ''Time'', May 1, 1944]</ref>

	===~~Jewish~~ Pressure===		===jewish Pressure===
	[[~~Jews~~]] played an instrumental role in pressing for the indictments.		[[jews]] played an instrumental role in pressing for the indictments.
	A United Press report stated,		A United Press report stated,

	''Under pressure from [[~~Jewish~~]] organizations, to judge from articles appearing in publications put out by ~~Jews~~ for ~~Jews~~, the new indictment even more than the first was drawn to include criticisms of ~~Jews~~ as "sedition." It appeared that a main purpose of the whole procedure, along with outlawing unfavorable comments on the administration, was to set a legal precedent of judicial interpretations and severe penalties which would serve to exempt ~~Jews~~ in [[America]] from all public mention except praise, in contrast to the traditional [[American]] viewpoint which holds that all who take part in public affairs must be ready to accept full free public discussion, either pro or con.''		''Under pressure from [[jewish]] organizations, to judge from articles appearing in publications put out by jews for jews, the new indictment even more than the first was drawn to include criticisms of jews as "sedition." It appeared that a main purpose of the whole procedure, along with outlawing unfavorable comments on the administration, was to set a legal precedent of judicial interpretations and severe penalties which would serve to exempt jews in [[America]] from all public mention except praise, in contrast to the traditional [[American]] viewpoint which holds that all who take part in public affairs must be ready to accept full free public discussion, either pro or con.''

	The first indictment was a total ~~Jewish~~ affair with prosecuting attorney William P. Maloney in constant contact with the [[ADL]] and coordinating the investigations.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/foia_Kamp_Joseph_P.-HQ-14/Kamp_Joseph_P.-HQ-14#page/n82/mode/1up ''The Smear Campaign'' by Joseph P. Kamp]</ref>		The first indictment was a total jewish affair with prosecuting attorney William P. Maloney in constant contact with the [[ADL]] and coordinating the investigations.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/foia_Kamp_Joseph_P.-HQ-14/Kamp_Joseph_P.-HQ-14#page/n82/mode/1up ''The Smear Campaign'' by Joseph P. Kamp]</ref>

	===First indictment: July 21, 1942===		===First indictment: July 21, 1942===
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	==Defendants==		==Defendants==
	The defendants were a collection of [[American fascist]]s, [[isolationist]]s, [[socialist]]s, [[pacifist]]s, [[nativist]]s, [[anti-Semite]]s, and [[German American Bund]] [[leaders]] with an ideological attachment to the [[National Socialist Germany\|New Germany]]. The final indictment included five groups of individuals. One group consisted of Washington lobbyists and registered agents for [[Germany]]. Another group were authors who had written books in support of [[fascism]] or political treatises that connected the [[~~Jew~~]]s to [[Communism]]. Publishers were another group--some with a small newsletter circulation, [[others]] such as the magazine ''[[The Defender]]'' had a monthly readership of over a hundred thousand. Also indicted were the leaders of various fascist organizations -- again some with limited influence, but groups like the [[Silver Legion of America]] lead by William Dudley Pelley were well organized on a national level. The final group was the [[German American Bund]] members, the two top leaders [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze\|Kunze]] and [[August Klapprott\|Klapprott]], along with three from the California branch on the west coast. [[Elizabeth Dilling]]'s lawyer quipped the [[Germans]] were added to give the jury a “sauerkraut” flavor to the trial.<ref>Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944, page 181</ref>		The defendants were a collection of [[American fascist]]s, [[isolationist]]s, [[socialist]]s, [[pacifist]]s, [[nativist]]s, [[anti-Semite]]s, and [[German American Bund]] [[leaders]] with an ideological attachment to the [[National Socialist Germany\|New Germany]]. The final indictment included five groups of individuals. One group consisted of Washington lobbyists and registered agents for [[Germany]]. Another group were authors who had written books in support of [[fascism]] or political treatises that connected the [[jew]]s to [[Communism]]. Publishers were another group--some with a small newsletter circulation, [[others]] such as the magazine ''[[The Defender]]'' had a monthly readership of over a hundred thousand. Also indicted were the leaders of various fascist organizations -- again some with limited influence, but groups like the [[Silver Legion of America]] lead by William Dudley Pelley were well organized on a national level. The final group was the [[German American Bund]] members, the two top leaders [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze\|Kunze]] and [[August Klapprott\|Klapprott]], along with three from the California branch on the west coast. [[Elizabeth Dilling]]'s lawyer quipped the [[Germans]] were added to give the jury a “sauerkraut” flavor to the trial.<ref>Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944, page 181</ref>

	With the exception of [[Lawrence Dennis]], [[Prescott Dennett]], and [[George Viereck]] all were anti-Semites to one degree or another. [[James True]], [[Frank W. Clark]], and [[Lois de Lafayette Washburn]] favored the death of ~~Jews~~. Others like William Dudley Pelley favored restricting ~~Jews~~ to certain geographical areas within America or isolating them to one city per state.<ref>''[[Right-wing]] [[populism]] in America: too close for comfort'', by Chip Berlet and [[Matthew Nemiroff Lyons]], p. 133</ref> Reverend Winrod saw “bad” ~~Jews~~ who should be condemned and “good” ~~Jews~~ who could be converted.<ref>''American Political Trials'', by Michal R. Belknap, page 185.</ref> Most of the defendants viewed the ~~Jews~~ as untrustworthy and carriers of the political virus of Communism.		With the exception of [[Lawrence Dennis]], [[Prescott Dennett]], and [[George Viereck]] all were anti-Semites to one degree or another. [[James True]], [[Frank W. Clark]], and [[Lois de Lafayette Washburn]] favored the death of jews. Others like William Dudley Pelley favored restricting jews to certain geographical areas within America or isolating them to one city per state.<ref>''[[Right-wing]] [[populism]] in America: too close for comfort'', by Chip Berlet and [[Matthew Nemiroff Lyons]], p. 133</ref> Reverend Winrod saw “bad” jews who should be condemned and “good” jews who could be converted.<ref>''American Political Trials'', by Michal R. Belknap, page 185.</ref> Most of the defendants viewed the jews as untrustworthy and carriers of the political virus of Communism.

