John Bercow - Revision history

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	'''John Simon Bercow''' (born 19 January 1963) is a ~~Jewish~~ former British politician who was Speaker of the House of Commons from 2009 to 2019, and a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Buckingham constituency between 1997 and 2019. A member of the Conservative Party prior to becoming Speaker, he was the first MP since 1971 to be elected Speaker without having been a Deputy Speaker. After resigning as Speaker in 2019 and not seeking re-election as a Member of Parliament in that year's General Election, Bercow left Parliament. In 2021, he joined the Labour Party but was suspended in 2022.		'''John Simon Bercow''' (born 19 January 1963) is a jewish former British politician who was Speaker of the House of Commons from 2009 to 2019, and a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Buckingham constituency between 1997 and 2019. A member of the Conservative Party prior to becoming Speaker, he was the first MP since 1971 to be elected Speaker without having been a Deputy Speaker. After resigning as Speaker in 2019 and not seeking re-election as a Member of Parliament in that year's General Election, Bercow left Parliament. In 2021, he joined the Labour Party but was suspended in 2022.

	In his youth, Bercow was relatively active in the Conservative Party and was a member of several [[Right-wing]] groups within the party, notably the [[Conservative Monday Club]]. He served as a Councillor from 1986–1990 and unsuccessfully contested parliamentary seats in the 1987 and 1992 General Elections. In the 1997 General Election Bercow was elected the MP for Buckingham, and promoted to the Conservative Party's Shadow Cabinet in 2001, in which he held posts under leaders [[Iain Duncan Smith]] and [[Michael Howard]]. In November 2002, he resigned from the Shadow Cabinet over disputes with the Adoption and Children Act but returned under the new ~~Jewish~~ party leader, [[Michael Howard]], in 2003. In September 2004, Bercow was sacked from the Shadow Cabinet.		In his youth, Bercow was relatively active in the Conservative Party and was a member of several [[Right-wing]] groups within the party, notably the [[Conservative Monday Club]]. He served as a Councillor from 1986–1990 and unsuccessfully contested parliamentary seats in the 1987 and 1992 General Elections. In the 1997 General Election Bercow was elected the MP for Buckingham, and promoted to the Conservative Party's Shadow Cabinet in 2001, in which he held posts under leaders [[Iain Duncan Smith]] and [[Michael Howard]]. In November 2002, he resigned from the Shadow Cabinet over disputes with the Adoption and Children Act but returned under the new jewish party leader, [[Michael Howard]], in 2003. In September 2004, Bercow was sacked from the Shadow Cabinet.

	Following the resignation of the Speaker, Michael Martin, Bercow announced his intention to stand for the position of Speaker of the British House of Commons in the internal election on 22 June 2009 and was successful due to the support of the Labour Party in the House. He was re-elected to this post on 18 May 2010 following unsuccessful challenges in the General Election.<ref>The Speaker of the House, although an elected member of Parliament, is considered to be outside party politics and therefore not usually opposed in General Elections</ref>		Following the resignation of the Speaker, Michael Martin, Bercow announced his intention to stand for the position of Speaker of the British House of Commons in the internal election on 22 June 2009 and was successful due to the support of the Labour Party in the House. He was re-elected to this post on 18 May 2010 following unsuccessful challenges in the General Election.<ref>The Speaker of the House, although an elected member of Parliament, is considered to be outside party politics and therefore not usually opposed in General Elections</ref>

