Nakam - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[[a-z][a-z]\:(.*)\]\]" to ""

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	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]

	~~[[de:Nakam]]~~
	~~[[es:Nakam]]~~

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Holocaust" to "Holohoax"

2024-02-25T08:56:49Z

Text replacement - "Holocaust" to "Holohoax"

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:56, 24 February 2024
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	The ''Nakam'', formerly the '''Nokmim''' ("Avengers"), were a jewish [[partisan\|terrorist]] group led by [[Abba Kovner]], which operated in [[Lithuania]] under [[Soviet Union\|Soviet]] command.		The ''Nakam'', formerly the '''Nokmim''' ("Avengers"), were a jewish [[partisan\|terrorist]] group led by [[Abba Kovner]], which operated in [[Lithuania]] under [[Soviet Union\|Soviet]] command.

	After [[World War II]], elements of the Nokmim combined with veterans of the [[jewish Brigade]] in [[Mandatory Palestine\|British Palestine]] to form a new organization called '''Nakam''', a group of around 60 jews that planned to assassinate [[National Socialist]]s who were suspected or alleged war criminals and to conduct a genocidal mass killing of six million Germans, with the aim of avenging the so-called [[~~Holocaust~~]].<ref name="Freedland">{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/26/second.world.war\|title=Revenge\|last=Freedland\|first=Jonathan\|date=July 26, 2008\|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>		After [[World War II]], elements of the Nokmim combined with veterans of the [[jewish Brigade]] in [[Mandatory Palestine\|British Palestine]] to form a new organization called '''Nakam''', a group of around 60 jews that planned to assassinate [[National Socialist]]s who were suspected or alleged war criminals and to conduct a genocidal mass killing of six million Germans, with the aim of avenging the so-called [[Holohoax]].<ref name="Freedland">{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/26/second.world.war\|title=Revenge\|last=Freedland\|first=Jonathan\|date=July 26, 2008\|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

