Knights Templar - Revision history

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	[[File:Templar (middle) and Hospitaller (right) during the Third Crusade.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|350px\|Templar (middle) and [[Hospitaller]] (right) during the [[Third Crusade]]]]		[[File:Templar (middle) and Hospitaller (right) during the Third Crusade.png\|thumb\|350px\|Templar (middle) and [[Hospitaller]] (right) during the [[Third Crusade]]]]
	The '''Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon''', commonly known as the '''Knights Templar''' or the '''Order of the Temple''', were among the most famous of the [[History of Christianity#Sanctification of knighthood\|Western Christian]] [[military order]]s.<ref name=Barber>Malcolm Barber, ''The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple''. [[Cambridge University Press]], 1994. ISBN 0-521-42041-5.</ref> The organization existed for approximately two centuries in the [[Middle Ages]]. Eventually, it became very wealthy. Falsely accused of blasphemy and blamed for [[Crusader]] failures, the order was destroyed by King [[Philip IV of France]]. The organization was associated with the [[Holy Grail]] legend. The [[Freemasons]] later claimed to have received [[esoteric]] knowledge from the Knights Templar. Other organizations similarly invoked the Templar name to bolster claims. They have also been used in [[conspiracy theories]] and fiction.		The '''Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon''', commonly known as the '''Knights Templar''' or the '''Order of the Temple''', were among the most famous of the [[History of Christianity#Sanctification of knighthood\|Western Christian]] [[military order]]s.<ref name=Barber>Malcolm Barber, ''The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple''. [[Cambridge University Press]], 1994. ISBN 0-521-42041-5.</ref> The organization existed for approximately two centuries in the [[Middle Ages]]. Eventually, it became very wealthy. Falsely accused of blasphemy and blamed for [[Crusader]] failures, the order was destroyed by King [[Philip IV of France]]. The organization was associated with the [[Holy Grail]] legend. The [[Freemasons]] later claimed to have received [[esoteric]] knowledge from the Knights Templar. Other organizations similarly invoked the Templar name to bolster claims. They have also been used in [[conspiracy theories]] and fiction.

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	==References==		==References==
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[[File:Templar (middle) and Hospitaller (right) during the Third Crusade.jpg|thumb|350px|Templar (middle) and [[Hospitaller]] (right) during the [[Third Crusade]]]]
The '''Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon''', commonly known as the '''Knights Templar''' or the '''Order of the Temple''', were among the most famous of the [[History of Christianity#Sanctification of knighthood|Western Christian]] [[military order]]s.<ref name=Barber>Malcolm Barber, ''The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple''. [[Cambridge University Press]], 1994. ISBN 0-521-42041-5.</ref> The organization existed for approximately two centuries in the [[Middle Ages]]. Eventually, it became very wealthy. Falsely accused of blasphemy and blamed for [[Crusader]] failures, the order was destroyed by King [[Philip IV of France]]. The organization was associated with the [[Holy Grail]] legend. The [[Freemasons]] later claimed to have received [[esoteric]] knowledge from the Knights Templar. Other organizations similarly invoked the Templar name to bolster claims. They have also been used in [[conspiracy theories]] and fiction.

==History==
Officially endorsed by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] around 1129, the Order became a favored charity throughout Christendom, and grew rapidly in membership and power. Templar knights, in their distinctive white [[Mantle (vesture)|mantles]] with a red [[Christian cross|cross]], were among the most skilled fighting units of the [[Crusades]]. Non-combatant members of the Order managed a large economic infrastructure throughout [[Christendom]], innovating financial techniques that were an early form of [[banking]],<ref>Martin, p. 47.</ref><ref>Nicholson, p. 4</ref> and building many [[fortification]]s across Europe and the [[Holy Land]].

The Templars' existence was tied closely to the Crusades; when the Holy Land was lost, support for the Order faded. Rumors about the Templars' secret initiation ceremony created mistrust, and King [[Philip IV of France]], deeply in debt to the Order, took advantage of the situation. In 1307, many of the Order's members in France were arrested, tortured into giving [[false confession]]s, and then [[execution by burning|burned at the stake]].<ref name=Barber-trial>Malcolm Barber, ''The Trial of the Templars''. Cambridge University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-521-45727-0.</ref> Under pressure from King Philip, [[Pope Clement V]] disbanded the Order in 1312. The abrupt disappearance of a major part of the European infrastructure gave rise to speculation and legends, which have kept the "Templar" name alive into the modern day.

== See also ==
*[[Crusades]]
*[[Knights]]

==External links==
=== Encyclopedias ===
*[https://www.ancient.eu/Knights_Templar/ Ancient History Encyclopedia: Knights Templar]
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Templars Encyclopedia Britannica: Templar]
*[https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/t/templars.html Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition: Templars]
*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/modern-europe/heraldry-knighthood-and-chivalry/knights-templars Encyclopedia.com: Knights Templars]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Military orders]]
[[Category:Knights]]
[[de:Templerorden]]
[[es:Caballeros Templarios]]