Rastenburg - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 22:01, 13 March 2024

2024-03-13T22:01:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:01, 13 March 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:East Prussia Rastenburg great photo.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Rastenburg in the 1930s.]]		[[File:East Prussia Rastenburg great photo.png\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Rastenburg in the 1930s.]]
	'''Rastenburg''' (Polish: Rastembork), a name said to be taken from [[Lithuanian language\|Lithuanian]] and [[Old Prussian]] as Raistpilis ("a castle in the swamps") is an ancient Prussian town in the east of [[East Prussia]]. The 13,859 (1935)<ref>Odham's ''New Pictorial Atlas & Gazetteer of the World'', Odhams Press Ltd.,London, 1935, p.279.</ref> original inhabitants, whose families had lived there for 700 years, were murdered and expelled in 1945-6. It is presently under occupation by [[Poland]]. It is claimed today that 28,350 Polish settlers now inhabit the town, although this could include the surrounding district too.		'''Rastenburg''' (Polish: Rastembork), a [[name]] said to be taken from [[Lithuanian language\|Lithuanian]] and [[Old Prussian]] as Raistpilis ("a castle in the swamps") is an ancient Prussian town in the east of [[East Prussia]]. The 13,859 (1935)<ref>Odham's ''New Pictorial Atlas & Gazetteer of the World'', Odhams Press Ltd.,[[London]], 1935, p.279.</ref> original inhabitants, whose families had lived there for 700 years, were murdered and expelled in 1945-6. It is presently under occupation by [[Poland]]. It is claimed today that 28,350 Polish settlers now inhabit the town, although this could include the surrounding district too.

	== History ==		== History ==
	The original inhabitants of the region are said by some to be the Baltic tribe of the Aesti, mentioned by [[Tacitus]] in his ''Germania'' (AD 98). However the [[Estonia]]n’s assert that this description relates specifically to them and not to the old Prussian tribes of this area. The town was established in 1329 by the [[Teutonic Knights]], who erected a castle there, and was granted town rights in 1357.		The original inhabitants of the region are said by some to be the Baltic tribe of the Aesti, mentioned by [[Tacitus]] in his ''[[Germania]]'' (AD 98). However the [[Estonia]]n’s assert that this description relates specifically to them and not to the old Prussian tribes of this area. The town was established in 1329 by the [[Teutonic Knights]], who erected a castle there, and was granted town [[rights]] in 1357.

	In 1935 Rastenburg had a brewery, mills, a sugar factory and machinery workshops.<ref>Odham's, 1935, p.279.</ref>		In 1935 Rastenburg had a brewery, mills, a sugar factory and machinery workshops.<ref>Odham's, 1935, p.279.</ref>
Line 9:		Line 9:
	===World Wars===		===World Wars===
	[[File:East Prussia Rastenburg Wolf's Lair bunkers.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Part of the WWII ''Wolfsschanze'' bunker network at Rastenburg.]]		[[File:East Prussia Rastenburg Wolf's Lair bunkers.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|right\|Part of the WWII ''Wolfsschanze'' bunker network at Rastenburg.]]
	Rastenburg and the surrounding district was the scene of the [[First World War]]'s first and second Battles of the Masurian Lakes where the invading Russian armies were decisively beaten and driven back well into Russian territory. During the [[Second World War]], [[Adolf Hitler]]'s wartime military headquarters, the ''Wolfsschanze'' (Wolf's Lair), was located in the forest east of Rastenburg. These headquarters were the setting for the infamous 20th July 1944 failed assassination plot against Hitler. In 1945 the area suffered devastation from the advancing [[Soviet Union\|Red Army]] during their Vistula to Oder campaign. Some ruins of the ''Wolfsschanze'' remain. The town itself served as a [[Wehrmacht]] garrison town until it was occupied by the [[Red Army]] on January 27, 1945.		Rastenburg and the surrounding district was the scene of the [[First World War]]'s first and second Battles of the Masurian Lakes where the invading Russian armies were decisively beaten and driven back well into Russian territory. During the [[Second World War]], [[Adolf Hitler]]'s wartime military headquarters, the ''Wolfsschanze'' (Wolf's Lair), was located in the forest east of Rastenburg. These headquarters were the setting for the infamous 20th July 1944 failed assassination plot against [[Hitler]]. In 1945 the area suffered devastation from the advancing [[Soviet Union\|Red Army]] during their Vistula to Oder campaign. Some ruins of the ''Wolfsschanze'' remain. The town itself served as a [[Wehrmacht]] garrison town until it was occupied by the [[Red Army]] on January 27, 1945.

