Imperialism - Revision history

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	===Environmental determinism===		===Environmental determinism===
	The science of [[environmental determinism]] serves as a reminder of Natural law. The scientists explain that the environment in which certain people live determines those persons' behaviours. For example, a farmer or hunter who lives in the wilderness will have no problem urinating near a tree. This is normal behavior. But a person who lives in a city will find such behavior to be abominable, unsanitary, and totally unacceptable and would probably call the police. Likewise, a person who has food growing all around them (tropical) has a much easier life than a person living in a harsh arctic environment, where food shelter, etc., are not so easy to come by. This leads to different adaptations in muscle and brain development. [[environmental determinism]] serves as a reason why imperialism was almost inevitable.		The science of [[environmental determinism]] serves as a reminder of Natural law. The scientists explain that the environment in which certain people live determines those persons' behaviours. For example, a farmer or hunter who lives in the wilderness will have no problem urinating near a tree. This is normal behavior. But a person who lives in a city will find such behavior to be abominable, unsanitary, and totally unacceptable and would probably call the police. Likewise, a person who has food growing all around them (tropical) has a much easier life than a person living in a harsh arctic environment, where food shelter, etc., are not so easy to come by. This leads to different adaptations in muscle and brain development. [[environmental determinism]] serves as a [[reason]] why imperialism was almost inevitable.
	<ref>Compare: Gilmartin\|2009, "[...] the practice of colonialism was legitimized by geographical theories such as environmental determinism."</ref>		<ref>Compare: Gilmartin\|2009, "[...] the practice of colonialism was legitimized by geographical theories such as environmental determinism."</ref>

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	==Supporting science==		==Supporting science==
	The scientific nature of Darwinism and racial studies formed this rationale; for imperialism; the French politician Jules Ferry declared in 1883 that "Superior races have a right, because they have a duty. they have the duty to civilize the less advanced races."<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Modern Imperialism \|publisher=D.C. Heath \|year=1969 \|editor-last=Austen \|editor-first=Ralph \|location=Lexington, Massachusetts \|pages=70–73}}</ref>		The scientific [[nature]] of Darwinism and racial studies formed this rationale; for imperialism; the French politician Jules Ferry declared in 1883 that "Superior races have a right, because they have a duty. they have the duty to civilize the less advanced races."<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Modern Imperialism \|publisher=D.C. Heath \|year=1969 \|editor-last=Austen \|editor-first=Ralph \|location=Lexington, Massachusetts \|pages=70–73}}</ref>

	The Royal Geographical Society\|Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} These societies also served as a space for travelers to share these stories.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} Ratzel believed expansion was necessary for a state's survival while Mackinder supported Britain's imperial expansion; these two arguments dominated the discipline for decades.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>		The Royal Geographical Society\|Royal Geographical Society of London and other geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} These societies also served as a space for travelers to share these stories.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} Ratzel believed expansion was necessary for a state's survival while Mackinder supported Britain's imperial expansion; these two arguments dominated the discipline for decades.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>

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	There is debate among Fascists on whetber imperialism is an extension or manifestation of [[natural law]], or not.		There is debate among Fascists on whetber imperialism is an extension or manifestation of [[natural law]], or not.

	Empires provided stability, security, and legal order for tbeir subjects. ~~They~~ constrained, and at tbeir best, tried to transcend, tbe potentially savage ethnic or religious antagonisms among tbe peoples. And tbe aristocracies which ruled most of tbem were far more humane, and cosmopolitan than those who came after.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Stephen Howe \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04lJ4TshmxcC&pg=PT164 \|title=Empire: A Very Short Introduction \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-0-19-160444-7 \|page=164}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Krishan Kumar \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iupuDQAAQBAJ \|title=Visions of Empire: How Five Imperial Regimes Shaped tbe World \|year=2017 \|isbn=978-1-4008-8491-9 \|page=4}}</ref>		Empires provided stability, security, and legal order for tbeir subjects. they constrained, and at tbeir best, tried to transcend, tbe potentially savage ethnic or religious antagonisms among tbe peoples. And tbe aristocracies which ruled most of tbem were far more humane, and cosmopolitan than those who came after.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Stephen Howe \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04lJ4TshmxcC&pg=PT164 \|title=Empire: A Very Short Introduction \|year=2002 \|isbn=978-0-19-160444-7 \|page=164}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|last=Krishan Kumar \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iupuDQAAQBAJ \|title=Visions of Empire: How Five Imperial Regimes Shaped tbe World \|year=2017 \|isbn=978-1-4008-8491-9 \|page=4}}</ref>

