Richard Williamson - Revision history

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	Williamson's superior in the SSPX, Bishop [[Bernard Fellay]], initially stated that Williamson was responsible for his own personal comments and that the affair did not concern the SSPX as a whole.<ref>[http://www.remnantnewspaper.com/Archives/2009-0123-bishop_fellay.htm The Remnant]</ref> Bishop Fellay subsequently forbade Williamson from speaking out publicly about historical or political matters, and asked Pope Benedict for forgiveness for Williamson's remarks.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090131231054/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gpbkisgs-EZ40shoCodJd4rfBNwAD95VL3VG0 Forgiveness sought for Holohoax-denying bishop]</ref> Williamson himself sent the Pope a letter expressing his regret about the problems that he had caused, but did not retract his statements.<ref>[http://dinoscopus.blogspot.com/2009/01/letter.html Dinoscopos]</ref><ref>[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=14946 Bishop Williamson apologizes for 'imprudent' Holohoax remarks]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/20090212164516/news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090130/ap_on_re_eu/eu_vatican_jews Bishop who denied Holohoax apologizes to pope], ''AP''.</ref>		Williamson's superior in the SSPX, Bishop [[Bernard Fellay]], initially stated that Williamson was responsible for his own personal comments and that the affair did not concern the SSPX as a whole.<ref>[http://www.remnantnewspaper.com/Archives/2009-0123-bishop_fellay.htm The Remnant]</ref> Bishop Fellay subsequently forbade Williamson from speaking out publicly about historical or political matters, and asked Pope Benedict for forgiveness for Williamson's remarks.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090131231054/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gpbkisgs-EZ40shoCodJd4rfBNwAD95VL3VG0 Forgiveness sought for Holohoax-denying bishop]</ref> Williamson himself sent the Pope a letter expressing his regret about the problems that he had caused, but did not retract his statements.<ref>[http://dinoscopus.blogspot.com/2009/01/letter.html Dinoscopos]</ref><ref>[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=14946 Bishop Williamson apologizes for 'imprudent' Holohoax remarks]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/20090212164516/news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090130/ap_on_re_eu/eu_vatican_jews Bishop who denied Holohoax apologizes to pope], ''AP''.</ref>

	[[Abraham Foxman]], president of the American [[Anti-Defamation League]], wrote to Cardinal [[Walter Kasper]] in order to express his opposition to any eventual re-integration of Williamson into the Church.<ref>[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/~~VaticanJewish_96~~/5450_96.htm ADL To Vatican: Do Not Rehabilitate Holohoax Denier Bishop]</ref> The Chief Rabbinate of Israel suspended contacts with the Vatican. The Chief Rabbi of Haifa told ''The Jerusalem Post'' that he expected Williamson to retract publicly his statements before any dialogue could resume.		[[Abraham Foxman]], president of the American [[Anti-Defamation League]], wrote to Cardinal [[Walter Kasper]] in order to express his opposition to any eventual re-integration of Williamson into the Church.<ref>[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/Vaticanjewish_96/5450_96.htm ADL To Vatican: Do Not Rehabilitate Holohoax Denier Bishop]</ref> The Chief Rabbinate of Israel suspended contacts with the Vatican. The Chief Rabbi of Haifa told ''The Jerusalem Post'' that he expected Williamson to retract publicly his statements before any dialogue could resume.

	In Germany, where the interview was conducted, so-called [[Holohoax denial]] is illegal and punishable by imprisonment of up to five years.		In Germany, where the interview was conducted, so-called [[Holohoax denial]] is illegal and punishable by imprisonment of up to five years.