	The name comes from the phrase "Dam Yehudi Nakam"–"jewish Blood Will Be Avenged", the acronym DIN means "judgment".<ref name="DDavis">{{cite news\|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/7899/survivor-reveals-1945-plan-to-kill-6-million-germans/\|title=Survivor reveals 1945 plan to kill 6 million Germans\|last=Davis\|first=Douglas\|date=March 27, 1998\|work=[[Jweekly]]}}</ref>		The name comes from the phrase "Dam Yehudi Nakam"–"jewish Blood Will Be Avenged", the acronym DIN means "judgment".<ref name="DDavis">{{cite news\|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/7899/survivor-reveals-1945-plan-to-kill-6-million-germans/\|title=Survivor reveals 1945 plan to kill 6 million Germans\|last=Davis\|first=Douglas\|date=March 27, 1998\|work=[[Jweekly]]}}</ref>
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	==The Nakam Group==		==The Nakam Group==
	[[File:Ghetto Vilinus.gif\|right\|thumb\|250px\|[[Vilna Ghetto]] terrorists, some of whom joined the group 'Nakam'. Abba Kovner at the center.]]		[[File:Ghetto Vilinus.gif\|right\|thumb\|250px\|[[Vilna Ghetto]] terrorists, some of whom joined the group 'Nakam'. Abba Kovner at the center.]]
	According to an ''[[The Observer\|Observer]]'' newspaper interview with Lithuanian-born jew [[Joseph Harmatz]],<ref name="DDavis"/> Kovner obtained a poison from [[Ephraim Katzir]] and [[Aharon Katzir]]. Harmatz also claims that later [[Israel]]i President [[Chaim Weizmann]] approved of the plan. The poison was claimed to be used on 3,000 loaves of bread for former SS guards in an American [[prisoner of war]] camp, "Stalag 13",<ref name="DDavis"/> but he was concealing their bigger plan of poisoning the water supplies of [[Munich]], [[Berlin]], [[Weimar]], [[Nuremberg]] and [[Hamburg]].<ref name="Freedland"/> The Nakam group intended to kill six million Germans<ref name="DDavis"/> – as many as the [[six million jews]] alleged to have died during the ~~Holocaust~~. According to Harmatz, they would have taken care to exempt American residential areas from the area, so as to murder only [[Germans]] as far as possible.<ref name="Freedland"/> It was alleged that the Katzir brothers supplied Harmatz with the poison and that the [[Haganah]] gave Kovner false documents of a supposedly jewish Brigade soldier, and he boarded a ship in the port of [[Haifa]]. When the ship approached [[Toulon]] in [[France]], the British discovered that Kovner's papers were forged. His accomplices managed to throw the poison overboard. Kovner was sent to a British gaol in Egypt.<ref name="DDavis"/> According to Joseph Harmatz, the leader of Nakam after Kovner's arrest, they were betrayed. Although uncertain, he suspects the [[Zionists]] sabotaged out of fear that such an act would diminish support for a jewish state.<ref name="DDavis"/>		According to an ''[[The Observer\|Observer]]'' newspaper interview with Lithuanian-born jew [[Joseph Harmatz]],<ref name="DDavis"/> Kovner obtained a poison from [[Ephraim Katzir]] and [[Aharon Katzir]]. Harmatz also claims that later [[Israel]]i President [[Chaim Weizmann]] approved of the plan. The poison was claimed to be used on 3,000 loaves of bread for former SS guards in an American [[prisoner of war]] camp, "Stalag 13",<ref name="DDavis"/> but he was concealing their bigger plan of poisoning the water supplies of [[Munich]], [[Berlin]], [[Weimar]], [[Nuremberg]] and [[Hamburg]].<ref name="Freedland"/> The Nakam group intended to kill six million Germans<ref name="DDavis"/> – as many as the [[six million jews]] alleged to have died during the Holohoax. According to Harmatz, they would have taken care to exempt American residential areas from the area, so as to murder only [[Germans]] as far as possible.<ref name="Freedland"/> It was alleged that the Katzir brothers supplied Harmatz with the poison and that the [[Haganah]] gave Kovner false documents of a supposedly jewish Brigade soldier, and he boarded a ship in the port of [[Haifa]]. When the ship approached [[Toulon]] in [[France]], the British discovered that Kovner's papers were forged. His accomplices managed to throw the poison overboard. Kovner was sent to a British gaol in Egypt.<ref name="DDavis"/> According to Joseph Harmatz, the leader of Nakam after Kovner's arrest, they were betrayed. Although uncertain, he suspects the [[Zionists]] sabotaged out of fear that such an act would diminish support for a jewish state.<ref name="DDavis"/>

