Insterburg - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 21:58, 13 March 2024

2024-03-13T21:58:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 13 March 2024
Line 3:		Line 3:
	[[File:East Prussia Insterburg from the air.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Insterburg, 1930s.]]		[[File:East Prussia Insterburg from the air.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Insterburg, 1930s.]]
	[[File:East Prussia Insterburg photo of two girls 1916.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Unforgotten: two young sisters from Insterburg, 1916.]]		[[File:East Prussia Insterburg photo of two girls 1916.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Unforgotten: two young sisters from Insterburg, 1916.]]
	'''Insterburg''' is a German former industrial town on the river Pregel in [[East Prussia]], today under [[Russia]]n occupation and called '''Chernyakhovsk''' (Russian: Черняхо́вск)<ref>Named after Soviet General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, commander of the Red Army which committed the most appalling atrocities against civilians at Nemmersdorf and [[Gumbinnen]] in October 1944.</ref>. Its population in 1904 was 27,800.<ref>Baedeker, Karl, ''Northern Germany'', Fourteenth revised edition, Leipzig & London, 1904, p.178.</ref> Outside Insterburg stood Schloss Georgenberg, an ancient castle originally erected as a seat of the Bishop of [[Samland]], which, in the 21st century due to neglect and vandalism has been badly damaged and partially demolished.		'''Insterburg''' is a [[German]] former industrial town on the river Pregel in [[East Prussia]], today under [[Russia]]n occupation and called '''Chernyakhovsk''' (Russian: Черняхо́вск)<ref>Named after Soviet General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, commander of the [[Red Army]] which committed the most appalling atrocities against civilians at Nemmersdorf and [[Gumbinnen]] in October 1944.</ref>. Its population in 1904 was 27,800.<ref>Baedeker, [[Karl]], ''Northern [[Germany]]'', Fourteenth revised edition, Leipzig & [[London]], 1904, p.178.</ref> Outside Insterburg stood Schloss Georgenberg, an ancient castle originally erected as a seat of the Bishop of [[Samland]], which, in the 21st century due to neglect and vandalism has been badly damaged and partially demolished.

	==History==		==History==
Line 10:		Line 10:
	The area was depopulated by the Black Plague in the early 18th century, after which King Frederick William I of Prussia invited [[Protestant]] refugees who had been expelled from the [[Roman Catholic]] Archbishopric of [[Salzburg]] to settle in Insterburg in 1732. During the [[Seven Years' War]] the town was occupied by the [[Russian Empire]].		The area was depopulated by the Black Plague in the early 18th century, after which King Frederick William I of Prussia invited [[Protestant]] refugees who had been expelled from the [[Roman Catholic]] Archbishopric of [[Salzburg]] to settle in Insterburg in 1732. During the [[Seven Years' War]] the town was occupied by the [[Russian Empire]].

	During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], French troops passed through and pillaged the town in 1806, 1807, 1811 and 1813. The [[Baltic baron]] and renowned soldier, Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, died at Insterburg in 1818 whilst tavelling from his Livonian manor to Germany proper. During [[World War I]] the [[Imperial Russia]]n Army invaded [[East Prussia]] and Insterburg was taken on 24 August 1914, but it was retaken by German forces on September 11th.		During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], [[French]] troops passed through and pillaged the town in 1806, 1807, 1811 and 1813. The [[Baltic baron]] and renowned soldier, Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, died at Insterburg in 1818 whilst tavelling from his Livonian manor to Germany proper. During [[World War I]] the [[Imperial Russia]]n Army invaded [[East Prussia]] and Insterburg was taken on 24 August 1914, but it was retaken by German forces on September 11th.