	===Occupation===		===Occupation===
	After the war, the town found itself in the [[Soviet Union]]’s Occupation Zone of Germany. [[Stalin]] then announced to the western plutocratic Allies at the [[Potsdam Conference]] that the population had "fled"<ref>de Zayas, Alfred M., ''Nemesis at Potsdam'': The Anglo-Americans and the Expulsion of the Germans - Background, Execution and Consequences, RKP London, 1977/1979, p.86. ISBN 0-7100-0458-3</ref>; he "emphasised that no single German remained in the territory to be 'given' (by him) to Poland". It was, however, made clear by the western Allies at the conference that "Poland did not have any right to deport persons", when he announced that he was handing over the administration of that part of [[East Prussia]] to his new puppet state of communist [[Poland]]. Rastenburg’s surviving residents who had not fled the Soviets were subsequently brutally expelled (and often murdered) westward and replaced with "bussed in" Polish settlers who renamed it Rastembork in 1945, and again in 1946 Kętrzyn after Wojciech Kętrzyński, a 'historian' said to have remote [[Kashubian]] ancestry, but who in fact was born in [[Lötzen]], [[Prussia]], as Adalbert von Winkler. His father had served in the Prussian Army and later became a Prussian policeman (gendarm) at Lötzen, where he married a local German wife and died in 1846. Following his father's death, Adalbert continued his upbringing with a German family. What possible basis there could be for giving Rastenburg his assumed Polish name is unknown.		After the war, the town found itself in the [[Soviet Union]]’s Occupation Zone of [[Germany]]. [[Stalin]] then announced to the western plutocratic Allies at the [[Potsdam Conference]] that the population had "fled"<ref>de Zayas, Alfred M., ''Nemesis at Potsdam'': The [[Anglo-Americans]] and the Expulsion of the [[Germans]] - Background, Execution and Consequences, RKP London, 1977/1979, p.86. ISBN 0-7100-0458-3</ref>; he "emphasised that no single [[German]] remained in the territory to be 'given' (by him) to Poland". It was, however, made clear by the western Allies at the conference that "Poland did not have any right to deport persons", when he announced that he was handing over the administration of that part of [[East Prussia]] to his new puppet state of [[communist]] [[Poland]]. Rastenburg’s surviving residents who had not fled the Soviets were subsequently brutally expelled (and often murdered) westward and replaced with "bussed in" Polish settlers who renamed it Rastembork in 1945, and again in 1946 Kętrzyn after Wojciech Kętrzyński, a 'historian' said to have remote [[Kashubian]] ancestry, but who in [[fact]] was born in [[Lötzen]], [[Prussia]], as Adalbert von Winkler. His father had served in the Prussian Army and later became a Prussian policeman (gendarm) at Lötzen, where he married a local German wife and died in 1846. Following his father's death, Adalbert continued his upbringing with a German family. What possible basis there could be for giving Rastenburg his assumed Polish name is unknown.

	==People from Rastenburg==		==People from Rastenburg==
Line 18:		Line 18:
	* [[Elisabet Boehm]] (1859–1943), German women's rights advocate		* [[Elisabet Boehm]] (1859–1943), German women's rights advocate
	* [[Arno Holz]] (1863–1929) German poet and dramatist		* [[Arno Holz]] (1863–1929) German poet and dramatist
	* [[Wilhelm Wien]], German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1911 for his work on black body radiation. He was a cousin of [[Max Carl Wien]], also a physicist.		* [[Wilhelm Wien]], German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in [[physics]] in 1911 for his work on black body radiation. He was a cousin of [[Max Carl Wien]], also a physicist.
	* [[Rüdiger von Heyking]] (1894-1956), German [[Luftwaffe]] general		* [[Rüdiger von Heyking]] (1894-1956), German [[Luftwaffe]] general
	* [[Waldemar Grzimek]] (1918–1984), German [[sculptor]]		* [[Waldemar Grzimek]] (1918–1984), German [[sculptor]]
Line 32:		Line 32:
	* [http://www.ketrzyn.net/ Kętrzyn]		* [http://www.ketrzyn.net/ Kętrzyn]

