Julian the Apostate - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Jew" to "jew"

2023-10-16T06:10:05Z

Text replacement - "Jew" to "jew"

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:10, 15 October 2023
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	=Favoring jews=		=Favoring jews=
	Shortly after, in December AD 361, Julian entered Constantinople as the sole emperor of the Roman world. Some of Constantius II’s supporters were executed, others were exiled. But Julian’s accession was by no means such a bloody one as when the three sons of Constantine begun their reign.		Shortly after, in December AD 361, Julian entered Constantinople as the sole emperor of the Roman world. Some of Constantius II’s supporters were executed, others were exiled. But Julian’s accession was by no means such a bloody one as when the three sons of Constantine begun their reign.
	The Christian church was now refused the financial privileges enjoyed under previous regimes, and Christians were excluded from the teaching profession. In an attempt to undermine the Christian position, Julian favored the ~~Jews~~, hoping they might rival the Christian faith and deprive it of many of its followers. He even considered the reconstruction of the Great Temple at Jerusalem.		The Christian church was now refused the financial privileges enjoyed under previous regimes, and Christians were excluded from the teaching profession. In an attempt to undermine the Christian position, Julian favored the jews, hoping they might rival the Christian faith and deprive it of many of its followers. He even considered the reconstruction of the Great Temple at Jerusalem.
	Though Christianity had established itself too firmly in Roman society to be successfully dislodged by Julian’s means. His moderate, philosophical [[nature]] did not allow for violent persecution and oppression of the Christians and so his measures failed to make significant impact.		Though Christianity had established itself too firmly in Roman society to be successfully dislodged by Julian’s means. His moderate, philosophical [[nature]] did not allow for violent persecution and oppression of the Christians and so his measures failed to make significant impact.
	One might argue that if Julian had been a man of the fibre of Constantine the Great, his attempted return to paganism might have been more successful. A ruthless, single-minded autocrat who would have enforced his desired changes with bloody persecutions might have succeeded. For large parts of the ordinary population were still pagans. But this high-minded intellectual was not ruthless enough to use such methods.		One might argue that if Julian had been a man of the fibre of Constantine the Great, his attempted return to paganism might have been more successful. A ruthless, single-minded autocrat who would have enforced his desired changes with bloody persecutions might have succeeded. For large parts of the ordinary population were still pagans. But this high-minded intellectual was not ruthless enough to use such methods.

Bacchus: Text replacement - "nature" to "nature"

2023-02-18T02:05:20Z

Text replacement - "nature" to "nature"

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 17 February 2023
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	Shortly after, in December AD 361, Julian entered Constantinople as the sole emperor of the Roman world. Some of Constantius II’s supporters were executed, others were exiled. But Julian’s accession was by no means such a bloody one as when the three sons of Constantine begun their reign.		Shortly after, in December AD 361, Julian entered Constantinople as the sole emperor of the Roman world. Some of Constantius II’s supporters were executed, others were exiled. But Julian’s accession was by no means such a bloody one as when the three sons of Constantine begun their reign.
	The Christian church was now refused the financial privileges enjoyed under previous regimes, and Christians were excluded from the teaching profession. In an attempt to undermine the Christian position, Julian favored the Jews, hoping they might rival the Christian faith and deprive it of many of its followers. He even considered the reconstruction of the Great Temple at Jerusalem.		The Christian church was now refused the financial privileges enjoyed under previous regimes, and Christians were excluded from the teaching profession. In an attempt to undermine the Christian position, Julian favored the Jews, hoping they might rival the Christian faith and deprive it of many of its followers. He even considered the reconstruction of the Great Temple at Jerusalem.
	Though Christianity had established itself too firmly in Roman society to be successfully dislodged by Julian’s means. His moderate, philosophical nature did not allow for violent persecution and oppression of the Christians and so his measures failed to make significant impact.		Though Christianity had established itself too firmly in Roman society to be successfully dislodged by Julian’s means. His moderate, philosophical [[nature]] did not allow for violent persecution and oppression of the Christians and so his measures failed to make significant impact.
	One might argue that if Julian had been a man of the fibre of Constantine the Great, his attempted return to paganism might have been more successful. A ruthless, single-minded autocrat who would have enforced his desired changes with bloody persecutions might have succeeded. For large parts of the ordinary population were still pagans. But this high-minded intellectual was not ruthless enough to use such methods.		One might argue that if Julian had been a man of the fibre of Constantine the Great, his attempted return to paganism might have been more successful. A ruthless, single-minded autocrat who would have enforced his desired changes with bloody persecutions might have succeeded. For large parts of the ordinary population were still pagans. But this high-minded intellectual was not ruthless enough to use such methods.
	Indeed, the intellectual Julian was a great writer, second only perhaps to the philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius, composing essays, satires, speeches, commentaries and letters of great quality.		Indeed, the intellectual Julian was a great writer, second only perhaps to the philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius, composing essays, satires, speeches, commentaries and letters of great quality.