	Several of the defendants [[Ellis Jones]], [[Robert Noble]], [[William Dudley Pelley]], [[George Viereck]], [[Franz K. Ferenz]] and [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze]] were in prison for previous sedition convictions or violations of the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]]. At the time of the trial, [[Hans Diebel]] and [[Herman Schwinn]] were being held as enemy aliens. One elderly defendant, [[Elmer J. Garner]], died three weeks after the start of the proceedings. [[James True]] and [[David Baxter]] were severed from the trial due to health reasons and physical ailments. [[Robert Noble]] was severed from the trial for unruly conduct. The trial lasted 119 days with a two-week summer break.<ref>''Newsweek'' December 11, 1944, p 44</ref>		Several of the defendants [[Ellis Jones]], [[Robert Noble]], [[William Dudley Pelley]], [[George Viereck]], [[Franz K. Ferenz]] and [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze]] were in prison for previous sedition convictions or violations of the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]]. At the time of the trial, [[Hans Diebel]] and [[Herman Schwinn]] were being held as enemy aliens. One elderly defendant, [[Elmer J. Garner]], died three weeks after the start of the proceedings. [[James True]] and [[David Baxter]] were severed from the trial due to health reasons and physical ailments. [[Robert Noble]] was severed from the trial for unruly conduct. The trial lasted 119 days with a two-week summer break.<ref>''Newsweek'' December 11, 1944, p 44</ref>
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	All but four of the twenty-four lawyers who represented the defendants were court appointed and unpaid.<ref>''A Trial on Trial'', page 13</ref> A few of the defendants wanted to act as their own lawyers. The trial became a chaotic farce with defense lawyers competing among themselves with objections. The judge denied about five hundred motions for a mistrial.<ref>[http://www.ajcarchives.org/ajc_data/files/1945_1946_5_uscivicpolitical.pdf AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK 1945/1946 page 271]</ref> Seven defense lawyers were fined over one thousand dollars for contempt and two lawyers were thrown out of court.<ref>[http://www.antiwar.com/justin/j042800.html TALE OF A "SEDITIONIST" – THE LAWRENCE DENNIS STORY]</ref>		All but four of the twenty-four lawyers who represented the defendants were court appointed and unpaid.<ref>''A Trial on Trial'', page 13</ref> A few of the defendants wanted to act as their own lawyers. The trial became a chaotic farce with defense lawyers competing among themselves with objections. The judge denied about five hundred motions for a mistrial.<ref>[http://www.ajcarchives.org/ajc_data/files/1945_1946_5_uscivicpolitical.pdf AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK 1945/1946 page 271]</ref> Seven defense lawyers were fined over one thousand dollars for contempt and two lawyers were thrown out of court.<ref>[http://www.antiwar.com/justin/j042800.html TALE OF A "SEDITIONIST" – THE LAWRENCE DENNIS STORY]</ref>

	One of the defendants, Robert Edmondson, would go on to call these twenty court-appointed lawyers "The Twenty Immortals…who went far beyond the Call of Duty in behalf of The [[Constitution]]."<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/~~ITestifyAgainstTheJews~~/~~ITestifyAgainstTheJews~~-RobertEdmondson#page/n5/mode/1up I Testify Against The ~~Jews~~'', by Robert Edmondson, page (D)]</ref> The defense lawyers put their lives and livelihoods on the line when they took the case of their clients. Attorneys [[Maximilian St.George\|St.George]] and [[W. Hobart Little\|Little]] were fired upon when a bullet passed through the windshield of their car. Attorney [[William J. Powers\|Powers]] was beaten by five thugs and placed an hospital for four days.<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 88]</ref> Attorney [[Henry Klein]] removed himself from the case a few months into the trial after receiving a number of death threats from fellow ~~Jews~~.<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 89]</ref> Other attorneys saw their legal practice begin to fade away.		One of the defendants, Robert Edmondson, would go on to call these twenty court-appointed lawyers "The Twenty Immortals…who went far beyond the Call of Duty in behalf of The [[Constitution]]."<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/ITestifyAgainstThejews/ITestifyAgainstThejews-RobertEdmondson#page/n5/mode/1up I Testify Against The jews'', by Robert Edmondson, page (D)]</ref> The defense lawyers put their lives and livelihoods on the line when they took the case of their clients. Attorneys [[Maximilian St.George\|St.George]] and [[W. Hobart Little\|Little]] were fired upon when a bullet passed through the windshield of their car. Attorney [[William J. Powers\|Powers]] was beaten by five thugs and placed an hospital for four days.<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 88]</ref> Attorney [[Henry Klein]] removed himself from the case a few months into the trial after receiving a number of death threats from fellow jews.<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 89]</ref> Other attorneys saw their legal practice begin to fade away.