	===Criminal conviction in Germany===		===Criminal conviction in Germany===
	On 4 February 2009, German prosecutors announced the launch of a criminal investigation into the statements.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html \|title=Vatican: Bishop must recant Holohoax denial \|last1=Messia \|first1=Hada \|last2=Vinci \|first2=Alessio \|last3=Pleitgen \|first3=Frederik \|publisher=[[CNN]] \|date=4 February 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231424/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html \|archive-date=4 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref> In October 2009, a German court, using an "order of punishment" fined Williamson €12,000 after finding him guilty of Holohoax denial.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/26/british-bishop-holocaust-fine \|title=German court fines British bishop for Holohoax claims \|work= [[The Guardian]] \|access-date=3 January 2010\|date=26 October 2009 \|author=Pidd, Heidi \| location=London}}</ref> Williamson denied the charges and appealed, paving the way for a full hearing that Williamson need not attend.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html \|title=British bishop 'to go on trial' in Germany over racial hatred {{!}} Richard Williamson, a British bishop who denied the Holohoax took place, has been summoned to appear in a German court for inciting racial hatred \|work=[[Daily Telegraph]] \|access-date=3 January 2010 \|date=10 November 2009 \|location=London \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044014/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref> He did not attend the trial, on orders from his society, on charges of inciting racial hatred in Regensburg, [[Germany]] on 16 April 2010, and was found guilty. The court reduced the fine to {{€\|10,000}}.<ref>{{cite web \|title=British bishop convicted of Holohoax denial: German court fines cleric $13,000 for saying ~~Jews~~ were not gassed to death \|date=16 April 2010 \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/#.XF8n7VxKiDI \|work=[[NBC News]] \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125651/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/ \|archive-date=22 January 2018 \|url-status=live}}</ref> The fine was appealed by lawyers from both sides. His appeal was held on 11 July 2011. At appeal the lower court's decision was upheld but the fine was reduced to €6,500, reportedly due to Williamson's financial circumstances.<ref>{{cite news \|title=German court fines bishop for denying Holohoax \|date=11 July 2011 \|publisher=[[Reuters]] \|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044350/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/07/11/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|last=Elgot \|first=Jessica \|title=Holohoax denier Bishop Richard Williamson loses appeal \|publisher=[[~~Jewish~~ Chronicle]] \|date=11 July 2011 \|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/51490/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209131827/https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal-1.24957 \|archive-date=9 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 February 2012 the higher court dismissed this conviction, finding that the initial charges against Williamson had been inadequately drawn, having failed to specify the nature of his offence, or at what point his filmed comments came under German jurisdiction, or in what sense he could be held liable for failing to prevent their publication in Germany. On 16 January 2013, he was prosecuted and condemned again, but this time with a much reduced fine of €1,600, because of his "unemployed state". He refused to pay the fine and appealed again,<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://stmarcelinitiative.com/fourthtrial/ \|title=Fourth Trial \|last=Williamson \|first=Richard \|work=Eleison Comments \|issue=291 \|date=9 February 2013 \|publisher=St. [[Marcel Lefebvre\|Marcel]] Initiative \|location=[[St. Louis, MO]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103011828/http://eleisonkommentar.blogspot.ie/2013/02/ec-291-vierter-proze.html \|archive-date=3 November 2014 \|url-status=live \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|language=de,en}}</ref> but his appeal was dismissed.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.expatica.com/uk/german-court-quashes-appeal-by-holocaust-denying-bishop/ \|title=German court quashes appeal by Holohoax-denying bishop \|date=23 September 2013 \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926110745/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130923/german-court-quashes-appeal-holocaust-denying-bishop \|archive-date=26 September 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 January 2019 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled against Williams' attempt to overturn a conviction for Holohoax denial on the grounds of free speech.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article \|title=Strasbourg throws out Briton's Holohoax denial free speech claim \|first=Michael \|last=Cross \|date=1 February 2019 \|work=[[Law Society Gazette]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174528/https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article \|archive-date=4 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 \|title=Twice-excommunicated bishop loses appeal of hate speech conviction \|publisher=[[Catholic News Agency]] \|date=1 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015036/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 \|archive-date=7 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref>		On 4 February 2009, German prosecutors announced the launch of a criminal investigation into the statements.