Pillau - Revision history

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	==References==		==References==
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en>Matt58: /* Gallery */

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Gallery

New page

[[File:East Prussia Pillau Post Office & Lighthouse 1900.jpg|thumb|280px|Post office and lighthouse, c. 1900]]
'''Pillau''' is an ancient port in [[Samland]], [[East Prussia]] on the [[Baltic Sea]] at the mouth of the Frische Haff and also the river Pregel, 29 miles from [[Königsberg]].
[[File:East Prussia Pillau today (2).jpg|thumb|280px|Pillau today, under Russian occupation]]
==History==

Between these two towns a ship canal was completed in 1901 at a cost of 13 million Reichsmarks, which enabled ships of 21 feet draught to moor alongside the town at Königsberg. Pillau had a fortress as well as a lighthouse, a man-made harbour, some small shipbuilding facilities, and good railway connexions. In 1904 its population was 3000.<ref>''Northern Germany'' by Karl Baedeker, 14th revised edition, Leipzig & London, 1904, p.177-8.</ref>

In the closing months of [[World War II]] Pillau was a major embarkation point in the east for civilians fleeing the advancing [[Soviet Union]]'s [[Red Army]] and their atrocities. The liner ''Robert Ley'' was used to evacuate civilians and wounded from Pillau on 25 January 1945, together with the ''Ubena'', the ''Pretoria'', the ''Duala'' and the ''General San Martin'', with ''The Deutsche'' coming downstream from [[Königsberg]], with a total of around 25,000 refugees and wounded on board.

As a result of these urgent evacuations Pillau held out longer than many other eastern ports and was still in German hands when the ill-fated refugee ship ''[[Karlsruhe (ship)|Karlsruhe]]'' departed Pillau at 8 p.m. on 10th April 1945.

===Annexation===
This part of East Prussia was annexed by the [[Soviet Union]] in 1945 who renamed the port '''Baltiysk'''. Its native population of Germans were expelled and replaced with Russian imported settlers. The population in 1970 was given as 20,300, which may include a hinterland.

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="330" heights="150" perrow="3">
File:East Prussia Pillau in B&W.jpg|A view of Pillau.
File:East Prussia Pillau with a liner berthed.jpg|Liner berthed at Pillau before WWII.
File:East Prussia Pillau Citadel entrance.jpg|The Citadel.
File:East Prussia Pillau embarking refugees 26 January 1945.jpg|Ship arrives to take on refugees, 26 January 1945.
File:East Prussia Pillau refugees 26 January 1945.jpg|Refugees fleeing the Red Terror, 26 January 1945. Remarkably the hotel has survived.
File:East Prussia Pillau April 1945.jpg|Pillau April 1945.
</gallery>

==See also==
* ''[[Karlsruhe]]''
* ''[[General von Steuben]]''
* ''[[Goya]]''

==Further reading==

* ''The Last Rally'' - The German Defence of [[East Prussia]], [[Pomerania]] and [[Danzig]] 1944-45, by Ian Baxter, Helion & Co., Solihull, England, 2010, ISBN: 978-1-906033-74-3

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Prussia]]
[[Category:Germany]]
[[Category:German history]]
[[Category:Baltic]]
[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]
[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]
[[Category:European history]]
[[Category:World War II]]