	Prior to 1945 Insterburg was a major railway junction with two stations and major goods yards. Trains from here ran west to [[Thorn]] and, in the opposite directions to [[Saint Petersburg]] (via [[Gumbinnen]], and Edytkuhnen - the frontier station 94 miles from Insterburg), while another line went to [[Tilsit]] (90 miles) and [[Memel]].		Prior to 1945 Insterburg was a major railway junction with two stations and major goods yards. Trains from here ran west to [[Thorn]] and, in the opposite directions to [[Saint Petersburg]] (via [[Gumbinnen]], and Edytkuhnen - the frontier station 94 miles from Insterburg), while another line went to [[Tilsit]] (90 miles) and [[Memel]].
Line 28:		Line 28:
	* Therese Malten (1855–1930), opera singer		* Therese Malten (1855–1930), opera singer
	* Paul Gerhard Neumann (1911–1986), physical oceanographer		* Paul Gerhard Neumann (1911–1986), physical oceanographer
	* Hans Orlowski (1894–1967), woodcut artist and painter		* Hans Orlowski (1894–1967), woodcut [[artist]] and painter
	* Fritz Karl Preikschat (1910–1994), engineer and inventor		* Fritz Karl Preikschat (1910–1994), engineer and inventor
	* [[Kurt Kuhlmey]] (1913–1993), during [[World War II]], he served as ground-attack aircraft pilot in the [[Luftwaffe]], commanding two air wings. He flew over 500 combat missions, and in July 1942 was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]].		* [[Kurt Kuhlmey]] (1913–1993), during [[World War II]], he served as ground-[[attack]] aircraft pilot in the [[Luftwaffe]], commanding two air wings. He flew over 500 combat missions, and in July 1942 was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]].
	* [[Kurt Plenzat]] (1914–1998), was a ''Hauptmann'' (officer) and recipient of the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] with Oak Leaves during [[World War II]], recognising extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership, or both.		* [[Kurt Plenzat]] (1914–1998), was a ''Hauptmann'' (officer) and recipient of the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] with Oak Leaves during [[World War II]], recognising extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership, or both.
	* Traugott Buhre (1929–2009), actor		* Traugott Buhre (1929–2009), actor
Line 41:		Line 41:
	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:~~East Prussia~~]]		[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]


	~~[[Category:towns]]~~



	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[de:(.*)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-29T06:10:17Z

Text replacement - "\[\[de:(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:10, 28 February 2024
Line 49:		Line 49:

	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	~~[[de:Insterburg]]~~

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - ".jpg|" to ".png|"

2024-02-22T23:09:30Z

Text replacement - ".jpg|" to ".png|"

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 22 February 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:East Prussia Insterburg 1936.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Insterburg, Old Market Square 1936.]]		[[File:East Prussia Insterburg 1936.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Insterburg, Old Market Square 1936.]]
	[[File:East Prussia Insterburg Castle 1934.~~jpg~~\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Part of the Teutonic Order's Castle at Insterburg, 1934.]]		[[File:East Prussia Insterburg Castle 1934.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Part of the Teutonic Order's Castle at Insterburg, 1934.]]
	[[File:East Prussia Insterburg from the air.~~jpg~~\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Insterburg, 1930s.]]		[[File:East Prussia Insterburg from the air.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Insterburg, 1930s.]]
	[[File:East Prussia Insterburg photo of two girls 1916.~~jpg~~\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Unforgotten: two young sisters from Insterburg, 1916.]]		[[File:East Prussia Insterburg photo of two girls 1916.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Unforgotten: two young sisters from Insterburg, 1916.]]
	'''Insterburg''' is a German former industrial town on the river Pregel in [[East Prussia]], today under [[Russia]]n occupation and called '''Chernyakhovsk''' (Russian: Черняхо́вск)<ref>Named after Soviet General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, commander of the Red Army which committed the most appalling atrocities against civilians at Nemmersdorf and [[Gumbinnen]] in October 1944.</ref>. Its population in 1904 was 27,800.<ref>Baedeker, Karl, ''Northern Germany'', Fourteenth revised edition, Leipzig & London, 1904, p.178.</ref> Outside Insterburg stood Schloss Georgenberg, an ancient castle originally erected as a seat of the Bishop of [[Samland]], which, in the 21st century due to neglect and vandalism has been badly damaged and partially demolished.		'''Insterburg''' is a German former industrial town on the river Pregel in [[East Prussia]], today under [[Russia]]n occupation and called '''Chernyakhovsk''' (Russian: Черняхо́вск)<ref>Named after Soviet General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, commander of the Red Army which committed the most appalling atrocities against civilians at Nemmersdorf and [[Gumbinnen]] in October 1944.</ref>. Its population in 1904 was 27,800.<ref>Baedeker, Karl, ''Northern Germany'', Fourteenth revised edition, Leipzig & London, 1904, p.178.</ref> Outside Insterburg stood Schloss Georgenberg, an ancient castle originally erected as a seat of the Bishop of [[Samland]], which, in the 21st century due to neglect and vandalism has been badly damaged and partially demolished.