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html \|title=Vatican: Bishop must recant Holohoax denial \|last1=Messia \|first1=Hada \|last2=Vinci \|first2=Alessio \|last3=Pleitgen \|first3=Frederik \|publisher=[[CNN]] \|date=4 February 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231424/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html \|archive-date=4 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref> In October 2009, a German court, using an "order of punishment" fined Williamson €12,000 after finding him guilty of Holohoax denial.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/26/british-bishop-holocaust-fine \|title=German court fines British bishop for Holohoax claims \|work= [[The Guardian]] \|access-date=3 January 2010\|date=26 October 2009 \|author=Pidd, Heidi \| location=London}}</ref> Williamson denied the charges and appealed, paving the way for a full hearing that Williamson need not attend.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html \|title=British bishop 'to go on trial' in Germany over racial hatred {{!}} Richard Williamson, a British bishop who denied the Holohoax took place, has been summoned to appear in a German court for inciting racial hatred \|work=[[Daily Telegraph]] \|access-date=3 January 2010 \|date=10 November 2009 \|location=London \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044014/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref> He did not attend the trial, on orders from his society, on charges of inciting racial hatred in Regensburg, [[Germany]] on 16 April 2010, and was found guilty. The court reduced the fine to {{€\|10,000}}.<ref>{{cite web \|title=British bishop convicted of Holohoax denial: German court fines cleric $13,000 for saying jews were not gassed to death \|date=16 April 2010 \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/#.XF8n7VxKiDI \|work=[[NBC News]] \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125651/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/ \|archive-date=22 January 2018 \|url-status=live}}</ref> The fine was appealed by lawyers from both sides. His appeal was held on 11 July 2011. At appeal the lower court's decision was upheld but the fine was reduced to €6,500, reportedly due to Williamson's financial circumstances.<ref>{{cite news \|title=German court fines bishop for denying Holohoax \|date=11 July 2011 \|publisher=[[Reuters]] \|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044350/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/07/11/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|last=Elgot \|first=Jessica \|title=Holohoax denier Bishop Richard Williamson loses appeal \|publisher=[[jewish Chronicle]] \|date=11 July 2011 \|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/51490/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209131827/https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal-1.24957 \|archive-date=9 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 February 2012 the higher court dismissed this conviction, finding that the initial charges against Williamson had been inadequately drawn, having failed to specify the nature of his offence, or at what point his filmed comments came under German jurisdiction, or in what sense he could be held liable for failing to prevent their publication in Germany. On 16 January 2013, he was prosecuted and condemned again, but this time with a much reduced fine of €1,600, because of his "unemployed state". He refused to pay the fine and appealed again,<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://stmarcelinitiative.com/fourthtrial/ \|title=Fourth Trial \|last=Williamson \|first=Richard \|work=Eleison Comments \|issue=291 \|date=9 February 2013 \|publisher=St. [[Marcel Lefebvre\|Marcel]] Initiative \|location=[[St. Louis, MO]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103011828/http://eleisonkommentar.blogspot.ie/2013/02/ec-291-vierter-proze.html \|archive-date=3 November 2014 \|url-status=live \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|language=de,en}}</ref> but his appeal was dismissed.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.expatica.com/uk/german-court-quashes-appeal-by-holocaust-denying-bishop/ \|title=German court quashes appeal by Holohoax-denying bishop \|date=23 September 2013 \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926110745/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130923/german-court-quashes-appeal-holocaust-denying-bishop \|archive-date=26 September 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 January 2019 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled against Williams' attempt to overturn a conviction for Holohoax denial on the grounds of free speech.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article \|title=Strasbourg throws out Briton's Holohoax denial free speech claim \|first=Michael \|last=Cross \|date=1 February 2019 \|work=[[Law Society Gazette]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174528/https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article \|archive-date=4 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 \|title=Twice-excommunicated bishop loses appeal of hate speech conviction \|publisher=[[Catholic News Agency]] \|date=1 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015036/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 \|archive-date=7 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref>