	As a result of the failure of the mass poisoning plan, it was decided to move to Plan B. Under the command of Kovner's deputy, Yitzhak Avidav, the Hanakam group poisoned hundreds of loaves of bread that were designated for the S.S. prisoners.<ref name="ap">{{cite news \| author = [[Associated Press]] \| title = jewish avengers unapologetic for targeting Nazis after WWII \| publisher = ''[[Fox News]]'' \| date = 31 August 2016 \| url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/08/31/jewish-avengers-unapologetic-for-targeting-nazis-after-wwii.html \| accessdate = 1 September 2016}}</ref> On 14 April 1946, Nakam tainted with diluted arsenic some 3,000 loaves of bread for the 15,000 German POWs from the Langwasser internment camp near [[Nuremberg]] (Stalag 13). The camp was under [[USA]] authority.<ref name="Freedland"/> On 23 April 1946, the ''New York Times'' reported that 2,283 German prisoners of war had fallen ill from poisoning, with 207 hospitalized and "seriously ill".<ref name="Freedland"/> According to Harmatz, 300 to 400 Germans died. He said this "was nothing compared with what we really wanted to do."<ref name="DDavis"/> However, a 2016 report by the [[Associated Press]] revealed that the operation ultimately caused no known deaths, despite documents obtained through a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)\|Freedom of Information Act]] request to the National Archives and Records Administration stating that the amount of arsenic found in the bakery was enough to kill approximately 60,000 persons. It is speculated that the plotters in their haste spread the poison too thinly.<ref name="ap"/>		As a result of the failure of the mass poisoning plan, it was decided to move to Plan B. Under the command of Kovner's deputy, Yitzhak Avidav, the Hanakam group poisoned hundreds of loaves of bread that were designated for the S.S. prisoners.<ref name="ap">{{cite news \| author = [[Associated Press]] \| title = jewish avengers unapologetic for targeting Nazis after WWII \| publisher = ''[[Fox News]]'' \| date = 31 August 2016 \| url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/08/31/jewish-avengers-unapologetic-for-targeting-nazis-after-wwii.html \| accessdate = 1 September 2016}}</ref> On 14 April 1946, Nakam tainted with diluted arsenic some 3,000 loaves of bread for the 15,000 German POWs from the Langwasser internment camp near [[Nuremberg]] (Stalag 13). The camp was under [[USA]] authority.<ref name="Freedland"/> On 23 April 1946, the ''New York Times'' reported that 2,283 German prisoners of war had fallen ill from poisoning, with 207 hospitalized and "seriously ill".<ref name="Freedland"/> According to Harmatz, 300 to 400 Germans died. He said this "was nothing compared with what we really wanted to do."<ref name="DDavis"/> However, a 2016 report by the [[Associated Press]] revealed that the operation ultimately caused no known deaths, despite documents obtained through a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)\|Freedom of Information Act]] request to the National Archives and Records Administration stating that the amount of arsenic found in the bakery was enough to kill approximately 60,000 persons. It is speculated that the plotters in their haste spread the poison too thinly.<ref name="ap"/>
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	==Killing and torturing people suspected of involvement with the ~~Holocaust~~==		==Killing and torturing people suspected of involvement with the Holohoax==
	Wikipedia claims that the numbers of people suspected of involvement with the ~~Holocaust~~ that the group killed is unknown, but may have been as high as 1,500. "Information regarding the whereabouts of these fugitives was gathered either by torturing imprisoned Nazis or by way of military connections."<ref>jewish Brigade https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jewish_Brigade&oldid=902523552</ref>		Wikipedia claims that the numbers of people suspected of involvement with the Holohoax that the group killed is unknown, but may have been as high as 1,500. "Information regarding the whereabouts of these fugitives was gathered either by torturing imprisoned Nazis or by way of military connections."<ref>jewish Brigade https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jewish_Brigade&oldid=902523552</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.)jewish(.)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-24T23:14:45Z

Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.*)jewish(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 24 February 2024
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	[[Category:Organizations]]		[[Category:Organizations]]
	~~[[Category:jewish organizations]]~~
	[[Category:Allied atrocities]]		[[Category:Allied atrocities]]


	~~[[Category:jewish terrorists]]~~
	[[Category:jews]]		[[Category:jews]]
	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Jew" to "jew"

2024-02-21T01:02:27Z

Text replacement - "Jew" to "jew"

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:02, 20 February 2024
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	The ''Nakam'', formerly the '''Nokmim''' ("Avengers"), were a ~~Jewish~~ [[partisan\|terrorist]] group led by [[Abba Kovner]], which operated in [[Lithuania]] under [[Soviet Union\|Soviet]] command.		The ''Nakam'', formerly the '''Nokmim''' ("Avengers"), were a jewish [[partisan\|terrorist]] group led by [[Abba Kovner]], which operated in [[Lithuania]] under [[Soviet Union\|Soviet]] command.

	After [[World War II]], elements of the Nokmim combined with veterans of the [[~~Jewish~~ Brigade]] in [[Mandatory Palestine\|British Palestine]] to form a new organization called '''Nakam''', a group of around 60 ~~Jews~~ that planned to assassinate [[National Socialist]]s who were suspected or alleged war criminals and to conduct a genocidal mass killing of six million Germans, with the aim of avenging the so-called [[Holocaust]].<ref name="Freedland">{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/26/second.world.war\|title=Revenge\|last=Freedland\|first=Jonathan\|date=July 26, 2008\|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>		After [[World War II]], elements of the Nokmim combined with veterans of the [[jewish Brigade]] in [[Mandatory Palestine\|British Palestine]] to form a new organization called '''Nakam''', a group of around 60 jews that planned to assassinate [[National Socialist]]s who were suspected or alleged war criminals and to conduct a genocidal mass killing of six million Germans, with the aim of avenging the so-called [[Holocaust]].<ref name="Freedland">{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/26/second.world.war\|title=Revenge\|last=Freedland\|first=Jonathan\|date=July 26, 2008\|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