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category:(.)Order(.)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-17T18:38:30Z

Text replacement - "\[\[Category:(.*)Order(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:38, 17 February 2024
Line 43:		Line 43:
	[[Category:East Prussia]]		[[Category:East Prussia]]

	~~[[Category:Teutonic Order]]~~
	[[Category:towns]]		[[Category:towns]]


	~~[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]~~
	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	[[de:Insterburg]]		[[de:Insterburg]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.)German(.)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-12T08:14:22Z

Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.*)German(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:14, 11 February 2024
Line 42:		Line 42:

	[[Category:East Prussia]]		[[Category:East Prussia]]
	~~[[Category:Germany]]~~
	[[Category:Teutonic Order]]		[[Category:Teutonic Order]]
	[[Category:towns]]		[[Category:towns]]
	~~[[Category:Occupied Germany]]~~
	~~[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]~~
	[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]		[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]
	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	[[de:Insterburg]]		[[de:Insterburg]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:World War II" to "Category:WWAC"

2024-02-08T15:04:04Z

Text replacement - "Category:World War II" to "Category:WWAC"

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:04, 8 February 2024
Line 48:		Line 48:
	[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]		[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]
	[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]		[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]
	[[Category:~~World War II~~]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	[[de:Insterburg]]		[[de:Insterburg]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:German " to "Category:"

2024-02-08T03:28:32Z

Text replacement - "Category:German " to "Category:"

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 7 February 2024
Line 44:		Line 44:
	[[Category:Germany]]		[[Category:Germany]]
	[[Category:Teutonic Order]]		[[Category:Teutonic Order]]
	[[Category:~~German~~ towns]]		[[Category:towns]]
	[[Category:Occupied Germany]]		[[Category:Occupied Germany]]
	[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]		[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

2024-02-07T12:36:18Z

Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:36, 7 February 2024
Line 39:		Line 39:

	==Sources==		==Sources==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:East Prussia]]		[[Category:East Prussia]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-06T21:40:52Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:40, 6 February 2024
(No difference)

en>Crusader: /* Notable people */

2023-01-08T21:27:19Z

Notable people

New page

[[File:East Prussia Insterburg 1936.png|300px|thumb|right|Insterburg, Old Market Square 1936.]]
[[File:East Prussia Insterburg Castle 1934.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Part of the Teutonic Order's Castle at Insterburg, 1934.]]
[[File:East Prussia Insterburg from the air.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Insterburg, 1930s.]]
[[File:East Prussia Insterburg photo of two girls 1916.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Unforgotten: two young sisters from Insterburg, 1916.]]
'''Insterburg''' is a German former industrial town on the river Pregel in [[East Prussia]], today under [[Russia]]n occupation and called '''Chernyakhovsk''' (Russian: Черняхо́вск)<ref>Named after Soviet General Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, commander of the Red Army which committed the most appalling atrocities against civilians at Nemmersdorf and [[Gumbinnen]] in October 1944.</ref>. Its population in 1904 was 27,800.<ref>Baedeker, Karl, ''Northern Germany'', Fourteenth revised edition, Leipzig & London, 1904, p.178.</ref> Outside Insterburg stood Schloss Georgenberg, an ancient castle originally erected as a seat of the Bishop of [[Samland]], which, in the 21st century due to neglect and vandalism has been badly damaged and partially demolished.