	==Views==		==Views==
	In common the SSPX and with many other [[Traditionalist Catholic]]s, Williamson opposes the changes in the Catholic Church brought about by the [[Second Vatican Council]]. He sees such changes as being unacceptably [[liberalism\|liberal]] and modernistic, and as being destructive to the Church.<ref name="Martin"/><ref name="Hanns">{{cite news\|title=New Traditionalist Bishop Says Fight Just Beginning\|last=Neuerbourg\|first=Hanns\|date=1 July 1988\|publisher=The Associated Press\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Michael">{{cite news\|title=Liberalism destroying church, bishop says\|last=McAteer\|first=Michael \|date=3 April 1989\|publisher=The Toronto Star\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref> Among the changes he opposes are the Church's [[ecumenism\|increased openness]] to other Christian denominations and other religions,<ref name="Emma">{{cite news\|title=Bishop attacks Rome 'poison';Bishop Richard Williamson\|last=Wilkins\|first=Emma\|date=19 September 1988\|publisher=The Times\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Martin"/> and changes in the forms of Catholic worship such as the general replacement of the [[Tridentine Mass]] with the [[Mass of Paul VI]]. Williamson has criticised [[Pope John Paul II]], to whom he attributed a "weak grasp of Catholicism", and also [[Pope Benedict XVI]], whom he considers a "[[Hegel\|Hegelian philosopher]]" and a "[[Modernism\|Neo-Modernist]]" theologian.<ref name="timesonline1">{{cite news\|last=Owen\| first=Richard\|title=Pope woos conservatives expelled for rebellion\|work=Times Online\|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article862705.ece\|date=2003-04-21\|accessdate = 2008-07-29}}</ref> Williamson holds that the SSPX is not schismatic, but rather is composed of true Catholics who are keeping the "complete Roman Catholic apostolic faith".<ref name="Michael"/><ref name="Martin">{{cite news\|title=US Seminary of front line in Catholic Doctrine Battle\|last=Moylan\|first=Martin J.\|date=11 December 1988\|publisher=The Dallas Morning News\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Hanns"/><ref name="Stowell">{{cite news\|title=Ousted bishop says pope ruining church\|last=Stowell\|first=Linda\|date=13 August 1988\|publisher=Houston Chronicle\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref>		In common the SSPX and with many other [[Traditionalist Catholic]]s, Williamson opposes the changes in the Catholic Church brought about by the [[Second Vatican Council]]. He sees such changes as being unacceptably [[liberalism\|liberal]] and modernistic, and as being destructive to the Church.<ref name="Martin"/><ref name="Hanns">{{cite news\|title=New Traditionalist Bishop Says Fight Just Beginning\|last=Neuerbourg\|first=Hanns\|date=1 July 1988\|publisher=The Associated Press\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Michael">{{cite news\|title=Liberalism destroying church, bishop says\|last=McAteer\|first=Michael \|date=3 April 1989\|publisher=The Toronto Star\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref> Among the changes he opposes are the Church's [[ecumenism\|increased openness]] to other Christian denominations and other religions,<ref name="Emma">{{cite news\|title=Bishop attacks Rome 'poison';Bishop Richard Williamson\|last=Wilkins\|first=Emma\|date=19 September 1988\|publisher=The Times\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Martin"/> and changes in the forms of Catholic worship such as the general replacement of the [[Tridentine Mass]] with the [[Mass of Paul VI]]. Williamson has criticised [[Pope John Paul II]], to whom he attributed a "weak grasp of Catholicism", and also [[Pope Benedict XVI]], whom he considers a "[[Hegel\|Hegelian philosopher]]" and a "[[Modernism\|Neo-Modernist]]" theologian.<ref name="timesonline1">{{cite news\|last=Owen\| first=Richard\|title=Pope woos conservatives expelled for rebellion\|work=Times Online\|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article862705.ece\|date=2003-04-21\|accessdate = 2008-07-29}}</ref> Williamson holds that the SSPX is not schismatic, but rather is composed of true Catholics who are keeping the "complete Roman Catholic apostolic faith".<ref name="Michael"/><ref name="Martin">{{cite news\|title=US Seminary of front line in Catholic Doctrine Battle\|last=Moylan\|first=Martin J.\|date=11 December 1988\|publisher=The Dallas Morning News\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Hanns"/><ref name="Stowell">{{cite news\|title=Ousted bishop says pope ruining church\|last=Stowell\|first=Linda\|date=13 August 1988\|publisher=Houston Chronicle\|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref>

