Plínio Salgado - Revision history

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References

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	===Late career===		===Late career===
	Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the [[Estado Novo (Brazil)\|Estado Novo]] regime, and then founded the [[Party of Popular Representation]], reformulating the integralist doctrine.<ref name="UOL" /> Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under hos new party in 1955, but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes).<ref name="UOL" /> Following that, he supported the inauguration of President-elect [[Juscelino Kubitschek]], contested by the [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)\|National Democratic Union]], and was named to the head of the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.<ref name="FGV" />		Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the [[Estado Novo (Brazil)\|Estado Novo]] regime, and then founded the [[Party of Popular Representation]], reformulating the integralist doctrine.<ref name="UOL" /> Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under hos [[New Party\|new party]] in 1955, but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes).<ref name="UOL" /> Following that, he supported the inauguration of President-elect [[Juscelino Kubitschek]], contested by the [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)\|National Democratic Union]], and was named to the head of the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.<ref name="FGV" />

	Salgado was elected to represent [[Paraná (state)\|Paraná]] in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil\|Chamber of Deputies]] in 1958.<ref name="UOL" /> He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent the [[São Paulo (state)\|São Paulo]] state.<ref name="UOL" />		Salgado was elected to represent [[Paraná (state)\|Paraná]] in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil\|Chamber of Deputies]] in 1958.<ref name="UOL" /> He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent the [[São Paulo (state)\|São Paulo]] state.<ref name="UOL" />
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	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist\|2}}

			[[Category:Activists]]
	[[]]



	~~[[es:Plínio Salgado]]~~
	~~[[pt~~:~~Plínio Salgado~~]]

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Bacchus at 04:13, 16 February 2024

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	===Late career===		===Late career===
	Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the Brazilian [[Estado Novo]], and then founded the [[Party of Popular Representation]], reformulating the integralist doctrine.<ref name="UOL" /> Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under his new party in 1955, but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes).<ref name="UOL" /> Following that, he supported the inauguration of President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek, contested by the National Democratic Union, and was named to the head of the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.<ref name="FGV" />		Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the Brazilian [[Estado Novo]], and then founded the [[Party of Popular Representation]], reformulating the integralist doctrine.<ref name="UOL" /> Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under his [[New Party\|new party]] in 1955, but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes).<ref name="UOL" /> Following that, he supported the inauguration of President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek, contested by the National Democratic Union, and was named to the head of the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.<ref name="FGV" />

	Salgado was elected to represent Paraná in the in 1958.<ref name="UOL" /> He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent São Paulo state.<ref name="UOL" />		Salgado was elected to represent Paraná in the in 1958.<ref name="UOL" /> He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent São Paulo state.<ref name="UOL" />
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Bacchus at 04:07, 16 February 2024

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Show changes

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "nationalist" to "fascist"

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	Also in that year, Salgado married Maria Amélia Pereira, and on July 6, 1919, his only daughter Maria Amélia Salgado was born. Fifteen days after giving birth to the couple's daughter, Maria Amélia died. Filled with sorrow, Plínio turned down the study of [[materialism\|materialist]] philosophers, and found comfort in the [[Roman Catholic theology]], and began to study the works of Brazilian Catholic thinkers, such as Raimundo Farias Brito and Jackson Figueiredo.<ref name="UOL" /> Again, the death of a loved one had a great impact on the course of Salgado's life. He would only marry again 17 years later, with Carmela Patti.		Also in that year, Salgado married Maria Amélia Pereira, and on July 6, 1919, his only daughter Maria Amélia Salgado was born. Fifteen days after giving birth to the couple's daughter, Maria Amélia died. Filled with sorrow, Plínio turned down the study of [[materialism\|materialist]] philosophers, and found comfort in the [[Roman Catholic theology]], and began to study the works of Brazilian Catholic thinkers, such as Raimundo Farias Brito and Jackson Figueiredo.<ref name="UOL" /> Again, the death of a loved one had a great impact on the course of Salgado's life. He would only marry again 17 years later, with Carmela Patti.