	== Early life and career ==		== Early life and career ==
	Bercow was born to a British ~~Jewish~~ family in Edgware, Middlesex.<ref name="JC">{{cite news\|title= New ~~Jewish~~ ministers and the Miliband rivalry\|first=Jessica\|last=Elgot\|work=The ~~Jewish~~ Chronicle\|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/31823/new-jewish-ministers-and-miliband-rivalry}}</ref> His paternal grandparents were ~~Jews~~ who arrived in Britain from [[Romania]] a century ago.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/john-bercow-i-have-been-to-sudan--seen-the-poorest-people-on-the-planet-they-need-our-help-551108.html\|title=John Bercow: 'I have been to Sudan ... seen the poorest people on the planet. They need our help'\|work=The Independent\|date=2 August 2004\|accessdate=12 March 2008\|first=Marie\|last=Woolf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/5651054/Speaker-John-Bercow-called-for-assisted-repatriation-of-immigrants.html\|title=Speaker John Bercow called for 'assisted repatriation' of immigrants\|work=The Daily Telegraph\|date=26 June 2009\|accessdate=29 June 2009\|first1=Gordon\|last1=Rayner}}</ref> The son of a taxi driver, Bercow attended the State's Frith Manor Primary School in Woodside Park, and The Compton School, a large comprehensive State school in North Finchley, Middlesex.		Bercow was born to a British jewish family in Edgware, Middlesex.<ref name="JC">{{cite news\|title= New jewish ministers and the Miliband rivalry\|first=Jessica\|last=Elgot\|work=The jewish Chronicle\|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/31823/new-jewish-ministers-and-miliband-rivalry}}</ref> His paternal grandparents were jews who arrived in Britain from [[Romania]] a century ago.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/john-bercow-i-have-been-to-sudan--seen-the-poorest-people-on-the-planet-they-need-our-help-551108.html\|title=John Bercow: 'I have been to Sudan ... seen the poorest people on the planet. They need our help'\|work=The Independent\|date=2 August 2004\|accessdate=12 March 2008\|first=Marie\|last=Woolf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/5651054/Speaker-John-Bercow-called-for-assisted-repatriation-of-immigrants.html\|title=Speaker John Bercow called for 'assisted repatriation' of immigrants\|work=The Daily Telegraph\|date=26 June 2009\|accessdate=29 June 2009\|first1=Gordon\|last1=Rayner}}</ref> The son of a taxi driver, Bercow attended the State's Frith Manor Primary School in Woodside Park, and The Compton School, a large comprehensive State school in North Finchley, Middlesex.

	In his youth, Bercow had been ranked Britain's No.1 junior tennis player. However a bout of [[glandular fever]] ended his chances of pursuing a career as a professional tennis player.<ref>[http://www.eadt.co.uk/content/eadt/news/politics/story.aspx?brand=EADOnline&category=Politics&tBrand=EADOnline&tCategory=xDefault&itemid=IPED17%20Jun%202009%2009%3A21%3A22%3A640 The 10 who want to be called Mr Speaker], ''East Anglian Daily Times'', 17 June 2009</ref>		In his youth, Bercow had been ranked Britain's No.1 junior tennis player. However a bout of [[glandular fever]] ended his chances of pursuing a career as a professional tennis player.<ref>[http://www.eadt.co.uk/content/eadt/news/politics/story.aspx?brand=EADOnline&category=Politics&tBrand=EADOnline&tCategory=xDefault&itemid=IPED17%20Jun%202009%2009%3A21%3A22%3A640 The 10 who want to be called Mr Speaker], ''East Anglian Daily Times'', 17 June 2009</ref>
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	After graduating from university, Bercow was elected as the last National Chairman of the extremely radical [[Federation of Conservative Students]] (FCS) from 1986–87.<ref name="Essex"/> The FCS was subsequently broken up by the [[Chairman of the Conservative Party]], [[Norman Tebbit]] (a former Monday Club member), reportedly for being too right-wing. Bercow attracted the attention of the Conservative leadership, and in 1987 he was appointed by Tebbit as Vice-Chairman of the [[Conservative Collegiate Forum]] (the successor organisation of the FCS) to head the campaign for student support in the run-up to the 1987 General Election.		After graduating from university, Bercow was elected as the last National Chairman of the extremely radical [[Federation of Conservative Students]] (FCS) from 1986–87.<ref name="Essex"/> The FCS was subsequently broken up by the [[Chairman of the Conservative Party]], [[Norman Tebbit]] (a former Monday Club member), reportedly for being too right-wing. Bercow attracted the attention of the Conservative leadership, and in 1987 he was appointed by Tebbit as Vice-Chairman of the [[Conservative Collegiate Forum]] (the successor organisation of the FCS) to head the campaign for student support in the run-up to the 1987 General Election.

	After a spell in merchant banking, Bercow joined the lobbying firm Rowland Sallingbury Casey (part of the ~~Jewish~~ firm of Saatchi & Saatchi) in 1988, becoming a board director within five years.		After a spell in merchant banking, Bercow joined the lobbying firm Rowland Sallingbury Casey (part of the jewish firm of Saatchi & Saatchi) in 1988, becoming a board director within five years.

	With fellow-~~Jewish~~ liberal-conservative [[Julian Lewis]], Bercow ran an Advanced Speaking and Campaigning course for over ten years, which trained over 600 Conservatives in campaigning and communication techniques. He has also lectured in the [[United States]] to students of the so-called Leadership Institute.<ref name="sundaytimes">[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article6590638.ece John Bercow: Little Mr Turncoat in an awfully big chair], ''The Sunday Times'', 28 June 2009</ref>		With fellow-jewish liberal-conservative [[Julian Lewis]], Bercow ran an Advanced Speaking and Campaigning course for over ten years, which trained over 600 Conservatives in campaigning and communication techniques. He has also lectured in the [[United States]] to students of the so-called Leadership Institute.<ref name="sundaytimes">[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article6590638.ece John Bercow: Little Mr Turncoat in an awfully big chair], ''The Sunday Times'', 28 June 2009</ref>