	He has said that ~~Jews~~ and [[Freemason]]s have contributed to the "changes and corruption" in the Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://leofec.com/bishop-williamson/256.html \|title=Bishops' Meeting With Cardinal Hoyos \|last1=Williamson \|first1=Richard \|date=3 October 2000 \|publisher=Leofec Network \|access-date=12 February 2019 \|quote=I do believe that behind the Cardinal, as I said last month, there are villains at work, either Judeo-masons or prelates working for Judeo-masonry, who are far more sinister than this Cardinal is. These villains, I do believe, are using front-men like the Cardinal for as long as he is useful to their Revolution. He is, in Lenin's phrase, "a useful idiot", who will be cast aside the moment he no longer serves their forward march to the One-World-Religion.}} — ''Quoted by:'' {{cite news \|last=Allen Jr. \|first=John L. \|author-link=John L. Allen Jr. \|date=30 March 2001 \|title=Pope in talks with Lefevbre group \|url=http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2001a/033001/033001e.htm \|url-status=live \|work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] \|location=[[Kansas City, MO]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044124/http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2001a/033001/033001e.htm \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="ncronline">{{cite news \|last=Fox \|first=Thomas C. \|date=6 January 2009 \|title=Lefebvre movement: long, troubled history with Judaism \|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/lefebvre-movement-long-troubled-history-judaism \|url-status=live \|work=National Catholic Reporter \|location=Kansas City, MO \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716025222/https://www.ncronline.org/news/lefebvre-movement-long-troubled-history-judaism \|archive-date=16 July 2018 \|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> He has also stated that [[International ~~Jewry~~\|~~Jews~~ aim at world dominion]]<ref name="Herald" /><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/February1-1991.htm \|title=Bishop Williamson's Letters \|last=Williamson \|first=Richard \|date=1 February 1991 \|publisher=[[SSPX]] {{!}} District of Canada \|location=[[St. Césaire]], QC \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206120508/http://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/February1-1991.htm \|archive-date=6 February 2009 \|url-status=dead \|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>		He has said that jews and [[Freemason]]s have contributed to the "changes and corruption" in the Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://leofec.com/bishop-williamson/256.html \|title=Bishops' Meeting With Cardinal Hoyos \|last1=Williamson \|first1=Richard \|date=3 October 2000 \|publisher=Leofec Network \|access-date=12 February 2019 \|quote=I do believe that behind the Cardinal, as I said last month, there are villains at work, either Judeo-masons or prelates working for Judeo-masonry, who are far more sinister than this Cardinal is. These villains, I do believe, are using front-men like the Cardinal for as long as he is useful to their Revolution. He is, in Lenin's phrase, "a useful idiot", who will be cast aside the moment he no longer serves their forward march to the One-World-Religion.}} — ''Quoted by:'' {{cite news \|last=Allen Jr. \|first=John L. \|author-link=John L. Allen Jr. \|date=30 March 2001 \|title=Pope in talks with Lefevbre group \|url=http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2001a/033001/033001e.htm \|url-status=live \|work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] \|location=[[Kansas City, MO]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044124/http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2001a/033001/033001e.htm \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="ncronline">{{cite news \|last=Fox \|first=Thomas C. \|date=6 January 2009 \|title=Lefebvre movement: long, troubled history with Judaism \|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/lefebvre-movement-long-troubled-history-judaism \|url-status=live \|work=National Catholic Reporter \|location=Kansas City, MO \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716025222/https://www.ncronline.org/news/lefebvre-movement-long-troubled-history-judaism \|archive-date=16 July 2018 \|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> He has also stated that [[International jewry\|jews aim at world dominion]]<ref name="Herald" /><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/February1-1991.htm \|title=Bishop Williamson's Letters \|last=Williamson \|first=Richard \|date=1 February 1991 \|publisher=[[SSPX]] {{!}} District of Canada \|location=[[St. Césaire]], QC \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206120508/http://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/February1-1991.htm \|archive-date=6 February 2009 \|url-status=dead \|access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>