			[[Category:History]]
			[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]

	[[Category:~~East Prussia~~]]
	[[Category:Prussia]]		[[Category:Prussia]]
	~~[[Category:towns]]~~
	~~[[Category:history]]~~


	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category:(.)Order(.)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-17T18:30:51Z

Text replacement - "\[\[Category:(.*)Order(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:30, 17 February 2024
Line 39:		Line 39:
	[[Category:towns]]		[[Category:towns]]
	[[Category:history]]		[[Category:history]]
	~~[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]~~

	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.)German(.)\]\]" to ""

2024-02-12T07:40:43Z

Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.*)German(.*)\]\]" to ""

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:40, 11 February 2024
Line 34:		Line 34:


	~~[[Category:Germany]]~~
	[[Category:East Prussia]]		[[Category:East Prussia]]
	[[Category:Prussia]]		[[Category:Prussia]]
Line 40:		Line 40:
	[[Category:history]]		[[Category:history]]
	[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]		[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]
	~~[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]~~
	[[Category:WWAC]]		[[Category:WWAC]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "{{Reflist}}" to "{{Reflist|2}}"

2024-02-09T01:26:28Z

Text replacement - "{{Reflist}}" to "{{Reflist|2}}"

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 8 February 2024
Line 24:		Line 24:

	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist\|2}}
	* Schieder, Professor (Cologne) Theodor, et al, editors, ''The Expulsion of the German Population from the Territories East of the Oder-Neisse Line'', published by the Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims, [[Bonn]], Germany, English edition, 1954, vol.1.		* Schieder, Professor (Cologne) Theodor, et al, editors, ''The Expulsion of the German Population from the Territories East of the Oder-Neisse Line'', published by the Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims, [[Bonn]], Germany, English edition, 1954, vol.1.

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:World War II" to "Category:WWAC"

2024-02-08T10:35:16Z

Text replacement - "Category:World War II" to "Category:WWAC"

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:35, 8 February 2024
Line 41:		Line 41:
	[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]		[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]
	[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]		[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]
	[[Category:~~World War II~~]]		[[Category:WWAC]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:German " to "Category:"

2024-02-08T06:29:06Z

Text replacement - "Category:German " to "Category:"

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, 7 February 2024
Line 37:		Line 37:
	[[Category:East Prussia]]		[[Category:East Prussia]]
	[[Category:Prussia]]		[[Category:Prussia]]
	[[Category:~~German~~ towns]]		[[Category:towns]]
	[[Category:~~German~~ history]]		[[Category:history]]
	[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]		[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]
	[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]		[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]
	[[Category:World War II]]		[[Category:World War II]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

2024-02-06T21:40:43Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:40, 6 February 2024
(No difference)

en>Matt58: /* World Wars */ typo

2021-09-17T10:55:13Z

World Wars: typo

New page

[[File:East Prussia Rastenburg great photo.png|300px|thumb|right|Rastenburg in the 1930s.]]
'''Rastenburg''' (Polish: Rastembork), a name said to be taken from [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] and [[Old Prussian]] as Raistpilis ("a castle in the swamps") is an ancient Prussian town in the east of [[East Prussia]]. The 13,859 (1935)<ref>Odham's ''New Pictorial Atlas & Gazetteer of the World'', Odhams Press Ltd.,London, 1935, p.279.</ref> original inhabitants, whose families had lived there for 700 years, were murdered and expelled in 1945-6. It is presently under occupation by [[Poland]]. It is claimed today that 28,350 Polish settlers now inhabit the town, although this could include the surrounding district too.

