𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:Human evolution" to "Category:Human origin"

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	==Regional continuity==		==Regional continuity==
	[[File:Human evolution theory.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|[[Human evolution theory]]]]		[[File:Human evolution theory.png\|thumb\|300px\|[[Human evolution theory]]]]
	[[File:Danuvius guggenmosi.~~jpg~~\|thumb\|300px\|''Our upright posture may have originated in a common ancestor of humans and great apes who lived in Europe - and not in Africa, as previously thought. That’s the conclusion reached by an international research team headed by Professor Madelaine Böhme from the Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen in a study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. Böhme has discovered fossils of a previously unknown primate in southern [[Germany]]. The fossils of Danuvius guggenmosi, which lived 11.62 million years ago, suggest that it was well adapted to both walking upright on two legs as well as using all four limbs while climbing. The ability to walk upright is considered a key characteristic of humans. The researchers say their analysis of the fossils show that Danuvius were able to walk on two legs nearly twelve million years ago. Up to now, the oldest evidence of an upright gait is a mere six million years old, and was found on the Mediterranean island of Crete as well as in Kenya. “The finds in southern Germany are a milestone in palaeoanthropology, because they raise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans,” says Böhme. Working with the Professor from Tübingen were researchers from [[Bulgaria]], [[Germany]], [[Canada]] and the [[United States]]. Ever since [[Darwin]], the early evolution of humans and our cousins, the great apes, has been intensely debated. At the center of these debates is the question of how humans came to walk on two legs. Did bipedal humans evolve from tree-dwelling, monkey-like apes which moved on all fours? From brachiating apes similar to orangutans? Or from knuckle-walking apes like chimpanzees and gorillas? Over the last 150 years many hypotheses have been advocated, but supporting fossil evidence has so far mostly been lacking. The Danuvius guggenmosi fossils were discovered between 2015 and 2018. Working in the Hammerschmiede clay pit in the Allgäu region of Bavaria, Böhme and her team excavated more than 15,000 fossil vertebrate bones from the ancient humid and forested ecosystems that were abundant in southern Germany at that time. The new primate fossils include the remains of at least four individuals. The most complete skeleton, of a male Danuvius, has body proportions similar to modern-day bonobos. Thanks to completely preserved limb bones, vertebra, finger and toe bones, the researchers were able to reconstruct the way Danuvius moved about in its environment. “For the first time, we were able to investigate several functionally important joints, including the elbow, hip, knee and ankle, in a single fossil skeleton of this age,” Böhme says. “It was astonishing for us to realize how similar certain bones are to humans, as opposed to great apes.”''<ref>[https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/newsfullview-news/article/new-human-ancestor-discovered-in-europe/ New human ancestor discovered in Europe], 2019 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230701211110/https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/newsfullview-news/article/new-human-ancestor-discovered-in-europe/ Archive])</ref>]]		[[File:Danuvius guggenmosi.png\|thumb\|300px\|''Our upright posture may have originated in a common ancestor of humans and great apes who lived in Europe - and not in Africa, as previously thought. That’s the conclusion reached by an international research team headed by Professor Madelaine Böhme from the Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen in a study published Wednesday in the journal Nature. Böhme has discovered fossils of a previously unknown primate in southern [[Germany]]. The fossils of Danuvius guggenmosi, which lived 11.62 million years ago, suggest that it was well adapted to both walking upright on two legs as well as using all four limbs while climbing. The ability to walk upright is considered a key characteristic of humans. The researchers say their analysis of the fossils show that Danuvius were able to walk on two legs nearly twelve million years ago. Up to now, the oldest evidence of an upright gait is a mere six million years old, and was found on the Mediterranean island of Crete as well as in Kenya. “The finds in southern Germany are a milestone in palaeoanthropology, because they raise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans,” says Böhme. Working with the Professor from Tübingen were researchers from [[Bulgaria]], [[Germany]], [[Canada]] and the [[United States]]. Ever since [[Darwin]], the early evolution of humans and our cousins, the great apes, has been intensely debated. At the center of these debates is the question of how humans came to walk on two legs. Did bipedal humans evolve from tree-dwelling, monkey-like apes which moved on all fours? From brachiating apes similar to orangutans? Or from knuckle-walking apes like chimpanzees and gorillas? Over the last 150 years many hypotheses have been advocated, but supporting fossil evidence has so far mostly been lacking. The Danuvius guggenmosi fossils were discovered between 2015 and 2018. Working in the Hammerschmiede clay pit in the Allgäu region of Bavaria, Böhme and her team excavated more than 15,000 fossil vertebrate bones from the ancient humid and forested ecosystems that were abundant in southern Germany at that time. The new primate fossils include the remains of at least four individuals. The most complete skeleton, of a male Danuvius, has body proportions similar to modern-day bonobos. Thanks to completely preserved limb bones, vertebra, finger and toe bones, the researchers were able to reconstruct the way Danuvius moved about in its environment. “For the first time, we were able to investigate several functionally important joints, including the elbow, hip, knee and ankle, in a single fossil skeleton of this age,” Böhme says. “It was astonishing for us to realize how similar certain bones are to humans, as opposed to great apes.”''<ref>[https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/newsfullview-news/article/new-human-ancestor-discovered-in-europe/ New human ancestor discovered in Europe], 2019 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20230701211110/https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/newsfullview-news/article/new-human-ancestor-discovered-in-europe/ Archive])</ref>]]
	The term "multiregional hypothesis" was first coined in the early 1980s by Milford H. Wolpoff and colleagues as an explanation for the apparent similarities seen in ''Homo erectus'' and ''Homo sapiens'' fossils from the same region, what they called ''regional continuity''.<ref name=Wolpoff1988/>		The term "multiregional hypothesis" was first coined in the early 1980s by Milford H. Wolpoff and colleagues as an explanation for the apparent similarities seen in ''Homo erectus'' and ''Homo sapiens'' fossils from the same region, what they called ''regional continuity''.<ref name=Wolpoff1988/>

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	Ancient mitochondrial DNA sequence, extracted from 37,000 years old Neanderthal specimens, and mitochondrial DNA from present day humans have different sequences. However, the largest example of sequenced Neanderthal nuclear DNA comprised 1 million base pairs compared to a human nuclear genome size of roughly 3 billion base pairs. This amounts to a comparison of only 0.033% of the genomes.		Ancient mitochondrial DNA sequence, extracted from 37,000 years old Neanderthal specimens, and mitochondrial DNA from present day humans have different sequences. However, the largest example of sequenced Neanderthal nuclear DNA comprised 1 million base pairs compared to a human nuclear genome size of roughly 3 billion base pairs. This amounts to a comparison of only 0.033% of the genomes.
	[[File:Not Out Of Africa (Lefkowitz).~~jpg~~\|right\|310px]]		[[File:Not Out Of Africa (Lefkowitz).png\|right\|310px]]
	===''Not Out Of Africa''===		===''Not Out Of Africa''===

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:Human evolution]]		[[Category:Human evolution]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-06T07:07:14Z

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en>Crusader at 00:03, 27 October 2023

2023-10-27T00:03:15Z