𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[de:(.*)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-29T09:34:51Z

Text replacement - "\[\[de:(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:34, 29 February 2024
Line 29:		Line 29:
	[[Category:Popes\| ]]		[[Category:Popes\| ]]
	[[Category:Religion]]		[[Category:Religion]]
	~~[[de:Papst]]~~
	[[es:Papa]]		[[es:Papa]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

2024-02-07T04:42:24Z

Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:42, 6 February 2024
Line 23:		Line 23:

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|2}}

	[[Category:Catholic Church]]		[[Category:Catholic Church]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-06T07:07:04Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:07, 5 February 2024
(No difference)

en>Crusader at 20:13, 10 February 2023

2023-02-10T20:13:20Z

New page

The '''Pope''' commonly refers, since about the 9th century, to the [[Bishop of Rome]], the leader of the [[Roman Catholic Church]]<ref>This includes [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Rite]] churches that are in full communion with the Roman Pontiff.</ref> and head of state of [[Vatican City]]. The title has also been used by other Christian churches.

==Etymology==
The term Pope ultimately originates from the [[Greek]] word ''papas'', meaning ''father'' (the [[Latin]] word is ''papa''). During the early days of the [[Christian Church]], the word was used in [[Anatolia]] to denote a bishop. The [[Church of Alexandria]] in [[Egypt]], one of the five ancient patriarchates of the Christian Church, adopted the title "Pope of Alexandria" around the time of 250, during the reign of St. [[Dionysius the Great]] (today the [[Coptic Church]] continues to use this title, while the Orthodox leader calls himself "Patriarch of Alexandria"). In the West, the term Pope was used in reference to the Bishop of Rome from the time of St. [[Leo the Great]] in the 5th century. This began to be used clearly and emphatically in reference to the Bishop of Rome, with the implications of holding universal jurisdiction over all bishops, during the reign of St. [[Pope Gregory VII]] in 1073.

==History==
The office of the pope is called the ''Papacy''; his ecclesiastical jurisdiction is called the [[Holy See|"Holy See"]] (''Sancta Sedes'' in Latin) or [[Apostolic See|"Apostolic See"]] (the latter on the basis that both St. Peter and [[Paul the Apostle|St. Paul]] were martyred at [[Rome]]).

In addition to his spiritual role, the pope is [[Head of State]] of the independent sovereign state of the Vatican City, a [[city-state]] entirely [[Enclave and exclave|enclaved]] by the city of Rome. Before 1870, the pope's temporal authority extended over a large area of [[central Italy]]: the territory of the [[Papal States]]. The papacy retained sovereign authority over the Papal States until the [[Italian unification]] of 1870; a final political settlement with the [[Italy|Italian]] government was not reached until the [[Lateran Treaty]] of 1929.

For over a thousand years, popes played powerful roles in Western Europe, often struggling with monarchs for power over wide-ranging affairs of church and state, crowning emperors ([[Charlemagne]] was the first emperor crowned by a pope) and regulating disputes among secular rulers.<ref>Such as regulating the colonization of the New World. See [[Line of Demarcation]] and [[Inter caetera]].</ref> The Bishop of Rome continued to be nominally allied with and part of the civil structure of the [[Byzantine Empire|(Byzantine) Roman Empire]] until the 8th century, when the [[Donation of Pepin]] gave Rome and the surrounding area to the full sovereignty of the pope, over which the popes already had been ''de facto'' rulers, creating the Papal States that lasted until 1870. For centuries, the forged [[Donation of Constantine]] also provided the basis for the papacy's claim of political supremacy over the entire former Western Roman Empire.

Gradually forced to give up secular power, popes have come to focus again almost exclusively on spiritual matters. Over the centuries, popes' claims of spiritual authority have been ever more clearly expressed since the first centuries, culminating in the proclamation of the [[dogma]] of [[papal infallibility]] for those rare occasions the pope speaks ''[[ex cathedra]]'' (literally "from the chair (of Peter)") when issuing a solemn definition of [[dogma|faith]] or [[morals]]. The last such occasion was in the year 1950 with the definition of the dogma of the [[Assumption of Mary]].

==See also==
*[[List of Popes of the Catholic Church]]
*[[Vatican II Church]]

==External links==
=== Encyclopedias ===
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/pope Encyclopedia Britannica: Pope]
*[https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/p2/pope.html Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition: Pope]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Catholic Church]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Popes| ]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[de:Papst]]
[[es:Papa]]

Pope - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[de:(.*)\]\]" to ""

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "{{reflist}}" to "{{reflist|2}}"

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

en>Crusader at 20:13, 10 February 2023