== History ==
The original inhabitants of the region are said by some to be the Baltic tribe of the Aesti, mentioned by [[Tacitus]] in his ''Germania'' (AD 98). However the [[Estonia]]n’s assert that this description relates specifically to them and not to the old Prussian tribes of this area. The town was established in 1329 by the [[Teutonic Knights]], who erected a castle there, and was granted town rights in 1357.

In 1935 Rastenburg had a brewery, mills, a sugar factory and machinery workshops.<ref>Odham's, 1935, p.279.</ref>

===World Wars===
[[File:East Prussia Rastenburg Wolf's Lair bunkers.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Part of the WWII ''Wolfsschanze'' bunker network at Rastenburg.]]
Rastenburg and the surrounding district was the scene of the [[First World War]]'s first and second Battles of the Masurian Lakes where the invading Russian armies were decisively beaten and driven back well into Russian territory. During the [[Second World War]], [[Adolf Hitler]]'s wartime military headquarters, the ''Wolfsschanze'' (Wolf's Lair), was located in the forest east of Rastenburg. These headquarters were the setting for the infamous 20th July 1944 failed assassination plot against Hitler. In 1945 the area suffered devastation from the advancing [[Soviet Union|Red Army]] during their Vistula to Oder campaign. Some ruins of the ''Wolfsschanze'' remain. The town itself served as a [[Wehrmacht]] garrison town until it was occupied by the [[Red Army]] on January 27, 1945.

===Occupation===
After the war, the town found itself in the [[Soviet Union]]’s Occupation Zone of Germany. [[Stalin]] then announced to the western plutocratic Allies at the [[Potsdam Conference]] that the population had "fled"<ref>de Zayas, Alfred M., ''Nemesis at Potsdam'': The Anglo-Americans and the Expulsion of the Germans - Background, Execution and Consequences, RKP London, 1977/1979, p.86. ISBN 0-7100-0458-3</ref>; he "emphasised that no single German remained in the territory to be 'given' (by him) to Poland". It was, however, made clear by the western Allies at the conference that "Poland did not have any right to deport persons", when he announced that he was handing over the administration of that part of [[East Prussia]] to his new puppet state of communist [[Poland]]. Rastenburg’s surviving residents who had not fled the Soviets were subsequently brutally expelled (and often murdered) westward and replaced with "bussed in" Polish settlers who renamed it Rastembork in 1945, and again in 1946 Kętrzyn after Wojciech Kętrzyński, a 'historian' said to have remote [[Kashubian]] ancestry, but who in fact was born in [[Lötzen]], [[Prussia]], as Adalbert von Winkler. His father had served in the Prussian Army and later became a Prussian policeman (gendarm) at Lötzen, where he married a local German wife and died in 1846. Following his father's death, Adalbert continued his upbringing with a German family. What possible basis there could be for giving Rastenburg his assumed Polish name is unknown.

==People from Rastenburg==
* [[Karl Bogislaus Reichert]], 19th century German anatomist
* [[Elisabet Boehm]] (1859–1943), German women's rights advocate
* [[Arno Holz]] (1863–1929) German poet and dramatist
* [[Wilhelm Wien]], German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1911 for his work on black body radiation. He was a cousin of [[Max Carl Wien]], also a physicist.
* [[Rüdiger von Heyking]] (1894-1956), German [[Luftwaffe]] general
* [[Waldemar Grzimek]] (1918–1984), German [[sculptor]]
* [[Siegfried Tiefensee]] (1922–2009), German composer

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Schieder, Professor (Cologne) Theodor, et al, editors, ''The Expulsion of the German Population from the Territories East of the Oder-Neisse Line'', published by the Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims, [[Bonn]], Germany, English edition, 1954, vol.1.

==External links==
* [http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/provinz_ostpreussen.htm Provinz Ostpreußen]
* [http://www.ketrzyn.pl/ Municipal webpage]
* [http://www.ketrzyn.net/ Kętrzyn]

[[Category:Germany]]
[[Category:East Prussia]]
[[Category:Prussia]]
[[Category:German towns]]
[[Category:German history]]
[[Category:Towns of the Teutonic Order]]
[[Category:Towns in occupied Germany]]
[[Category:World War II]]