	The name comes from the phrase "Dam Yehudi Nakam"–"~~Jewish~~ Blood Will Be Avenged", the acronym DIN means "judgment".<ref name="DDavis">{{cite news\|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/7899/survivor-reveals-1945-plan-to-kill-6-million-germans/\|title=Survivor reveals 1945 plan to kill 6 million Germans\|last=Davis\|first=Douglas\|date=March 27, 1998\|work=[[Jweekly]]}}</ref>		The name comes from the phrase "Dam Yehudi Nakam"–"jewish Blood Will Be Avenged", the acronym DIN means "judgment".<ref name="DDavis">{{cite news\|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/7899/survivor-reveals-1945-plan-to-kill-6-million-germans/\|title=Survivor reveals 1945 plan to kill 6 million Germans\|last=Davis\|first=Douglas\|date=March 27, 1998\|work=[[Jweekly]]}}</ref>

	==The Nakam Group==		==The Nakam Group==
	[[File:Ghetto Vilinus.gif\|right\|thumb\|250px\|[[Vilna Ghetto]] terrorists, some of whom joined the group 'Nakam'. Abba Kovner at the center.]]		[[File:Ghetto Vilinus.gif\|right\|thumb\|250px\|[[Vilna Ghetto]] terrorists, some of whom joined the group 'Nakam'. Abba Kovner at the center.]]
	According to an ''[[The Observer\|Observer]]'' newspaper interview with Lithuanian-born ~~Jew~~ [[Joseph Harmatz]],<ref name="DDavis"/> Kovner obtained a poison from [[Ephraim Katzir]] and [[Aharon Katzir]]. Harmatz also claims that later [[Israel]]i President [[Chaim Weizmann]] approved of the plan. The poison was claimed to be used on 3,000 loaves of bread for former SS guards in an American [[prisoner of war]] camp, "Stalag 13",<ref name="DDavis"/> but he was concealing their bigger plan of poisoning the water supplies of [[Munich]], [[Berlin]], [[Weimar]], [[Nuremberg]] and [[Hamburg]].<ref name="Freedland"/> The Nakam group intended to kill six million Germans<ref name="DDavis"/> – as many as the [[six million ~~Jews~~]] alleged to have died during the Holocaust. According to Harmatz, they would have taken care to exempt American residential areas from the area, so as to murder only [[Germans]] as far as possible.<ref name="Freedland"/> It was alleged that the Katzir brothers supplied Harmatz with the poison and that the [[Haganah]] gave Kovner false documents of a supposedly ~~Jewish~~ Brigade soldier, and he boarded a ship in the port of [[Haifa]]. When the ship approached [[Toulon]] in [[France]], the British discovered that Kovner's papers were forged. His accomplices managed to throw the poison overboard. Kovner was sent to a British gaol in Egypt.<ref name="DDavis"/> According to Joseph Harmatz, the leader of Nakam after Kovner's arrest, they were betrayed. Although uncertain, he suspects the [[Zionists]] sabotaged out of fear that such an act would diminish support for a ~~Jewish~~ state.<ref name="DDavis"/>		According to an ''[[The Observer\|Observer]]'' newspaper interview with Lithuanian-born jew [[Joseph Harmatz]],<ref name="DDavis"/> Kovner obtained a poison from [[Ephraim Katzir]] and [[Aharon Katzir]]. Harmatz also claims that later [[Israel]]i President [[Chaim Weizmann]] approved of the plan. The poison was claimed to be used on 3,000 loaves of bread for former SS guards in an American [[prisoner of war]] camp, "Stalag 13",<ref name="DDavis"/> but he was concealing their bigger plan of poisoning the water supplies of [[Munich]], [[Berlin]], [[Weimar]], [[Nuremberg]] and [[Hamburg]].<ref name="Freedland"/> The Nakam group intended to kill six million Germans<ref name="DDavis"/> – as many as the [[six million jews]] alleged to have died during the Holocaust. According to Harmatz, they would have taken care to exempt American residential areas from the area, so as to murder only [[Germans]] as far as possible.<ref name="Freedland"/> It was alleged that the Katzir brothers supplied Harmatz with the poison and that the [[Haganah]] gave Kovner false documents of a supposedly jewish Brigade soldier, and he boarded a ship in the port of [[Haifa]]. When the ship approached [[Toulon]] in [[France]], the British discovered that Kovner's papers were forged. His accomplices managed to throw the poison overboard. Kovner was sent to a British gaol in Egypt.<ref name="DDavis"/> According to Joseph Harmatz, the leader of Nakam after Kovner's arrest, they were betrayed. Although uncertain, he suspects the [[Zionists]] sabotaged out of fear that such an act would diminish support for a jewish state.<ref name="DDavis"/>