	Through his articles in ''Correio de São Bento'', Salgado became known by fellow journalists in [[São Paulo (city)\|São Paulo]], and in 1920 was invited to work there in ''Correio Paulistano'', the official newspaper of the [[Republican Party of São Paulo]], where he became a friend of poet [[Menotti del Picchia]].<ref name="UOL" /> He was a discrete member of the [[Modern Art Week]] in 1922.<ref name="UOL" /> He published his first novel, ''The Stranger'' in 1926.<ref name="UOL" /> After that, alongside [[Cassiano Ricardo]], del Picchia and Cândido Mota Filho, he launched the ''Green-Yellow movement'', a [[nationalism\|~~nationalistic~~]] group inside [[modernism\|Modernist movement]].<ref name="UOL" /> The following year, also alongside del Picchia and Ricardo, Salgado launched the ''[[Tapir\|Anta]] movement'', which exalted the [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil\|indigenous peoples]], particularly the [[Tupi people\|Tupi]], as the true carriers of the Brazilian identity.<ref name="UOL" />		Through his articles in ''Correio de São Bento'', Salgado became known by fellow journalists in [[São Paulo (city)\|São Paulo]], and in 1920 was invited to work there in ''Correio Paulistano'', the official newspaper of the [[Republican Party of São Paulo]], where he became a friend of poet [[Menotti del Picchia]].<ref name="UOL" /> He was a discrete member of the [[Modern Art Week]] in 1922.<ref name="UOL" /> He published his first novel, ''The Stranger'' in 1926.<ref name="UOL" /> After that, alongside [[Cassiano Ricardo]], del Picchia and Cândido Mota Filho, he launched the ''Green-Yellow movement'', a [[nationalism\|fascistic]] group inside [[modernism\|Modernist movement]].<ref name="UOL" /> The following year, also alongside del Picchia and Ricardo, Salgado launched the ''[[Tapir\|Anta]] movement'', which exalted the [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil\|indigenous peoples]], particularly the [[Tupi people\|Tupi]], as the true carriers of the Brazilian identity.<ref name="UOL" />

	That same year, he published his book ''Literature and Politics'', in which he defends ~~nationalistic~~ ideas with a strong anti-[[Liberalism\|liberal]] and pro-[[Latifundium\|latifundia]] stance, inspired by [[Alberto Torres]] and Oliveira Viana.<ref name="UOL" /> His shift to [[Far-right politics\|far right-wing politics]], made Ricardo launch the ''Flag movement'', a [[social-democratic]] dissidence of the ''Green-Yellow'' and ''Anta'' movements.		That same year, he published his book ''Literature and Politics'', in which he defends fascistic ideas with a strong anti-[[Liberalism\|liberal]] and pro-[[Latifundium\|latifundia]] stance, inspired by [[Alberto Torres]] and Oliveira Viana.<ref name="UOL" /> His shift to [[Far-right politics\|far right-wing politics]], made Ricardo launch the ''Flag movement'', a [[social-democratic]] dissidence of the ''Green-Yellow'' and ''Anta'' movements.

	===Integralism===		===Integralism===

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	The Integralist Action drew its support from lower middle class [[Italian]] immigrants (who hated [[communism]]), a large part of the Portuguese community, lower middle class Brazilians, and military officers, especially in the Brazilian Navy. As the party grew, Vargas turned to [[Integralism]] as his only mobilized base of support on the [[right-wing]], which was elated by his Fascist corrections. In 1934, Salgado's movement targeted the [[Communist Party]], then under the leadership of [[Luiz Carlos Prestes]], as an underground party, mobilizing a conservative support base mass to engage in urban activism.		The Integralist Action drew its support from lower middle class [[Italian]] immigrants (who hated [[communism]]), a large part of the Portuguese community, lower middle class Brazilians, and military officers, especially in the Brazilian Navy. As the party grew, Vargas turned to [[Integralism]] as his only mobilized base of support on the [[right-wing]], which was elated by his Fascist corrections. In 1934, Salgado's movement targeted the [[Communist Party]], then under the leadership of [[Luiz Carlos Prestes]], as an underground party, mobilizing a conservative support base mass to engage in urban activism.

	On 1937, Salgado launched his presidential candidacy for the general elections scheduled to take place in January 1938.<ref name="UOL" /> He supported his [[Vargas Era#Estado Novo\|Estado Novo]] coup, hoping to make Integralism the doctrinal basis of the new regime,<ref name="UOL" /> once Vargas had promised him to take office as the Minister of Education.<ref ~~name="FGV"~~> http://cpdoc.fgv.br/producao/dossies/JK/biografias/plinio_salgado Plínio Salgado biography at Fundação Getúlio Vargas' Centre for Research and Documentation on the Contemporary [[History]] of Brazil.</ref> The President, however, banned the Integralist party, treating it the same way he had treated other political parties after transforming Brazil into a single-party state.<ref name="UOL" />		On 1937, Salgado launched his presidential candidacy for the general elections scheduled to take place in January 1938.<ref name="UOL" /> He supported his [[Vargas Era#Estado Novo\|Estado Novo]] coup, hoping to make Integralism the doctrinal basis of the new regime,<ref name="UOL" /> once Vargas had promised him to take office as the Minister of Education.<ref> http://cpdoc.fgv.br/producao/dossies/JK/biografias/plinio_salgado Plínio Salgado biography at Fundação Getúlio Vargas' Centre for Research and Documentation on the Contemporary [[History]] of Brazil.</ref> The President, however, banned the Integralist party, treating it the same way he had treated other political parties after transforming Brazil into a single-party state.<ref name="UOL" />