	During the trial and its aftermath the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU)--which at the time was essentially a [[Communist front]] organization--did nothing to aid the defendants.<ref>''Confronting Right-wing [[Extremism]] and [[Terrorism]] in the USA'', by George Michael, page 137</ref> <ref>"U. S. Indicts Its Two Top Fachists", ''Life'', January 17, 1944, Vol. 16, No. 3, page 15</ref> Ironically, one of the defendants, Ellis Jones, was an Executive Committee member of the southern California chapter of the ACLU.<ref>''Free speech in the good war'', By Richard W. Steele, page 148</ref>		During the trial and its aftermath the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU)--which at the time was essentially a [[Communist front]] organization--did nothing to aid the defendants.<ref>''Confronting Right-wing [[Extremism]] and [[Terrorism]] in the USA'', by George Michael, page 137</ref> <ref>"U. S. Indicts Its Two Top Fachists", ''Life'', January 17, 1944, Vol. 16, No. 3, page 15</ref> Ironically, one of the defendants, Ellis Jones, was an Executive Committee member of the southern California chapter of the ACLU.<ref>''Free speech in the good war'', By Richard W. Steele, page 148</ref>
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	==Aftermath==		==Aftermath==
	''The Sentinel'' an English-~~Jewish~~ paper in Chicago was sued by ten of the defendants in 1947 for libel. Four of them collected $24,100 in damages.		''The Sentinel'' an English-jewish paper in Chicago was sued by ten of the defendants in 1947 for libel. Four of them collected $24,100 in damages.

	==The 30 defendants==		==The 30 defendants==
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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* ''The Sedition Case: ~~Jews~~ vs. [[Gentiles]] in court in the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia'' by [[George E. Deatherage]] (1944)		* ''The Sedition Case: jews vs. [[Gentiles]] in court in the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia'' by [[George E. Deatherage]] (1944)
	* ''A Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944'', by [[Lawrence Dennis]] and [[Maximilian St.George]], (1945) National Civil [[Rights]] Committee, (1984) Institute for Historical Review		* ''A Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944'', by [[Lawrence Dennis]] and [[Maximilian St.George]], (1945) National Civil [[Rights]] Committee, (1984) Institute for Historical Review

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	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	[[Category:History]]		[[Category:History]]
	[[Category:~~Jewish~~ history]]		[[Category:jewish history]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 00:15, 19 February 2024

2024-02-19T00:15:24Z

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𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "nationalist" to "fascist"

2024-02-15T19:36:09Z

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	==Defendants==		==Defendants==
	The defendants were a collection of [[American ~~nationalist~~]]s, [[isolationist]]s, [[socialist]]s, [[pacifist]]s, [[nativist]]s, [[anti-Semite]]s, and [[German American Bund]] leaders with an ideological attachment to the [[National Socialist Germany\|New Germany]]. The final indictment included five groups of individuals. One group consisted of Washington lobbyists and registered agents for Germany. Another group were authors who had written books in support of [[fascism]] or political treatises that connected the [[Jew]]s to [[Communism]]. Publishers were another group--some with a small newsletter circulation, others such as the magazine ''[[The Defender]]'' had a monthly readership of over a hundred thousand. Also indicted were the leaders of various ~~nationalist~~ organizations -- again some with limited influence, but groups like the [[Silver Legion of America]] lead by William Dudley Pelley were well organized on a national level. The final group was the [[German American Bund]] members, the two top leaders [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze\|Kunze]] and [[August Klapprott\|Klapprott]], along with three from the California branch on the west coast. [[Elizabeth Dilling]]'s lawyer quipped the Germans were added to give the jury a “sauerkraut” flavor to the trial.<ref>Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944, page 181</ref>		The defendants were a collection of [[American fascist]]s, [[isolationist]]s, [[socialist]]s, [[pacifist]]s, [[nativist]]s, [[anti-Semite]]s, and [[German American Bund]] leaders with an ideological attachment to the [[National Socialist Germany\|New Germany]]. The final indictment included five groups of individuals. One group consisted of Washington lobbyists and registered agents for Germany. Another group were authors who had written books in support of [[fascism]] or political treatises that connected the [[Jew]]s to [[Communism]]. Publishers were another group--some with a small newsletter circulation, others such as the magazine ''[[The Defender]]'' had a monthly readership of over a hundred thousand. Also indicted were the leaders of various fascist organizations -- again some with limited influence, but groups like the [[Silver Legion of America]] lead by William Dudley Pelley were well organized on a national level. The final group was the [[German American Bund]] members, the two top leaders [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze\|Kunze]] and [[August Klapprott\|Klapprott]], along with three from the California branch on the west coast. [[Elizabeth Dilling]]'s lawyer quipped the Germans were added to give the jury a “sauerkraut” flavor to the trial.<ref>Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944, page 181</ref>

	With the exception of [[Lawrence Dennis]], [[Prescott Dennett]], and [[George Viereck]] all were anti-Semites to one degree or another. [[James True]], [[Frank W. Clark]], and [[Lois de Lafayette Washburn]] favored the death of Jews. Others like William Dudley Pelley favored restricting Jews to certain geographical areas within America or isolating them to one city per state.<ref>''Right-wing populism in America: too close for comfort'', by Chip Berlet and Matthew Nemiroff Lyons, p. 133</ref> Reverend Winrod saw “bad” Jews who should be condemned and “good” Jews who could be converted.<ref>''American Political Trials'', by Michal R. Belknap, page 185.</ref> Most of the defendants viewed the Jews as untrustworthy and carriers of the political virus of Communism.		With the exception of [[Lawrence Dennis]], [[Prescott Dennett]], and [[George Viereck]] all were anti-Semites to one degree or another. [[James True]], [[Frank W. Clark]], and [[Lois de Lafayette Washburn]] favored the death of Jews. Others like William Dudley Pelley favored restricting Jews to certain geographical areas within America or isolating them to one city per state.<ref>''Right-wing populism in America: too close for comfort'', by Chip Berlet and Matthew Nemiroff Lyons, p. 133</ref> Reverend Winrod saw “bad” Jews who should be condemned and “good” Jews who could be converted.<ref>''American Political Trials'', by Michal R. Belknap, page 185.</ref> Most of the defendants viewed the Jews as untrustworthy and carriers of the political virus of Communism.