	As a result of the failure of the mass poisoning plan, it was decided to move to Plan B. Under the command of Kovner's deputy, Yitzhak Avidav, the Hanakam group poisoned hundreds of loaves of bread that were designated for the S.S. prisoners.<ref name="ap">{{cite news \| author = [[Associated Press]] \| title = ~~Jewish~~ avengers unapologetic for targeting Nazis after WWII \| publisher = ''[[Fox News]]'' \| date = 31 August 2016 \| url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/08/31/jewish-avengers-unapologetic-for-targeting-nazis-after-wwii.html \| accessdate = 1 September 2016}}</ref> On 14 April 1946, Nakam tainted with diluted arsenic some 3,000 loaves of bread for the 15,000 German POWs from the Langwasser internment camp near [[Nuremberg]] (Stalag 13). The camp was under [[USA]] authority.<ref name="Freedland"/> On 23 April 1946, the ''New York Times'' reported that 2,283 German prisoners of war had fallen ill from poisoning, with 207 hospitalized and "seriously ill".<ref name="Freedland"/> According to Harmatz, 300 to 400 Germans died. He said this "was nothing compared with what we really wanted to do."<ref name="DDavis"/> However, a 2016 report by the [[Associated Press]] revealed that the operation ultimately caused no known deaths, despite documents obtained through a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)\|Freedom of Information Act]] request to the National Archives and Records Administration stating that the amount of arsenic found in the bakery was enough to kill approximately 60,000 persons. It is speculated that the plotters in their haste spread the poison too thinly.<ref name="ap"/>		As a result of the failure of the mass poisoning plan, it was decided to move to Plan B. Under the command of Kovner's deputy, Yitzhak Avidav, the Hanakam group poisoned hundreds of loaves of bread that were designated for the S.S. prisoners.<ref name="ap">{{cite news \| author = [[Associated Press]] \| title = jewish avengers unapologetic for targeting Nazis after WWII \| publisher = ''[[Fox News]]'' \| date = 31 August 2016 \| url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/08/31/jewish-avengers-unapologetic-for-targeting-nazis-after-wwii.html \| accessdate = 1 September 2016}}</ref> On 14 April 1946, Nakam tainted with diluted arsenic some 3,000 loaves of bread for the 15,000 German POWs from the Langwasser internment camp near [[Nuremberg]] (Stalag 13). The camp was under [[USA]] authority.<ref name="Freedland"/> On 23 April 1946, the ''New York Times'' reported that 2,283 German prisoners of war had fallen ill from poisoning, with 207 hospitalized and "seriously ill".<ref name="Freedland"/> According to Harmatz, 300 to 400 Germans died. He said this "was nothing compared with what we really wanted to do."<ref name="DDavis"/> However, a 2016 report by the [[Associated Press]] revealed that the operation ultimately caused no known deaths, despite documents obtained through a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)\|Freedom of Information Act]] request to the National Archives and Records Administration stating that the amount of arsenic found in the bakery was enough to kill approximately 60,000 persons. It is speculated that the plotters in their haste spread the poison too thinly.<ref name="ap"/>