	On 1939, Integralists tried twice, in the months of March and May, to promote uprisings against Vargas.<ref name="UOL" /> Despite denying involvement in the events,~~<ref name="FGV" />~~ Salgado was arrested after the May uprising, being imprisoned in the 17th century Santa Cruz Fortress in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, and about a month later sent to a six-year exile in [[Portugal]].<ref name="UOL" /> During that period, he cucked, and persistently sought to rehabilitate himself with the administration, praising it in several manifestos, including its decision to declare war against [[Germany]] and Italy.~~<ref name="FGV" />~~		On 1939, Integralists tried twice, in the months of March and May, to promote uprisings against Vargas.<ref name="UOL" /> Despite denying involvement in the events, Salgado was arrested after the May uprising, being imprisoned in the 17th century Santa Cruz Fortress in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, and about a month later sent to a six-year exile in [[Portugal]].<ref name="UOL" /> During that period, he cucked, and persistently sought to rehabilitate himself with the administration, praising it in several manifestos, including its decision to declare war against [[Germany]] and Italy.

	===Late career===		===Late career===
	Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the Brazilian [[Estado Novo]], and then founded the [[Party of Popular Representation]], reformulating the integralist doctrine.<ref name="UOL" /> Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under his [[New Party\|new party]] in 1955, but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes).<ref name="UOL" /> Following that, he supported the inauguration of President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek, contested by the National Democratic Union, and was named to the head of the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.~~<ref name="FGV" />~~		Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the Brazilian [[Estado Novo]], and then founded the [[Party of Popular Representation]], reformulating the integralist doctrine.<ref name="UOL" /> Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under his [[New Party\|new party]] in 1955, but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes).<ref name="UOL" /> Following that, he supported the inauguration of President-elect Juscelino Kubitschek, contested by the National Democratic Union, and was named to the head of the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.

	Salgado was elected to represent Paraná in the in 1958.<ref name="UOL" /> He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent São Paulo state.<ref name="UOL" />		Salgado was elected to represent Paraná in the in 1958.<ref name="UOL" /> He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent São Paulo state.<ref name="UOL" />
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	The Integralist Action drew its support from lower [[middle class]] [[Italian Brazilian\|Italian immigrants]], a large part of the [[Portuguese Brazilian\|Portuguese community]], lower middle class Brazilians, and military [[Commissioned officer\|officer]]s, especially in the [[Brazilian Navy\|Navy]]. As the party grew, Vargas turned to Integralism as his only mobilized base of support on the [[Right-wing politics\|right-wing]], which was elated by his Fascist-[[style]] crackdown against the [[Brazilian]] [[Left-wing politics\|left]]. In 1934, Salgado's movement targeted the [[Communist Party of Brazil\|Communist Party]] – then under the leadership of [[Luiz Carlos Prestes]], as an underground party – mobilizing a conservative support base mass to engage in street brawls and urban [[activism]].		The Integralist Action drew its support from lower [[middle class]] [[Italian Brazilian\|Italian immigrants]], a large part of the [[Portuguese Brazilian\|Portuguese community]], lower middle class Brazilians, and military [[Commissioned officer\|officer]]s, especially in the [[Brazilian Navy\|Navy]]. As the party grew, Vargas turned to Integralism as his only mobilized base of support on the [[Right-wing politics\|right-wing]], which was elated by his Fascist-[[style]] crackdown against the [[Brazilian]] [[Left-wing politics\|left]]. In 1934, Salgado's movement targeted the [[Communist Party of Brazil\|Communist Party]] – then under the leadership of [[Luiz Carlos Prestes]], as an underground party – mobilizing a conservative support base mass to engage in street brawls and urban [[activism]].