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Nationalist" to "Fascist"

2024-02-15T19:34:35Z

Text replacement - "Nationalist" to "Fascist"

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 15 February 2024
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	\|Social Republic Society		\|Social Republic Society
	\|		\|
	\|''The Corporate State: A Practical Plan for American ~~Nationalists~~''		\|''The Corporate State: A Practical Plan for American Fascists''
	\|[[W. Hobart Little]], [[Ira Chase Koehne]]		\|[[W. Hobart Little]], [[Ira Chase Koehne]]
	\|-		\|-
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	\|}		\|}

	===~~Nationalist~~ leaders===		===Fascist leaders===
	{\| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0"		{\| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0"
	! style="background:#efefef;" \| Name		! style="background:#efefef;" \| Name
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	\|[[Garland Alderman]]		\|[[Garland Alderman]]
	\|[[National Workers' League]]		\|[[National Workers' League]]
	\|''[[~~Nationalist~~ Newsletter]]''		\|''[[Fascist Newsletter]]''
	\|		\|
	\|[[Harry A. Grant]], of Washington DC		\|[[Harry A. Grant]], of Washington DC
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	\|-		\|-
	\|[[George E. Deatherage]]		\|[[George E. Deatherage]]
	\|[[Knights of the White Camellia]], [[American ~~Nationalist~~ Confederation]], [[National Workers' League]]		\|[[Knights of the White Camellia]], [[American Fascist Confederation]], [[National Workers' League]]
	\|''News Behind the News''		\|''News Behind the News''
	\|		\|
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	\|[[Parker Sage]]		\|[[Parker Sage]]
	\|[[Black Legion]], [[National Workers' League]]		\|[[Black Legion]], [[National Workers' League]]
	\|''~~Nationalist~~ Newsletter''		\|''Fascist Newsletter''
	\|		\|
	\|[[Harry A. Grant]]		\|[[Harry A. Grant]]
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	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Great Sedition Trial of 1944 (censored on Wikipedia)]]		* [[Great Sedition Trial of 1944 (censored on Wikipedia)]]
	* [[Lineage of American ~~Nationalist~~ organizations and individuals]]		* [[Lineage of American Fascist organizations and individuals]]
	* [[List of American ~~Nationalist~~ publications]]		* [[List of American Fascist publications]]
	* [[List of sedition trials in America]]		* [[List of sedition trials in America]]
	* [[1941 New Jersey "race hatred" trial]]		* [[1941 New Jersey "race hatred" trial]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:German " to "Category:"

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:29, 8 February 2024
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	[[Category:Great Sedition Trial]]		[[Category:Great Sedition Trial]]
	[[Category:Show trials]]		[[Category:Show trials]]
	[[Category:~~German~~ American Bund]]		[[Category:American Bund]]
	[[Category:ADL of B'nai B'rith]]		[[Category:ADL of B'nai B'rith]]
	[[Category:Sedition]]		[[Category:Sedition]]
	[[Category:Sedition trials]]		[[Category:Sedition trials]]
	[[Category:Friends of Progress]]		[[Category:Friends of Progress]]

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}
	[[Category:Featured articles]]		[[Category:Featured articles]]
	[[Category:Great Sedition Trial]]		[[Category:Great Sedition Trial]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

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en>Crusader at 23:08, 29 August 2022

2022-08-29T23:08:09Z

New page

The '''Great [[Sedition]] Trial of 1944''' was a political [[show trial]] engineered by the [[American Jewish Committee]], [[ADL]],<ref>[https://archive.is/20130506055952/www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-23512327_ITM "FDR's patriot purge", ''The New American'', June 16, 2003]</ref> and [[B'nai B'rith]]<ref>[http://www.thebirdman.org/Index/Others/Others-Doc-History/+Doc-History-WW2Period/SeditionTrialOf1944.htm A MOCKERY OF JUSTICE- THE GREAT SEDITION TRIAL OF 1944]</ref> with the purpose of imprisoning [[anti-communist]] patriots who opposed [[FDR]] and his schemes to bring the country into [[World War II]]. The [[Smith Act of 1940]] was used to prosecute the defendants. The case was designated as ''United States v. McWilliams'' where the defendants were charged with conspiracy to aid in establishment of a [[National Socialist]] form of government within the United States and attempting to demoralize the armed forces of the United States. A conviction carried a $10,000 fine and ten years imprisonment.<ref>''Newsweek'' May 1, 1944</ref>
The entire case was declared a mistrial after the presiding judge suddenly died. Months later another judge dismissed the charges against the defendants and called the case "a travesty on justice."<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 122]</ref>

==Grand jury indictments==
The trial was staged in [[Washington DC]] thanks to [[Dillard Stokes]] an investigative reporter working for the ''[[Washington Post]]''. Before the indictments Stokes solicited allegedly seditious publications from the defendants and had them mailed to his residence in the [[District of Columbia]]. This tactic allowed the government to put the defendants on trial in one location and to break them financially, removing them from their employment, family, and homes.

In total 42 people and one newspaper, ''[[The New York Evening Enquirer]]'', were indicted by three separate grand juries. The first two indictments issued in 1942 and 1943 failed to come to trial. By the time trial began on April 17, 1944 with the third indictment, there were 30 defendants: 28 men and two women. The trial was held in Washington's Federal District Court building in a small air conditioned courtroom (40 x 38 ft.) and lasted seven months.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774917-1,00.html "U.S. At War: The Curtain Rise", ''Time'', May 1, 1944]</ref>

===Jewish Pressure===
Jews played an instrumental role in pressing for the indictments.
A United Press report stated,

''Under pressure from Jewish organizations, to judge from articles appearing in publications put out by Jews for Jews, the new indictment even more than the first was drawn to include criticisms of Jews as "sedition." It appeared that a main purpose of the whole procedure, along with outlawing unfavorable comments on the administration, was to set a legal precedent of judicial interpretations and severe penalties which would serve to exempt Jews in America from all public mention except praise, in contrast to the traditional American viewpoint which holds that all who take part in public affairs must be ready to accept full free public discussion, either pro or con.''