Rightof Genghiskhan at 05:22, 3 January 2023

2023-01-03T05:22:19Z

Bacchus: Text replacement - "Category:People|" to "Category:People"

2022-12-13T00:28:35Z

Text replacement - "Category:People|" to "Category:People"

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 12 December 2022
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	At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.		At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.

	[[Category:People]]\|		[[Category:People]]
	[[Category:Politicians]]		[[Category:Politicians]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	[[Category:Scientists]]		[[Category:Scientists]]
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Bacchus: Text replacement - "Category:People" to "Category:People|"

2022-12-11T09:43:22Z

Text replacement - "Category:People" to "Category:People|"

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:43, 11 December 2022
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	At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.		At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.

	[[Category:People]]		[[Category:People]]\|
	[[Category:Politicians]]		[[Category:Politicians]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	[[Category:Scientists]]		[[Category:Scientists]]
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Bacchus: Text replacement - "Category:People|" to "Category:People"

2022-11-29T15:30:07Z

Text replacement - "Category:People|" to "Category:People"

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:30, 29 November 2022
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	At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.		At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.

	[[Category:People]]\|		[[Category:People]]
	[[Category:Politicians]]		[[Category:Politicians]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	[[Category:Scientists]]		[[Category:Scientists]]
	[[Category:Philosophers]]		[[Category:Philosophers]]

Bacchus: Text replacement - "Category:People" to "Category:People|"

2022-11-28T13:21:08Z

Text replacement - "Category:People" to "Category:People|"

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:21, 28 November 2022
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	At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.		At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.

	[[Category:People]]		[[Category:People]]\|
	[[Category:Politicians]]		[[Category:Politicians]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	[[Category:Scientists]]		[[Category:Scientists]]
	[[Category:Philosophers]]		[[Category:Philosophers]]

Bacchus: Text replacement - "Category:People|" to "Category:People"

2022-11-27T21:57:29Z

Text replacement - "Category:People|" to "Category:People"

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:57, 27 November 2022
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	At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.		At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.

	[[Category:People]]\|		[[Category:People]]
	[[Category:Politicians]]		[[Category:Politicians]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	[[Category:Scientists]]		[[Category:Scientists]]
	[[Category:Philosophers]]		[[Category:Philosophers]]

Bacchus: Text replacement - "Category:People" to "Category:People|"

2022-11-27T00:47:18Z

Text replacement - "Category:People" to "Category:People|"

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 26 November 2022
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	At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.		At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.

	[[Category:People]]		[[Category:People]]\|
	[[Category:Politicians]]		[[Category:Politicians]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	[[Category:Scientists]]		[[Category:Scientists]]
	[[Category:Philosophers]]		[[Category:Philosophers]]

Deleted User: Text replacement - "Category:People|" to "Category:People"

2022-11-24T22:25:28Z

Text replacement - "Category:People|" to "Category:People"

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:25, 24 November 2022
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	At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.		At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.