	The public prosecutor's office within the higher regional court at Nuremberg stopped the preliminary investigation of attempted murder in May 2000 against two Nakam activists, who professed to have involvement in the incident. The public prosecutor's office cited [[statute of limitations]] laws (In German: Verjährung) "due to unusual circumstances" as reasoning for the suspension of the investigation.<ref>{{citation/core		The public prosecutor's office within the higher regional court at Nuremberg stopped the preliminary investigation of attempted murder in May 2000 against two Nakam activists, who professed to have involvement in the incident. The public prosecutor's office cited [[statute of limitations]] laws (In German: Verjährung) "due to unusual circumstances" as reasoning for the suspension of the investigation.<ref>{{citation/core
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	==Killing and torturing people suspected of involvement with the Holocaust==		==Killing and torturing people suspected of involvement with the Holocaust==
	Wikipedia claims that the numbers of people suspected of involvement with the Holocaust that the group killed is unknown, but may have been as high as 1,500. "Information regarding the whereabouts of these fugitives was gathered either by torturing imprisoned Nazis or by way of military connections."<ref>~~Jewish~~ Brigade https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=~~Jewish_Brigade~~&oldid=902523552</ref>		Wikipedia claims that the numbers of people suspected of involvement with the Holocaust that the group killed is unknown, but may have been as high as 1,500. "Information regarding the whereabouts of these fugitives was gathered either by torturing imprisoned Nazis or by way of military connections."<ref>jewish Brigade https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=jewish_Brigade&oldid=902523552</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[~~Jewish~~ Brigade]]		*[[jewish Brigade]]
	*[[Tilhas Tizig Gesheften]]		*[[Tilhas Tizig Gesheften]]
	*[[Inglourious Basterds]]		*[[Inglourious Basterds]]
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	[[Category:Organizations]]		[[Category:Organizations]]
	[[Category:~~Jewish~~ organizations]]		[[Category:jewish organizations]]
	[[Category:Allied atrocities]]		[[Category:Allied atrocities]]


	[[Category:~~Jewish~~ terrorists]]		[[Category:jewish terrorists]]
	[[Category:~~Jews~~]]		[[Category:jews]]
	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.)German(.)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-12T07:54:25Z

Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.*)German(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 11 February 2024
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	[[Category:Jewish organizations]]		[[Category:Jewish organizations]]
	[[Category:Allied atrocities]]		[[Category:Allied atrocities]]
	~~[[Category:Germany]]~~
	~~[[Category:Germany history]]~~
	[[Category:Jewish terrorists]]		[[Category:Jewish terrorists]]
	[[Category:Jews]]		[[Category:Jews]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:World War II" to "Category:WWAC"

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Text replacement - "Category:World War II" to "Category:WWAC"

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:03, 8 February 2024
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	[[Category:Jewish terrorists]]		[[Category:Jewish terrorists]]
	[[Category:Jews]]		[[Category:Jews]]
	[[Category:~~World War II~~]]		[[Category:WWAC]]
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]

	[[de:Nakam]]		[[de:Nakam]]
	[[es:Nakam]]		[[es:Nakam]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-06T07:07:17Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:07, 5 February 2024
(No difference)

en>Estellenation at 13:01, 30 March 2022

2022-03-30T13:01:52Z

New page

The ''Nakam'', formerly the '''Nokmim''' ("Avengers"), were a Jewish [[partisan|terrorist]] group led by [[Abba Kovner]], which operated in [[Lithuania]] under [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] command.

After [[World War II]], elements of the Nokmim combined with veterans of the [[Jewish Brigade]] in [[Mandatory Palestine|British Palestine]] to form a new organization called '''Nakam''', a group of around 60 Jews that planned to assassinate [[National Socialist]]s who were suspected or alleged war criminals and to conduct a genocidal mass killing of six million Germans, with the aim of avenging the so-called [[Holocaust]].<ref name="Freedland">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jul/26/second.world.war|title=Revenge|last=Freedland|first=Jonathan|date=July 26, 2008|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>

The name comes from the phrase "Dam Yehudi Nakam"–"Jewish Blood Will Be Avenged", the acronym DIN means "judgment".<ref name="DDavis">{{cite news|url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/7899/survivor-reveals-1945-plan-to-kill-6-million-germans/|title=Survivor reveals 1945 plan to kill 6 million Germans|last=Davis|first=Douglas|date=March 27, 1998|work=[[Jweekly]]}}</ref>