==History==
Insterburg was founded in 1336 by the [[Teutonic Knights]] when Dietrich von Altenburg, the new Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, built a castle here following the Prussian Crusade. During the Teutonic Knights' Northern Crusades against the Grand Duchy of [[Lithuania]], the town was devastated in 1376. The castle was rebuilt as the seat of a Procurator and a settlement grew around it. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466) between [[Poland]] and the Teutonic Knights, the settlement was devastated by Polish troops in 1457.

The area was depopulated by the Black Plague in the early 18th century, after which King Frederick William I of Prussia invited [[Protestant]] refugees who had been expelled from the [[Roman Catholic]] Archbishopric of [[Salzburg]] to settle in Insterburg in 1732. During the [[Seven Years' War]] the town was occupied by the [[Russian Empire]].

During the [[Napoleonic Wars]], French troops passed through and pillaged the town in 1806, 1807, 1811 and 1813. The [[Baltic baron]] and renowned soldier, Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, died at Insterburg in 1818 whilst tavelling from his Livonian manor to Germany proper. During [[World War I]] the [[Imperial Russia]]n Army invaded [[East Prussia]] and Insterburg was taken on 24 August 1914, but it was retaken by German forces on September 11th.

Prior to 1945 Insterburg was a major railway junction with two stations and major goods yards. Trains from here ran west to [[Thorn]] and, in the opposite directions to [[Saint Petersburg]] (via [[Gumbinnen]], and Edytkuhnen - the frontier station 94 miles from Insterburg), while another line went to [[Tilsit]] (90 miles) and [[Memel]].

===World War II===
The town was heavily bombed by the British [[Royal Air Force]] on 27 July, 1944, and was subsequently taken by Red Army troops 21/22 January, 1945 after heavy fighting. From October 1944 terrible atrocities were taking place as the [[Soviet Union|Red Army]] began to invade [[East Prussia]] and the reports of these caused many of the civilian population to flee West. Those who remained were raped, murdered or expelled<ref>Schieder, Professor Dr.Theodore; Rassow, Professor Dr.Peter; Laun, Professor Dr.Rudolf; Rothfels, Professor Dr.Hans, and Diestelkamp, Dr.Adolf, editors, ''The Expulsion of the German Population from the Territories East of the Oder-Neisse-Line'', vol.1, Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims, Bonn, West Germany, 1954.</ref>. The town was repopulated with imported Russian settlers.

==Notable people==
* Martin Grünberg (1665–c.1706), architect
* Johann Otto Uhde (1725–1766), composer and violinist
* Johann Friedrich Goldbeck (1748–1812), geographer and Protestant theologian
* Eduard Heinrich von Flottwell (1786–1865), politician
* Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Jordan (1819–1904), writer and politician
* Ernst Wichert (1831–1902), author
* Edward Frederick Moldenke (1836–1904), [[Lutheran]] theologian and missionary
* Hans Horst Meyer (1853–1939), pharmacologist
* Therese Malten (1855–1930), opera singer
* Paul Gerhard Neumann (1911–1986), physical oceanographer
* Hans Orlowski (1894–1967), woodcut artist and painter
* Fritz Karl Preikschat (1910–1994), engineer and inventor
* [[Kurt Kuhlmey]] (1913–1993), during [[World War II]], he served as ground-attack aircraft pilot in the [[Luftwaffe]], commanding two air wings. He flew over 500 combat missions, and in July 1942 was awarded the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]].
* [[Kurt Plenzat]] (1914–1998), was a ''Hauptmann'' (officer) and recipient of the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] with Oak Leaves during [[World War II]], recognising extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership, or both.
* Traugott Buhre (1929–2009), actor
* Harry Boldt (born 1930), Olympic champion in dressage
* Anatol Herzfeld (1931–2019), German sculptor and mixed media artist
* Jürgen Schmude (born 1936), [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] politician
* Hans-Jürgen Quadbeck-Seeger (born 1939), chemist

==Sources==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:East Prussia]]
[[Category:Germany]]
[[Category:Teutonic Order]]
[[Category:German towns]]
[[Category:Occupied Germany]]
[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]
[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[de:Insterburg]]