	[[Category:People]]\|		[[Category:People]]
	[[Category:Politicians]]		[[Category:Politicians]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	[[Category:Scientists]]		[[Category:Scientists]]
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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:22, 2 January 2023
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	{{Cleanup}}[[File:JApostate.png\|thumb\|right\|Julian the Apostate]]		{{Cleanup}}[[File:JApostate.png\|thumb\|right\|Julian the Apostate]]
	Julian was born in AD 332 at Constantinople, the son of Julius Constantius, who was a half-brother of Constantine the Great. His mother was Basilina, the daughter of the governor of Egypt, who died shortly after his birth.		Julian was born in AD 332 at Constantinople, the son of Julius Constantius, who was a half-brother of Constantine the Great. His mother was Basilina, the daughter of the governor of Egypt, who died shortly after his birth. His father was killed in AD 337 in the murders of Constantine’s relatives by the three brother-emperors Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans, who sought to not only have their co-heirs Dalmatius and Hannibalianus, but so too all other potential rivals killed.
	His father was killed in AD 337 in the murders of Constantine’s relatives by the three brother-emperors Constantine II, Constantius II and Constans, who sought to not only have their co-heirs Dalmatius and Hannibalianus, but so too all other potential rivals killed.

	=Destruction of the Constantines=		=Destruction of the Constantines=
	After this massacre Julian, his half brother Constantius Gallus, Constantine’s sister Eutropia and her son Nepotianus were the only remaining relatives of Constantine left alive, other than the three emperors themselves.		After this massacre Julian, his half-brother Constantius Gallus, Constantine’s sister Eutropia and her son Nepotianus were the only remaining relatives of Constantine left alive, other than the three emperors themselves.
	Constantius II placed Julian in the care of the eunuch Mardonius, who educated him in the classical tradition of Rome, thereby instilling in him a great interest for literature, philosophy and the old pagan gods. Following in these classical tracks, Julian studied grammar and rhetoric, until he was moved from Constantinople to Nicomedia by the emperor in AD 342. Constantius II evidently didn’t like the idea of a youth of Constantine’s blood being too close to the ~~centre~~ of power, even if only as a student. Soon after Julian was moved again, this time to a remote fortress at Macellum in Cappadocia, together with his half-brother Gallus. There Julian was given a Christian education. Yet his interest in the pagan classics continued undiminished.		Constantius II placed Julian in the care of the eunuch Mardonius, who educated him in the classical tradition of Rome, thereby instilling in him a great interest for literature, philosophy and the old pagan gods. Following in these classical tracks, Julian studied grammar and rhetoric, until he was moved from Constantinople to Nicomedia by the emperor in AD 342. Constantius II evidently didn’t like the idea of a youth of Constantine’s blood being too close to the center of power, even if only as a student. Soon after Julian was moved again, this time to a remote fortress at Macellum in Cappadocia, together with his half-brother Gallus. There Julian was given a Christian education. Yet his interest in the pagan classics continued undiminished.

	=Becoming Emperor=		=Becoming Emperor=
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	Did Julian prove to be a talented leader, then his abilities earned him no sympathies at the court of Constantius II. Whilst the emperor was suffering setbacks at the hands of the Persians these victories by his Caesar were seen only as embarrassments.		Did Julian prove to be a talented leader, then his abilities earned him no sympathies at the court of Constantius II. Whilst the emperor was suffering setbacks at the hands of the Persians these victories by his Caesar were seen only as embarrassments.
	Constantius II jealousies were such that it is believed he was even forming plans to have Julian assassinated.		Constantius II jealousies were such that it is believed he was even forming plans to have Julian assassinated.
	But the military predicament of Constantius II with the Persians required urgent attention. And so he demanded Julian to send some of his finest troops as reinforcements in the war against the Persians.		But the military predicament of Constantius II with the Persians required urgent attention. And so, he demanded Julian to send some of his finest troops as reinforcements in the war against the Persians.
	But the soldiers in Gaul refused to obey. Their loyalties lay with Julian and they saw this order as a an act of jealousy on behalf of the emperor.		But the soldiers in Gaul refused to obey. Their loyalties lay with Julian, and they saw this order as a an act of jealousy on behalf of the emperor.
	Instead in February AD 360 they hailed Julian emperor.		Instead in February AD 360 they hailed Julian emperor.

