Protestantism - Revision history

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	=== Relationship to Judaism ===		=== Relationship to Judaism ===
	One argued effect of the primacy of the (argued) literal interpretation of the Bible and its very pro-~~Jewish~~ [[Old Testament]] (and the simultaneous rejection or downplaying of the role of Europeans, such as European Saints) was relatively more pro-~~Jewish~~ attitudes in many Protestant beliefs, as compared to traditional Catholicism, as well as varying support for [[Christian Zionism]].		One argued effect of the primacy of the (argued) literal interpretation of the Bible and its very pro-jewish [[Old Testament]] (and the simultaneous rejection or downplaying of the role of Europeans, such as European Saints) was relatively more pro-jewish attitudes in many Protestant beliefs, as compared to traditional Catholicism, as well as varying support for [[Christian Zionism]].

	[[Martin Luther]] even initially thought that the ~~Jews~~ would convert to Lutheranism, but became more critical after this not occurring and having read the [[Talmud]], and wrote ''[[On the ~~Jews~~ and Their Lies]]'', which may have contributed to more negative views in historical Lutheranism as compared to other Protestant beliefs.		[[Martin Luther]] even initially thought that the jews would convert to Lutheranism, but became more critical after this not occurring and having read the [[Talmud]], and wrote ''[[On the jews and Their Lies]]'', which may have contributed to more negative views in historical Lutheranism as compared to other Protestant beliefs.

	Today pro-~~Jewish~~ views are common in all major form of Christianity, including mainstream Catholicism, although still differing on issues such as degree of support for [[Christian Zionism]].		Today pro-jewish views are common in all major form of Christianity, including mainstream Catholicism, although still differing on issues such as degree of support for [[Christian Zionism]].

	===Members===		===Members===

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[[File:Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms 1521.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Martin Luther]] at the Diet (''Reichstag'') of Worms 1521 addressing the [[Roman-German Emperor]]; The [[Protestant Reformation]] began in Wittenberg, Germany, on 31 October 1517, when Luther, a German teacher and a monk, published a document he called ''Disputation on the Power of Indulgences'', or ''95 Theses''. The document was a series of 95 ideas about Christianity that he invited people to debate with him. These ideas were controversial because they directly contradicted the [[Catholic Church]]'s teachings.]]
'''Protestantism''' is a term used to describe a wide variety of religious beliefs, which first came to the fore in 16th century [[Europe]] as various figures broke from the [[Catholic Church]] in a process supporters refer to as the [[Protestant Reformation]] or the Reformation. The word Protestant is derived from the [[Latin]] ''protestari'', meaning formal declaration, which refers to a formal declaration by [[Lutheran]] princes (''Fürsten'') of the [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] against the anti-Reformation decision of the [[Diet of Speyer]] in 1529. Since that time, the term Protestantism has been used in many different senses, often as a general term to refer to "Western Christianity that is not subject to papal authority."
==History==
Protestantism began in the [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] in 1517, when [[Martin Luther]] published his [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Works_of_Martin_Luther,_with_introductions_and_notes/Volume_1/Disputation_on_Indulgences#Ninety-five_Theses ''Ninety-five Theses''] as a reaction against abuses in the sale of indulgences by the [[Catholic Church]], which purported to offer the remission of the temporal punishment of sins to their purchasers.

The main ideas of Protestantism can be summarized as a) the rejection of papal authority, b) rejection of most of the sacramental aspects of Catholic and Orthodox Christianity, including a strong iconoclastic current, c) the priesthood of all believers, d) the primacy of the Bible as the only source of revealed truth, and e) the belief in justification by faith alone.

The main forms of Protestantism which predominated in the first couple of centuries after its establishment were [[Lutheranism]], [[Calvinism]] and [[Anglicanism]]. Typically, these became the state religion of the [[Germanic]] countries of North-Western Europe and spread elsewhere through their colonies. There were also some minor sects such as [[Anabaptism]], [[Congregationalism]] and [[Quakerism]] amongst others, but these were less prominent. As a result of [[liberalism]], [[higher criticism]] and [[atheism]] many of the traditional Protestant European countries have become de-Christianised. Much of today's Protestantism around the world originates not from the teachings of [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]], but from the [[Evangelicalism]] of the [[Great Awakenings]] in the [[United States]] from the 18th century onwards. Today, the eccentric sect of [[Pentecostalism]] is gaining much influence across the world.

=== Relationship to Judaism ===
One argued effect of the primacy of the (argued) literal interpretation of the Bible and its very pro-Jewish [[Old Testament]] (and the simultaneous rejection or downplaying of the role of Europeans, such as European Saints) was relatively more pro-Jewish attitudes in many Protestant beliefs, as compared to traditional Catholicism, as well as varying support for [[Christian Zionism]].

[[Martin Luther]] even initially thought that the Jews would convert to Lutheranism, but became more critical after this not occurring and having read the [[Talmud]], and wrote ''[[On the Jews and Their Lies]]'', which may have contributed to more negative views in historical Lutheranism as compared to other Protestant beliefs.

Today pro-Jewish views are common in all major form of Christianity, including mainstream Catholicism, although still differing on issues such as degree of support for [[Christian Zionism]].

===Members===
Today, Protestantism constitutes the second-largest form of Christianity (after [[Catholicism]]), with a total of 800 million to 1 billion adherents worldwide or about 37 % of all [[Christians]].

==External links==
=== Article archives ===
*[https://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/category/protestantism/ The Occidental Observer: Protestantism]

=== Encyclopedia ===
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Protestantism Encyclopedia Britannica: Protestantism]
*[https://www.britannica.com/event/Reformation Encyclopedia Britannica: Reformation]
*[https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/p2/protestant.html Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition: Protestant]
*[https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/r/the_reformation.html Encyclopedia Britannica 1911 Edition: The Reformation]
*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/protestant-denominations/protestantism Encyclopedia.com: Protestantism]
*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/protestant-denominations/reformation Encyclopedia.com: Protestant Reformation]

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[[Category:Christianity]]
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