Richard I of England - Revision history

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	~~[[Category:Franks]]~~

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	In 1188 Henry II planned to concede Aquitaine to his youngest son John. The following year, 1189 Richard attempted to take the throne of [[England]] for himself by joining Philip's expedition against his father. On 4 July 1189, Richard and Philip’s forces defeated Henry's army at Ballans. Henry, with John's consent, agreed to name Richard his heir. Two days later [[Henry II]] died in Chinon, and [[Richard I]] succeeded him as King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou. Roger of Hoveden claimed that Henry's corpse bled from the nose in Richard's presence, which was taken as a sign that Richard had caused his death. He was officially crowned duke on 20 July 1189 and king in Westminster on 3 September 1189.		In 1188 Henry II planned to concede Aquitaine to his youngest son John. The following year, 1189 Richard attempted to take the throne of [[England]] for himself by joining Philip's expedition against his father. On 4 July 1189, Richard and Philip’s forces defeated Henry's army at Ballans. Henry, with John's consent, agreed to name Richard his heir. Two days later [[Henry II]] died in Chinon, and [[Richard I]] succeeded him as King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou. Roger of Hoveden claimed that Henry's corpse bled from the nose in Richard's presence, which was taken as a sign that Richard had caused his death. He was officially crowned duke on 20 July 1189 and king in Westminster on 3 September 1189.

	=== ~~Jewish~~ policy===		=== jewish policy===

	When Richard I was crowned King of England, he barred all [[~~Jews~~]] and women from the ceremony (apparently a concession to the fact that his coronation was not merely one of a king but of a crusader), but some ~~Jewish~~ leaders arrived to present gifts for the new king. According to Ralph of Diceto, Richard's courtiers stripped and flogged the ~~Jews~~, then flung them out of court. When a rumour spread that Richard had ordered all ~~Jews~~ to be killed, the people of London began a massacre. Many ~~Jews~~ were beaten to death, robbed, and burnt alive. Many ~~Jewish~~ homes were burned down and several ~~Jews~~ were forcibly baptised. Some sought sanctuary in the Tower of London, and others managed to escape. Among those killed was Jacob of Orléans, widely regarded as one of the most learned of the age. Roger of Howeden, in his Gesta Regis Ricardi, claimed that the rioting was started by the jealous and bigoted citizens, and that Richard punished the perpetrators, allowing a forcibly converted ~~Jew~~ to return to Judaism. Archbishop of Canterbury Baldwin of Exeter reacted by remarking, "If the King is not God's man, he had better be the devil's," a reference to the supposedly infernal blood in the Angevin line.		When Richard I was crowned King of England, he barred all [[jews]] and women from the ceremony (apparently a concession to the fact that his coronation was not merely one of a king but of a crusader), but some jewish leaders arrived to present gifts for the new king. According to Ralph of Diceto, Richard's courtiers stripped and flogged the jews, then flung them out of court. When a rumour spread that Richard had ordered all jews to be killed, the people of London began a massacre. Many jews were beaten to death, robbed, and burnt alive. Many jewish homes were burned down and several jews were forcibly baptised. Some sought sanctuary in the Tower of London, and others managed to escape. Among those killed was Jacob of Orléans, widely regarded as one of the most learned of the age. Roger of Howeden, in his Gesta Regis Ricardi, claimed that the rioting was started by the jealous and bigoted citizens, and that Richard punished the perpetrators, allowing a forcibly converted jew to return to Judaism. Archbishop of Canterbury Baldwin of Exeter reacted by remarking, "If the King is not God's man, he had better be the devil's," a reference to the supposedly infernal blood in the Angevin line.

	Realising that the assaults could destabilize his realm on the eve of his departure on crusade, Richard ordered the execution of those responsible for the most egregious murders and persecutions. He distributed a royal writ demanding that the ~~Jews~~ be protected. However, the edict was loosely enforced, as the following March there was further violence, including a massacre at [[York]].		Realising that the assaults could destabilize his realm on the eve of his departure on crusade, Richard ordered the execution of those responsible for the most egregious murders and persecutions. He distributed a royal writ demanding that the jews be protected. However, the edict was loosely enforced, as the following March there was further violence, including a massacre at [[York]].

	===Crusade Plans ===		===Crusade Plans ===

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2024-02-22T18:03:00Z

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	~~[[Category:English monarchs]]~~

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2024-02-06T22:40:50Z

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