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	=Favoring jews=		=Favoring jews=
	Shortly after, in December AD 361, Julian entered Constantinople as the sole emperor of the Roman world. Some of Constantius II’s supporters were executed, others were exiled. But Julian’s accession was by no means such a bloody one as when the three sons of Constantine ~~had began~~ their reign.		Shortly after, in December AD 361, Julian entered Constantinople as the sole emperor of the Roman world. Some of Constantius II’s supporters were executed, others were exiled. But Julian’s accession was by no means such a bloody one as when the three sons of Constantine begun their reign.
	The Christian church was now refused the financial privileges enjoyed under previous regimes, and Christians were excluded from the teaching profession. In an attempt to undermine the Christian position, Julian ~~favoured~~ the ~~jews~~, hoping they might rival the Christian faith and deprive it of many of its followers. He even considered the reconstruction of the Great Temple at Jerusalem.		The Christian church was now refused the financial privileges enjoyed under previous regimes, and Christians were excluded from the teaching profession. In an attempt to undermine the Christian position, Julian favored the Jews, hoping they might rival the Christian faith and deprive it of many of its followers. He even considered the reconstruction of the Great Temple at Jerusalem.
	Though Christianity had established itself too firmly in Roman society to be successfully dislodged by Julian’s means. His moderate, philosophical nature did not allow for violent persecution and oppression of the Christians and so his measures failed to make significant impact.		Though Christianity had established itself too firmly in Roman society to be successfully dislodged by Julian’s means. His moderate, philosophical nature did not allow for violent persecution and oppression of the Christians and so his measures failed to make significant impact.
	One might argue that if Julian had been a man of the fibre of Constantine the Great, his attempted return to paganism might have been more successful. A ruthless, single-minded autocrat who would have enforced his desired changes with bloody persecutions might have succeeded. For large parts of the ordinary population were still pagans. But this high-minded intellectual was not ruthless enough to use such methods.		One might argue that if Julian had been a man of the fibre of Constantine the Great, his attempted return to paganism might have been more successful. A ruthless, single-minded autocrat who would have enforced his desired changes with bloody persecutions might have succeeded. For large parts of the ordinary population were still pagans. But this high-minded intellectual was not ruthless enough to use such methods.
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	Like others before him, Julian also cherished the thought of one day defeating the Persians and annexing their territories into the empire.		Like others before him, Julian also cherished the thought of one day defeating the Persians and annexing their territories into the empire.
	In March AD 363 he left Antioch at the head of sixty thousand men. Successfully invading Persian territory, he had by June driven his forces as far as the capital Ctesiphon. But Julian deemed his force too small to venture on capturing the Persian capital and instead retreated to join with a Roman reserve column.		In March AD 363 he left Antioch at the head of sixty thousand men. Successfully invading Persian territory, he had by June driven his forces as far as the capital Ctesiphon. But Julian deemed his force too small to venture on capturing the Persian capital and instead retreated to join with a Roman reserve column.
	On 26 June AD 363 Julian the Apostate was hit by an arrow in a skirmish with Persian cavalry. Though a rumour claimed he was stabbed by a Christian among his soldiers. Whatever the cause for the injury, the wound did not heal and Julian died.		On 26 June AD 363 Julian the Apostate was hit by an arrow in a skirmish with Persian cavalry. Though a rumour claimed he was stabbed by a Christian among his soldiers. Whatever the cause for the injury, the wound did not heal, and Julian died.

	At first he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.		At first, he was, as he had wished, buried outside Tarsus. But later his body was exhumed and taken to Constantinople.

	[[Category:People]]		[[Category:People]]