John Baker - Revision history

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Dr. '''John Randal Baker''' [[Royal Society|F.R.S.]] (23 October 1900 – 8 June 1984) was a [[biology|biologist]], [[physical anthropology|physical anthropologist]], and professor at the [[University of Oxford]] (where he was the [[Emeritus Reader]] in [[Cell biology|Cytology]]) in the mid-twentieth century. He is best remembered for his 1974 book, ''[[Race (book)|Race]]'', which classifies human [[race (classification of humans)|races]] in the same way in which animal [[subspecies]] are classified.

==Work==
In ''Race'', Baker explores, among other things, the nature of [[civilization]], giving 23 criteria by which civilizations may be identified. He explores the relationship between the biological traits and the cultures of five civilizations. Based on these criteria, Baker declared that Mesoamerican societies such as the [[Aztec]]s and [[Maya civilization|Maya]] were not civilizations, and that no [[indigenous peoples|indigenous civilizations]] ever arose in [[Africa]]. Baker rejected the [[methodological relativism]] that has characterized anthropology since the days of [[Franz Boas]], instead going back to earlier ideas of [[hereditarianism]] and [[cultural evolution]].

Together with [[Michael Polanyi]], Baker founded the [[Society for Freedom in Science]] in 1940. In March, 1958 he was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=6&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27baker%27%29|title= Library and Archive Catalogue|publisher= Royal Society|accessdate= 8 December 2010}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Sex in man and animals'' ... with a preface by [[Julian S. Huxley]], 1926
* ''Man and animals in the New Hebrides'', 1929
* ''Cytological technique'', 1933
* ''Biology in everyday life'', 1934
* ''Chemical control of conception'', with a chapter by [[H. M. Carleton]], 1935
* ''Scientific life'', 1942
* ''Science and the planned state'', 1945
* ''Discovery of the uses of colouring agents in biological micro-technique'', 1945
* ''Path of science'', by [[C.E. Kenneth Mees]] ... with the cooperation of John R. Baker ... 1946
* ''Principles of biological microtechnique; a study of fixation and dyeing'', 1958
* ''Cytological technique; the principles underlying routine methods'', 1960
* ''Cell structure and its interpretation''; essays presented to John Randal Baker, [[Royal Society|F.R.S.]] Edited by S. M. McGee-Russell and K. F. A. Ross, 1968
* ''Race'', 1974
* ''Evolution : the modern synthesis'' by [[Julian Huxley]] ; with a new introd. edited by John R. Baker, 1974
* ''Freedom of science'', 1975
* ''Julian Huxley, scientist and world citizen, 1887 to 1975 : a biographical memoir'', with a bibliography compiled by [[Jens-Peter Green]], 1978
* ''Biology of parasitic protozoa'', 1982
* ''Cell theory : a restatement, history, and critique'', 1988

==See also==
*[[Carleton S. Coon]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Anthropologists]]
[[Category:Biologists]]
[[Category:Early researchers and writers on race]]
[[Category:English]]