The first indictment was a total Jewish affair with prosecuting attorney William P. Maloney in constant contact with the [[ADL]] and coordinating the investigations.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/foia_Kamp_Joseph_P.-HQ-14/Kamp_Joseph_P.-HQ-14#page/n82/mode/1up ''The Smear Campaign'' by Joseph P. Kamp]</ref>

===First indictment: July 21, 1942===
[[Court Asher]], David J. Baxter, [[Otto Brennemann]], Howard V. Broenstrupp, [[Oscar Brumback]], Prescott F. Dennett, [[C. Leon de Aryan]], [[Hudson de Priest]], Hans Diebel, Elizabeth Dilling, Robert E. Edmondson, Elmer J. Garner, [[James F. Garner]], [[William Griffin]], Charles B. Hudson, Ellis O. Jones, [[William Ernest Kullgren]], William R. Lyman Jr, [[Donald McDaniel]], Robert Noble, William D. Pelley, Eugene Sanctuary, Herman M. Schwinn, Edward J. Smythe, [[Ralph Townsend]], James C. True, George S. Viereck and Gerald B. Winrod

===Second indictment: January 4, 1943===
Court Asher, David J. Baxter, Otto Brennemann, Howard V. Broenstrupp, Oscar Brumback, Prescott F. Dennett, C. Leon De Aryan, Hudson de Priest, Hans Diebel, Elizabeth Dilling, Robert E. Edmondson, Elmer J. Garner, James F. Garner, William Griffin, Charles B. Hudson, Ellis O. Jones, William Ernest Kullgren, William R. Lyman Jr., Donald McDaniel, Robert Noble, William D. Pelley, Eugene Sanctuary, Herman M. Schwinn, Edward J. Smythe, Ralph Townsend, James C. True, George S. Viereck, Gerald B. Winrod, Frank W. Clark, George E. Deatherage, Frank K. Fernenx, [[Paquita de Shishmareff]] ([[Leslie Fry]]), Lois de Lafayette Washburn and ''[[The New York Evening Enquirer]]''. In addition, twelve other publications and thirteen organizations were named, but unindicted, on a list of "agencies employed."<ref>[http://www.antiwar.com/justin/j042800.html TALE OF A "SEDITIONIST" – THE LAWRENCE DENNIS STORY]</ref>

===Third indictment: January 3, 1944===
[[Garland Alderman]], [[David J. Baxter]], [[Howard V. Broenstrupp]], [[Frank W. Clark]], [[George E. Deatherage]], [[Prescott F. Dennett]], [[Lawrence Dennis]], [[Hans Diebel]], [[Elizabeth Dilling]], [[Robert E. Edmondson]], [[Ernest F. Elmhurst]], [[Frank K. Fernenz]], [[Elmer J. Garner]], [[Charles B. Hudson]], [[Ellis O. Jones]], [[August Klapprott]], [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze]], [[William R. Lyman Jr.]], [[Joe E. McWilliams]], [[Robert Noble]], [[William D. Pelley]], [[Parker Sage]], [[Peter Stahrenberg]], [[Eugene Sanctuary]], [[Herman M. Schwinn]], [[Edward J. Smythe]], [[James True]], [[George S. Viereck]], [[Lois de Lafayette Washburn]] and [[Gerald B. Winrod]].

Notably absent from the indictments were two popular and influential clergymen both known for their anti-Semitism: Reverend [[Gerald L. K. Smith]] and Father [[Charles Coughlin]]. Smith was investigated three times by the [[FBI]] finding no apparent foreign "fascist" connections.<ref>[http://archive.org/stream/TheTruthAboutGeraldSmithAmericasNo.1Fascist/204051#page/n11/mode/2up '''The Truth About Gerald Smith: America’s #1 Fascist'', page 15]</ref> Also missing from the indictments were any [[Italian-American Fascist]] or [[Ku Klux Klan]] leadership.<ref>[http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/j/p/jpj1/hoods.htm FASCISM AND ANTI-WAR ACTIVISM IN THE UNITED STATES 1939-45]</ref>

The strategy the prosecution decided to use was to prove all of the defendants had psychologically joined Germany’s National Socialist movement.<ref>''A Trial on Trial'', pages 105, 106</ref> The intent of the prosecution was to show things said by the defendants were similar to things said by the "Nazis"; therefore they were part of the world conspiracy.

==Defendants==
The defendants were a collection of [[American nationalist]]s, [[isolationist]]s, [[socialist]]s, [[pacifist]]s, [[nativist]]s, [[anti-Semite]]s, and [[German American Bund]] leaders with an ideological attachment to the [[National Socialist Germany|New Germany]]. The final indictment included five groups of individuals. One group consisted of Washington lobbyists and registered agents for Germany. Another group were authors who had written books in support of [[fascism]] or political treatises that connected the [[Jew]]s to [[Communism]]. Publishers were another group--some with a small newsletter circulation, others such as the magazine ''[[The Defender]]'' had a monthly readership of over a hundred thousand. Also indicted were the leaders of various nationalist organizations -- again some with limited influence, but groups like the [[Silver Legion of America]] lead by William Dudley Pelley were well organized on a national level. The final group was the [[German American Bund]] members, the two top leaders [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze|Kunze]] and [[August Klapprott|Klapprott]], along with three from the California branch on the west coast. [[Elizabeth Dilling]]'s lawyer quipped the Germans were added to give the jury a “sauerkraut” flavor to the trial.<ref>Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944, page 181</ref>