	== Political career ==		== Political career ==
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	Bercow's election as Speaker was controversial because he is believed to have had the support of very few MPs from his own Party. Fellow Conservative MPs generally viewed Bercow with distrust because of his changing political views (having moved over the years from being very right-wing to become more socially liberal, leading to clashes with past party leaders), his acceptance of an advisory role from the Labour government (a party he had often been rumoured to be on the verge of joining), his general lack of good relations with fellow MPs from his own party, and his vigorous campaigning for the Speaker's job. It has been speculated that he received the votes of as few as three of his fellow Conservative MPs. However he received the votes of a large number of Labour MPs, many of whom were angered at the way they perceived Michael Martin to have been hounded out of the job and wanted his replacement to be someone who was not a favourite of the Conservative Party.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article6565099.ece Farewell to tights as new Speaker John Bercow presides over Commons], ''The Times'', 24 June 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13919553 Laws, sausages, speakers], ''The Economist'', 25 June 2009</ref>		Bercow's election as Speaker was controversial because he is believed to have had the support of very few MPs from his own Party. Fellow Conservative MPs generally viewed Bercow with distrust because of his changing political views (having moved over the years from being very right-wing to become more socially liberal, leading to clashes with past party leaders), his acceptance of an advisory role from the Labour government (a party he had often been rumoured to be on the verge of joining), his general lack of good relations with fellow MPs from his own party, and his vigorous campaigning for the Speaker's job. It has been speculated that he received the votes of as few as three of his fellow Conservative MPs. However he received the votes of a large number of Labour MPs, many of whom were angered at the way they perceived Michael Martin to have been hounded out of the job and wanted his replacement to be someone who was not a favourite of the Conservative Party.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article6565099.ece Farewell to tights as new Speaker John Bercow presides over Commons], ''The Times'', 24 June 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13919553 Laws, sausages, speakers], ''The Economist'', 25 June 2009</ref>

	Bercow is the first [[British ~~Jews~~\|~~Jewish~~]] Speaker,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://jta.org/news/article/2009/06/23/1006053/british-lawmakers-elect-first-jewish-speaker\|title=British lawmakers elect first ~~Jewish~~ speaker\|work=JTA\|date=23 June 2009\|accessdate=30 November 2010}}</ref> the first Speaker to have been elected by an [[exhaustive ballot]], and the first Speaker not to wear traditional court robes while presiding over the House of Commons.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article6565099.ece\|work=The Times\|title=Farewell to tights as new Speaker John Bercow presides over Commons\|first=Philip\|last=Webster\|date=24 June 2009\|accessdate=6 May 2010}}</ref>		Bercow is the first [[British jews\|jewish]] Speaker,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://jta.org/news/article/2009/06/23/1006053/british-lawmakers-elect-first-jewish-speaker\|title=British lawmakers elect first jewish speaker\|work=JTA\|date=23 June 2009\|accessdate=30 November 2010}}</ref> the first Speaker to have been elected by an [[exhaustive ballot]], and the first Speaker not to wear traditional court robes while presiding over the House of Commons.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article6565099.ece\|work=The Times\|title=Farewell to tights as new Speaker John Bercow presides over Commons\|first=Philip\|last=Webster\|date=24 June 2009\|accessdate=6 May 2010}}</ref>

	According to some MPs, Conservatives believe that Bercow has behaved in a biased manner as Speaker.<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/uk-speaker-urged-to-back-disabled-mp/story-e6frg6so-1226001390316 \| first=Roland \| last=Watson \| title=UK speaker urged to back disabled MP \| date=7 February 2011}}</ref>		According to some MPs, Conservatives believe that Bercow has behaved in a biased manner as Speaker.<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/uk-speaker-urged-to-back-disabled-mp/story-e6frg6so-1226001390316 \| first=Roland \| last=Watson \| title=UK speaker urged to back disabled MP \| date=7 February 2011}}</ref>
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	== References ==		== References ==
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 '''John Simon Bercow''' (born 19 January 1963) is a Jewish former British politician who was Speaker of the House of Commons from 2009 to 2019, and a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Buckingham constituency between 1997 and 2019. A member of the Conservative Party prior to becoming Speaker, he was the first MP since 1971 to be elected Speaker without having been a Deputy Speaker. After resigning as Speaker in 2019 and not seeking re-election as a Member of Parliament in that year's General Election, Bercow left Parliament. In 2021, he joined the Labour Party but was suspended in 2022.
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