	On 1937, Salgado launched his presidential candidacy for the general elections scheduled to take place in January 1938.<ref name="UOL" /> Aware of Vargas' intention to cancel the election and remain in power, he supported his [[Vargas Era#Estado Novo\|Estado Novo]] coup, hoping to make Integralism the doctrinal basis of the new regime,<ref name="UOL" /> once Vargas had promised him to take office as the Minister of Education.<ref ~~name="FGV"~~>{{pt}} [http://cpdoc.fgv.br/producao/dossies/JK/biografias/plinio_salgado Plínio Salgado biography] at [[Fundação Getúlio Vargas]]' Centre for Research and Documentation on the Contemporary History of Brazil.</ref> The President, however, banned the Integralist party, treating it the same way he had treated other political parties after transforming Brazil into a [[single-party state]].<ref name="UOL" />		On 1937, Salgado launched his presidential candidacy for the general elections scheduled to take place in January 1938.<ref name="UOL" /> Aware of Vargas' intention to cancel the election and remain in power, he supported his [[Vargas Era#Estado Novo\|Estado Novo]] coup, hoping to make Integralism the doctrinal basis of the new regime,<ref name="UOL" /> once Vargas had promised him to take office as the Minister of Education. <ref>{{pt}} [http://cpdoc.fgv.br/producao/dossies/JK/biografias/plinio_salgado Plínio Salgado biography] at [[Fundação Getúlio Vargas]]' Centre for Research and Documentation on the Contemporary History of Brazil.</ref> The President, however, banned the Integralist party, treating it the same way he had treated other political parties after transforming Brazil into a [[single-party state]].<ref name="UOL" />

	On 1939, Integralist militants tried twice, in the months of March and May, to promote uprisings against Vargas.<ref name="UOL" /> Despite denying involvement in the events,~~<ref name="FGV" />~~ Salgado was arrested after the May uprising – being imprisoned in the 17th century Santa Cruz Fortress in [[Niterói]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)\|Rio de Janeiro]] –, and about a month later sent to a six-year exile in [[Portugal]].<ref name="UOL" /> During that period, he persistently sought to rehabilitate himself with the regime, praising it in several manifestos, including its decision to declare war against [[Nazi Germany\|Germany]] and Italy.~~<ref name="FGV" />~~		On 1939, Integralist militants tried twice, in the months of March and May, to promote uprisings against Vargas.<ref name="UOL" /> Despite denying involvement in the events, Salgado was arrested after the May uprising – being imprisoned in the 17th century Santa Cruz Fortress in [[Niterói]], [[Rio de Janeiro (state)\|Rio de Janeiro]] –, and about a month later sent to a six-year exile in [[Portugal]].<ref name="UOL" /> During that period, he persistently sought to rehabilitate himself with the regime, praising it in several manifestos, including its decision to declare war against [[Nazi Germany\|Germany]] and Italy.

	===Late career===		===Late career===
	Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the [[Estado Novo (Brazil)\|Estado Novo]] regime, and then founded the [[Party of Popular Representation]], reformulating the integralist doctrine.<ref name="UOL" /> Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under hos [[New Party\|new party]] in 1955, but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes).<ref name="UOL" /> Following that, he supported the inauguration of President-elect [[Juscelino Kubitschek]], contested by the [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)\|National Democratic Union]], and was named to the head of the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.~~<ref name="FGV" />~~		Salgado returned to Brazil in 1945, with the end of the [[Estado Novo (Brazil)\|Estado Novo]] regime, and then founded the [[Party of Popular Representation]], reformulating the integralist doctrine.<ref name="UOL" /> Still driven by the ambition of becoming president, Salgado ran for presidency under hos [[New Party\|new party]] in 1955, but finished last, obtaining just 8% of the votes (around 714,000 votes).<ref name="UOL" /> Following that, he supported the inauguration of President-elect [[Juscelino Kubitschek]], contested by the [[National Democratic Union (Brazil)\|National Democratic Union]], and was named to the head of the National Institute for Immigration and Colonization.

	Salgado was elected to represent [[Paraná (state)\|Paraná]] in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil\|Chamber of Deputies]] in 1958.<ref name="UOL" /> He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent the [[São Paulo (state)\|São Paulo]] state.<ref name="UOL" />		Salgado was elected to represent [[Paraná (state)\|Paraná]] in the [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil\|Chamber of Deputies]] in 1958.<ref name="UOL" /> He would be re-elected in 1962, this time to represent the [[São Paulo (state)\|São Paulo]] state.<ref name="UOL" />