With the exception of [[Lawrence Dennis]], [[Prescott Dennett]], and [[George Viereck]] all were anti-Semites to one degree or another. [[James True]], [[Frank W. Clark]], and [[Lois de Lafayette Washburn]] favored the death of Jews. Others like William Dudley Pelley favored restricting Jews to certain geographical areas within America or isolating them to one city per state.<ref>''Right-wing populism in America: too close for comfort'', by Chip Berlet and Matthew Nemiroff Lyons, p. 133</ref> Reverend Winrod saw “bad” Jews who should be condemned and “good” Jews who could be converted.<ref>''American Political Trials'', by Michal R. Belknap, page 185.</ref> Most of the defendants viewed the Jews as untrustworthy and carriers of the political virus of Communism.

Several of the defendants [[Ellis Jones]], [[Robert Noble]], [[William Dudley Pelley]], [[George Viereck]], [[Franz K. Ferenz]] and [[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze]] were in prison for previous sedition convictions or violations of the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]]. At the time of the trial, [[Hans Diebel]] and [[Herman Schwinn]] were being held as enemy aliens. One elderly defendant, [[Elmer J. Garner]], died three weeks after the start of the proceedings. [[James True]] and [[David Baxter]] were severed from the trial due to health reasons and physical ailments. [[Robert Noble]] was severed from the trial for unruly conduct. The trial lasted 119 days with a two-week summer break.<ref>''Newsweek'' December 11, 1944, p 44</ref>

==Defense lawyers==
All but four of the twenty-four lawyers who represented the defendants were court appointed and unpaid.<ref>''A Trial on Trial'', page 13</ref> A few of the defendants wanted to act as their own lawyers. The trial became a chaotic farce with defense lawyers competing among themselves with objections. The judge denied about five hundred motions for a mistrial.<ref>[http://www.ajcarchives.org/ajc_data/files/1945_1946_5_uscivicpolitical.pdf AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK 1945/1946 page 271]</ref> Seven defense lawyers were fined over one thousand dollars for contempt and two lawyers were thrown out of court.<ref>[http://www.antiwar.com/justin/j042800.html TALE OF A "SEDITIONIST" – THE LAWRENCE DENNIS STORY]</ref>

One of the defendants, Robert Edmondson, would go on to call these twenty court-appointed lawyers "The Twenty Immortals…who went far beyond the Call of Duty in behalf of The Constitution."<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/ITestifyAgainstTheJews/ITestifyAgainstTheJews-RobertEdmondson#page/n5/mode/1up I Testify Against The Jews'', by Robert Edmondson, page (D)]</ref> The defense lawyers put their lives and livelihoods on the line when they took the case of their clients. Attorneys [[Maximilian St.George|St.George]] and [[W. Hobart Little|Little]] were fired upon when a bullet passed through the windshield of their car. Attorney [[William J. Powers|Powers]] was beaten by five thugs and placed an hospital for four days.<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 88]</ref> Attorney [[Henry Klein]] removed himself from the case a few months into the trial after receiving a number of death threats from fellow Jews.<ref>[http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf ''The Sedition Case'', page 89]</ref> Other attorneys saw their legal practice begin to fade away.

During the trial and its aftermath the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU)--which at the time was essentially a [[Communist front]] organization--did nothing to aid the defendants.<ref>''Confronting Right-wing Extremism and Terrorism in the USA'', by George Michael, page 137</ref> <ref>"U. S. Indicts Its Two Top Fachists", ''Life'', January 17, 1944, Vol. 16, No. 3, page 15</ref> Ironically, one of the defendants, Ellis Jones, was an Executive Committee member of the southern California chapter of the ACLU.<ref>''Free speech in the good war'', By Richard W. Steele, page 148</ref>

==The press and public opinion==
The trial started with 40 reporters covering the proceedings, but as it dragged on fewer of them appeared in the courtroom. The ''[[Washington Post]]'' and the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' initially had their reporters at the trial. In addition, two communist and far-left newspapers the ''[[Daily Worker]]'' and ''[[PM (newspaper)|PM]]'' covered the proceedings.<ref>''American Political Trials'', by Michal R. Belknap. pages 181, 191.</ref>

However by July, the third month of the trial, many of the major papers considered the proceedings a circus and withdrew their reporters from the courtroom. By October only a handful were in attendance. Representatives from the ''[[Washington Star]]'' , [[United Press]] and [[International News Service]] were the few who remained reporting on the trial.<ref>''A Trial on Trial'', page 22</ref>

Public opinion began to turn in favor of the defendants. Newspaper editors like [[Joseph Patterson]] of the ''[[New York Daily News]]'' openly defended the accused seditionists and said they were just "publishers of small anti-Administration sheets."<ref>''[[The Propaganda Battlefront]]'', April 29, 1944</ref>

A few Washington officials were untroubled by the hostile press coverage and openly supported the defendants. Senator [[William Langer]] of [[North Dakota]] visited the defendants often in jail and escorted Elizabeth Dilling to and from the courtroom.<ref>''Our Own Felicity: We Make Or Find'', By C. L. Corey, page 85</ref>

==Resolution==
The presiding judge, former Iowa Congressman [[Edward C. Eicher]], died suddenly of a heart attack on [[November 29]], [[1944]]. [[Bolitha Laws]], a federal judge in the District of Columbia, took over and asked the prosecutor, [[O. John Rogge]], if he wanted to start a new trial. Realizing the prosecutor had no real evidence to prove sedition, Judge Laws declared a mistrial on [[December 7]], [[1944]].