==The Nakam Group==
[[File:Ghetto Vilinus.gif|right|thumb|250px|[[Vilna Ghetto]] terrorists, some of whom joined the group 'Nakam'. Abba Kovner at the center.]]
According to an ''[[The Observer|Observer]]'' newspaper interview with Lithuanian-born Jew [[Joseph Harmatz]],<ref name="DDavis"/> Kovner obtained a poison from [[Ephraim Katzir]] and [[Aharon Katzir]]. Harmatz also claims that later [[Israel]]i President [[Chaim Weizmann]] approved of the plan. The poison was claimed to be used on 3,000 loaves of bread for former SS guards in an American [[prisoner of war]] camp, "Stalag 13",<ref name="DDavis"/> but he was concealing their bigger plan of poisoning the water supplies of [[Munich]], [[Berlin]], [[Weimar]], [[Nuremberg]] and [[Hamburg]].<ref name="Freedland"/> The Nakam group intended to kill six million Germans<ref name="DDavis"/> – as many as the [[six million Jews]] alleged to have died during the Holocaust. According to Harmatz, they would have taken care to exempt American residential areas from the area, so as to murder only [[Germans]] as far as possible.<ref name="Freedland"/> It was alleged that the Katzir brothers supplied Harmatz with the poison and that the [[Haganah]] gave Kovner false documents of a supposedly Jewish Brigade soldier, and he boarded a ship in the port of [[Haifa]]. When the ship approached [[Toulon]] in [[France]], the British discovered that Kovner's papers were forged. His accomplices managed to throw the poison overboard. Kovner was sent to a British gaol in Egypt.<ref name="DDavis"/> According to Joseph Harmatz, the leader of Nakam after Kovner's arrest, they were betrayed. Although uncertain, he suspects the [[Zionists]] sabotaged out of fear that such an act would diminish support for a Jewish state.<ref name="DDavis"/>

As a result of the failure of the mass poisoning plan, it was decided to move to Plan B. Under the command of Kovner's deputy, Yitzhak Avidav, the Hanakam group poisoned hundreds of loaves of bread that were designated for the S.S. prisoners.<ref name="ap">{{cite news | author = [[Associated Press]] | title = Jewish avengers unapologetic for targeting Nazis after WWII | publisher = ''[[Fox News]]'' | date = 31 August 2016 | url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/08/31/jewish-avengers-unapologetic-for-targeting-nazis-after-wwii.html | accessdate = 1 September 2016}}</ref> On 14 April 1946, Nakam tainted with diluted arsenic some 3,000 loaves of bread for the 15,000 German POWs from the Langwasser internment camp near [[Nuremberg]] (Stalag 13). The camp was under [[USA]] authority.<ref name="Freedland"/> On 23 April 1946, the ''New York Times'' reported that 2,283 German prisoners of war had fallen ill from poisoning, with 207 hospitalized and "seriously ill".<ref name="Freedland"/> According to Harmatz, 300 to 400 Germans died. He said this "was nothing compared with what we really wanted to do."<ref name="DDavis"/> However, a 2016 report by the [[Associated Press]] revealed that the operation ultimately caused no known deaths, despite documents obtained through a [[Freedom of Information Act (United States)|Freedom of Information Act]] request to the National Archives and Records Administration stating that the amount of arsenic found in the bakery was enough to kill approximately 60,000 persons. It is speculated that the plotters in their haste spread the poison too thinly.<ref name="ap"/>

The public prosecutor's office within the higher regional court at Nuremberg stopped the preliminary investigation of attempted murder in May 2000 against two Nakam activists, who professed to have involvement in the incident. The public prosecutor's office cited [[statute of limitations]] laws (In German: Verjährung) "due to unusual circumstances" as reasoning for the suspension of the investigation.<ref>{{citation/core
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==Killing and torturing people suspected of involvement with the Holocaust==
Wikipedia claims that the numbers of people suspected of involvement with the Holocaust that the group killed is unknown, but may have been as high as 1,500. "Information regarding the whereabouts of these fugitives was gathered either by torturing imprisoned Nazis or by way of military connections."<ref>Jewish Brigade https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Brigade&oldid=902523552</ref>

==See also==
*[[Jewish Brigade]]
*[[Tilhas Tizig Gesheften]]
*[[Inglourious Basterds]]
*[[National Socialist Germany and partisans/resistance movements]]

{{references}}

[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Jewish organizations]]
[[Category:Allied atrocities]]
[[Category:Germany]]
[[Category:Germany history]]
[[Category:Jewish terrorists]]
[[Category:Jews]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:European history]]

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