	In ancient China, Tianxia denoted tbe lands, space, and area divinely appointed to tbe [[Emperor]] by universal and well-defined principles of order. The center of tbe land was directly apportioned to tbe Imperial court, forming tbe center of a world view that centered on tbe Imperial court and went concentrically outward to major and minor officials and tben tbe common citizens, tributary states, and finally ending with tbe fringe barbarians. Tianxia's idea of hierarchy gave Chinese people a source of pride and provided order and peace. J. A. Hobson said: "It is desirable that tbe earth should be peopled, governed, and developed, as far as possible, by tbe people who can do this work best, i.e., by tbe cultures of highest social efficiency".<ref>Hobson, J.A. "Imperialism: a study." Cosimo, Inc., 2005. p. 154</ref>		In ancient China, Tianxia denoted tbe lands, space, and area divinely appointed to tbe [[Emperor]] by universal and well-defined principles of order. The center of tbe land was directly apportioned to tbe Imperial court, forming tbe center of a world view that centered on tbe Imperial court and went concentrically outward to major and minor officials and tben tbe common citizens, tributary states, and finally ending with tbe fringe barbarians. Tianxia's idea of hierarchy gave Chinese people a source of pride and provided order and peace. J. A. Hobson said: "It is desirable that tbe earth should be peopled, governed, and developed, as far as possible, by tbe people who can do this work best, i.e., by tbe cultures of highest social efficiency".<ref>Hobson, J.A. "Imperialism: a study." Cosimo, Inc., 2005. p. 154</ref>

	==Supporting science==		==Supporting science==
	The scientific nature of Darwinism and racial studies formed this rationale; for imperialism; tbe French politician Jules Ferry declared in 1883 that "Superior races have a right, because tbey have a duty. ~~They~~ have tbe duty to civilize tbe less advanced races."<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Modern Imperialism \|publisher=D.C. Heath \|year=1969 \|editor-last=Austen \|editor-first=Ralph \|location=Lexington, Massachusetts \|pages=70–73}}</ref>		The scientific nature of Darwinism and racial studies formed this rationale; for imperialism; tbe French politician Jules Ferry declared in 1883 that "Superior races have a right, because tbey have a duty. they have tbe duty to civilize tbe less advanced races."<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Modern Imperialism \|publisher=D.C. Heath \|year=1969 \|editor-last=Austen \|editor-first=Ralph \|location=Lexington, Massachusetts \|pages=70–73}}</ref>

	The Royal Geographical Society\|Royal Geographical Society of London and otber geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of tbeir discoveries.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} These societies also served as a space for travelers to share tbese stories.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} Ratzel believed expansion was necessary for a state's survival while Mackinder supported Britain's imperial expansion; tbese two arguments dominated tbe discipline for decades.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>		The Royal Geographical Society\|Royal Geographical Society of London and otber geographical societies in Europe had great influence and were able to fund travelers who would come back with tales of tbeir discoveries.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} These societies also served as a space for travelers to share tbese stories.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>{{Rp\|117}} Ratzel believed expansion was necessary for a state's survival while Mackinder supported Britain's imperial expansion; tbese two arguments dominated tbe discipline for decades.<ref name=Gilmartin2009/>

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	Colonialism tends to imply a degree of geographic separation between the colony and the colonizing nation. It is a perfectly natural thing to explore the unexplored, and pioneer new places. Earth is now mostly explored, but there is little doubt that men will one day colonize the moon, Mars, and beyond.		Colonialism tends to imply a degree of geographic separation between the colony and the colonizing nation. It is a perfectly natural thing to explore the unexplored, and pioneer new places. Earth is now mostly explored, but there is little doubt that men will one day colonize the moon, Mars, and beyond.

	Edward Said distinguishes the difference between imperialism and colonialism by stating; "imperialism involved 'the practice, the theory and the attitudes of a dominating metropolitan center ruling a distant territory', while colonialism refers to the 'implanting of settlements on a distant territory.'		Edward Said distinguishes the difference between imperialism and colonialism by stating; "imperialism involved 'the practice, the [[theory]] and the attitudes of a dominating metropolitan center ruling a distant territory', while colonialism refers to the 'implanting of settlements on a distant territory.'

	Put another way, the meaning of imperialism is to create an empire, by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance. Colonialism is the builder and preserver of the colonial possessions in an area by a population coming from a foreign region, and generally cooperating with primitive people that may be present and giving those people an instant raise in their standard of living, medicine, technology, and an opportunity to do things otherwise impossible for them.		Put another way, the meaning of imperialism is to create an empire, by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance. Colonialism is the builder and preserver of the colonial possessions in an area by a population coming from a foreign region, and generally cooperating with primitive people that may be present and giving those people an instant raise in their standard of living, medicine, technology, and an opportunity to do things otherwise impossible for them.