On June 30, 1947 the Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia affirmed the dismisal of the indictments.<ref>[http://specialcollections.wichita.edu/collections/ms/88-29/88-29-A.HTML]</ref>

==Aftermath==
''The Sentinel'' an English-Jewish paper in Chicago was sued by ten of the defendants in 1947 for libel. Four of them collected $24,100 in damages.

==The 30 defendants==
Below is a list of the organizations, publications, and books associated with the defendants up to the time of the trial in 1944. Those after 1944 associated with the defendants are not listed. Known attorneys representing the defendants at the trial are listed as well as attorneys representing the defendants in the 1946 motions to dismiss.

===Washington lobbyists===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0"
! style="background:#efefef;" | Name
! style="background:#efefef;" | Organizations
! style="background:#efefef;" | Publications
! style="background:#efefef;" | Books
! style="background:#efefef;" | Attorneys
|-
|[[Prescott Dennett]]
|[[Make Europe Pay War Debts Committee]],
[[Islands for War Debts Committee]],

[[Citizens Committee to Keep America Out of the War]]
|
|
|[[Frank J. Kelly]]
|-
|[[George S. Viereck]]
|German American Fellowship Forum
|''[[Today's Challenge]]'', ''[[The American Monthly]]''
|
|[[Ben Lindas]]
|}

===Author's group===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0"
! style="background:#efefef;" | Name
! style="background:#efefef;" | Organizations
! style="background:#efefef;" | Publications
! style="background:#efefef;" | Books
! style="background:#efefef;" | Attorneys
|-
|[[David Baxter]]
|Social Republic Society
|
|''The Corporate State: A Practical Plan for American Nationalists''
|[[W. Hobart Little]], [[Ira Chase Koehne]]
|-
|[[Lawrence Dennis]]
|
|''Weekly Foreign Letter'', ''[[The Awakener]]'',
|''Is Capitalism Doomed?'', ''The Coming American Fascism'', ''The Dynamics Of War And Revolution''
|himself as attorney and [[Floyd Lanham]], [[Joseph C. Turco]]
|-
|[[Elizabeth Dilling]]
|[[Patriotic Research Bureau]]
|
|''[[The Red Network]]'', ''The Roosevelt Red Record'', ''The Octopus''
|[[Floyd Lanham]], [[Dellmore Lassard]], [[Albert Dilling]] [[J. Austin Latimer]]
|-
|[[Ernest F. Elmhurst]]
|[[Pan-Aryan League]]
|
|[https://archive.org/details/TheWorldHoaxjewishRoleInBolshevism1938 ''The World Hoax'']
|[[Ira Chase Koehne]], [[James J. Laughlin]], [[W. Hobart Little]], [[M. Edward Buckley]], [[Orville Gaudette]], [[John Hillyard]]
|-
|[[Eugene N. Sanctuary]]
|[[American Christian Defenders]]
|[[Tocsin Publishers]]
|''The Roosevelt Saga'', ''[[The Talmud Unmasked]]'', * [https://archive.org/stream/AreTheseThingsSosanctuary1934/SANCTUARYE.N.-Are_These_Things_So_1934#page/n1/mode/1up ''Are These Things So?'']
|[[Henry H. Klein]], [[M. Edward Buckley]], [[Marvin F. Bischoff]], [[George B. Fraser]]
|-
|}

===Publisher's group===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0"
! style="background:#efefef;" | Name
! style="background:#efefef;" | Organizations
! style="background:#efefef;" | Publications
! style="background:#efefef;" | Books
! style="background:#efefef;" | Attorneys
|-
|[[Robert E. Edmondson]]
|[[Edmondson Economic Service]]
|''[[American Vigilante Bulletin]]''
|
|[[Ethelbert B. Frey]]
|-
|[[Elmer J. Garner]]
|
|''[[Publicity]]''
|
|[[Marvin F. Blachoff]]
|-
|[[Charles B. Hudson]]
|
|''[[America in Danger]]''
|
|[[Frank H. Meyers]], [[Elizabeth R. Young]], [[James A. Davis]], [[Thomas X. Dunn]]
|-
|[[Joe McWilliams]]
|[[Christian Mobilizers]], [[American Destiny Party]]
|''[[The Christian Mobilizer]]''
|''The Serviceman's Reconstruction Plan''
|[[Maximilian St.George]], [[W. Hobart Little]]
|-
|[[Edward J. Smythe]]
|Protestant War Veterans Association
|''[[Our Common Cause]]''
|
|[[James J. Laughlin]], [[Ethelbert B. Frey]], [[M. Edward Buckley]], [[John B. Gunion]]
|-
|[[Peter Stahrenberg]]
|[[American National-Socialist Party]]
|''[[National American]]''
|
|[[L.J.H.Herwig]]
|-
|[[James True]]
|America First, Inc.
|''[[Industrial Control Reports]]''
|
|[[J. Austin Latimer]]
|-
|[[Gerald B. Winrod]]
|[[Defenders of the Christian Faith]]
|''[[The Defender]]''
|
|[[E. Hilton Jackson]], [[John W. Jackson]], [[George Siefkin]]
|-
|}

===Nationalist leaders===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0"
! style="background:#efefef;" | Name
! style="background:#efefef;" | Organizations
! style="background:#efefef;" | Publications
! style="background:#efefef;" | Books
! style="background:#efefef;" | Attorneys
|-
|[[Garland Alderman]]
|[[National Workers' League]]
|''[[Nationalist Newsletter]]''
|
|[[Harry A. Grant]], of Washington DC
|-
|[[Howard V. Broenstrupp]]
|[[Silver Shirts]]
|''[[The Gentiles' Review]]''
|
|[[Ira Chase Koehne]] [[M. Edward Buckley]]
|-
|[[Frank W. Clark]]
|[[National Liberty Party]], [[League of War Veteran Guardsmen]]
|
|
|himself as attorney and [[M. Edward Buckley]], [[Ira Chase Koehne]]
|-
|[[George E. Deatherage]]
|[[Knights of the White Camellia]], [[American Nationalist Confederation]], [[National Workers' League]]
|''News Behind the News''
|
|[[J. Austin Latimer]]
|-
|[[Ellis O. Jones]]
|[[National Copperheads]],
[[Friends of Progress]]
|''[[Copperhead Notes]]''
|
|himself as attorney
|-
|[[William Lyman]]
|[[National Workers' League]]
|
|
|[[Frank J. Meyer]], [[Elizabeth R. Young]]
|-
|[[Robert Noble]]
|[[Friends of Progress]]
|
|
|[[James J. Laughlin]]
|-
|[[William D. Pelley]]
|[[Silver Shirts]]
|''[[The Galilean]]'', ''[[Liberation]]'', ''[[Roll-Call]]''
|
|[[William J. Powers]], [[T. Emmett McKenzie]], [[W. Hobart Little]]
|-
|[[Parker Sage]]
|[[Black Legion]], [[National Workers' League]]
|''Nationalist Newsletter''
|
|[[Harry A. Grant]]
|-
|[[Lois de Lafayette Washburn]]
|[[National Liberty Party]], [[National Gentile League]], [[American Gentile Protective Association]]
|
|
|[[Ira Chase Koehne]], [[M. Edward Buckley]]
|-
|}

===German American Bund leaders===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0"
! style="background:#efefef;" | Name
! style="background:#efefef;" | Organizations
! style="background:#efefef;" | Publications
! style="background:#efefef;" | Books
! style="background:#efefef;" | Attorneys
|-
|[[Hans Diebel]]
|[[German American Bund]]
|
|[[Aryan Bookstore]]
|[[Claude Thompson]], [[William A. Gallagher]]
|-
|[[Franz K. Ferenz]]
|[[German American Bund]]
|
|''Hitler''
|[[Joseph H. Bilbrey]], [[Rees B. Gillespie]]
|-
|[[August Klapprott]]
|[[German American Bund]]
|
|
|[[Charles E. Morganston]]
|-
|[[Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze]]
|[[German American Bund]]
|
|
|[[P. Bateman Ennis]], [[Arthur Carroll]]
|-
|[[Herman Schwinn]]
|[[German American Bund]]
|
|
|[[Claude A. Thompson]], [[William A. Gallagher]]
|-
|}

==Government witnesses==
* [[Peter Gissibl]]
* [[Ernst Hanfstaengl]]
* [[Henry D. Allen]]
* [[Nicholas J. Roccaforth]] - former associate and hostile witness against Rev. [[Gerald Winrod]].
* Dr. [[Hermann Rauschning]]
* [[William Luedtke]]

==Further reading==
* ''The Sedition Case: Jews vs. Gentiles in court in the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia'' by [[George E. Deatherage]] (1944)
* ''A Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944'', by [[Lawrence Dennis]] and [[Maximilian St.George]], (1945) National Civil Rights Committee, (1984) Institute for Historical Review

==See also==
* [[Great Sedition Trial of 1944 (censored on Wikipedia)]]
* [[Lineage of American Nationalist organizations and individuals]]
* [[List of American Nationalist publications]]
* [[List of sedition trials in America]]
* [[1941 New Jersey "race hatred" trial]]
* [[Elmer Hartzel]]

==External links==
* [http://www.resist.com/Instauration/OtherPubs-20120723/SOL-TheSeditionCase.pdf The Sedition Case]
* [http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v06/v06p-23_Baxter.html The Great Sedition Trial of 1944: A Personal Memoir]
* [http://iamthewitness.com/doc/A.Mockery.of.Justice-The.Great.Sedition.Trial.of.1944.htm A Mockery of Justice—The Great Sedition Trial of 1944]
* [http://www.gnosticliberationfront.com/great_sedition_trial_of_1944.htm#the%20adl%20and%20the The ADL and the Great Sedition Trial]
* [http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/N%20Disk/Non-Sectarian%20Anti-Nazi%20League%20Bulletin/Item%2007.pdf Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League special edition of the Sedition Trial with photos of each defendant.]
* [http://digital-library.csun.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/InOurOwnBackyard&CISOPTR=190&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 Photo Montage of 12 defendants] Top row, from left to right: Hans Diebel; Attorney Henry H. Klein; Ellis O. Jones; Hermann Schwinn. Middle row: Elizabeth Dilling; Ellis O. Jones; Robert Noble; Unknown. Bottom row: David Baxter; Robert E. Edmondson; William Dudley Pelley; Lawrence Dennis with Ulrich von Gienanth; Rev. Gerald B. Winrod.
* [http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v06/v06p123_Rollins.html A Trial On Trial: The Great Sedition Trial Of 1944 (book review)]
* [http://www.come-and-hear.com/dilling/whois.html Who is Elizabeth Dilling?]
* [http://www.revilo-oliver.com/rpo/No_Escape.html Revilo P. Oliver’s comments upon the Great Sedition Trial]
* [http://174.123.24.242/leagle/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=194688169FSupp812_1680.xml&docbase=CSLWAR1-1950-1985 UNITED STATES v. McWILLIAMS, November 22, 1946, motions to dismiss]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Featured articles]]
[[Category:Great Sedition Trial]]
[[Category:Show trials]]
[[Category:German American Bund]]
[[Category:ADL of B'nai B'rith]]
[[Category:Sedition]]
[[Category:Sedition trials]]
[[Category:Friends of Progress]]