	==Quotes==		==Quotes==
	{{quote\|''I believe that the historical evidence is strongly against, is hugely against six million ~~Jews~~ having been deliberately gassed in gas chambers as a deliberate policy of Adolf Hitler.''\|Bishop Richard N. Williamson, SVT Interview, 2008}}		{{quote\|''I believe that the historical evidence is strongly against, is hugely against six million jews having been deliberately gassed in gas chambers as a deliberate policy of Adolf Hitler.''\|Bishop Richard N. Williamson, SVT Interview, 2008}}

	==See also==		==See also==

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	[[File:Bischof Richard Williamson 1.jpg\|thumb\|220px\|Richard Williamson]]		[[File:Bischof Richard Williamson 1.jpg\|thumb\|220px\|Richard Williamson]]
	'''Richard Nelson Williamson''' (born 8 March 1940) is an English traditionalist bishop, formerly in communion with the [[Catholic Church]], who opposes the changes in the Church brought about by the [[Second Vatican Council]]. He was originally a member of the [[Society of Saint Pius X]] (SSPX). He was subsequently excommunicated; this was lifted in 2009, but Williamson was convicted in German courts of so-called [[~~Holocaust~~ denial]], and the excommunication was reimposed by the Pope. Due to other actions, Williamson was expelled from the society in 2012 and once again excommunicated in 2015.		'''Richard Nelson Williamson''' (born 8 March 1940) is an English traditionalist bishop, formerly in communion with the [[Catholic Church]], who opposes the changes in the Church brought about by the [[Second Vatican Council]]. He was originally a member of the [[Society of Saint Pius X]] (SSPX). He was subsequently excommunicated; this was lifted in 2009, but Williamson was convicted in German courts of so-called [[Holohoax denial]], and the excommunication was reimposed by the Pope. Due to other actions, Williamson was expelled from the society in 2012 and once again excommunicated in 2015.

	==Life==		==Life==
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	===Interview with Swedish Television===		===Interview with Swedish Television===
	Williamson voiced his views on the [[~~Holocaust~~]] in an interview with Swedish Television recorded in [[Germany]] in November 2008 and broadcast on the evening of 21 January 2009, the day on which the excommunication was lifted. The interview was given wide publicity around the world.		Williamson voiced his views on the [[Holohoax]] in an interview with Swedish Television recorded in [[Germany]] in November 2008 and broadcast on the evening of 21 January 2009, the day on which the excommunication was lifted. The interview was given wide publicity around the world.

	Williamson's superior in the SSPX, Bishop [[Bernard Fellay]], initially stated that Williamson was responsible for his own personal comments and that the affair did not concern the SSPX as a whole.<ref>[http://www.remnantnewspaper.com/Archives/2009-0123-bishop_fellay.htm The Remnant]</ref> Bishop Fellay subsequently forbade Williamson from speaking out publicly about historical or political matters, and asked Pope Benedict for forgiveness for Williamson's remarks.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090131231054/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gpbkisgs-EZ40shoCodJd4rfBNwAD95VL3VG0 Forgiveness sought for ~~Holocaust~~-denying bishop]</ref> Williamson himself sent the Pope a letter expressing his regret about the problems that he had caused, but did not retract his statements.<ref>[http://dinoscopus.blogspot.com/2009/01/letter.html Dinoscopos]</ref><ref>[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=14946 Bishop Williamson apologizes for 'imprudent' ~~Holocaust~~ remarks]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/20090212164516/news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090130/ap_on_re_eu/eu_vatican_jews Bishop who denied ~~Holocaust~~ apologizes to pope], ''AP''.</ref>		Williamson's superior in the SSPX, Bishop [[Bernard Fellay]], initially stated that Williamson was responsible for his own personal comments and that the affair did not concern the SSPX as a whole.<ref>[http://www.remnantnewspaper.com/Archives/2009-0123-bishop_fellay.htm The Remnant]</ref> Bishop Fellay subsequently forbade Williamson from speaking out publicly about historical or political matters, and asked Pope Benedict for forgiveness for Williamson's remarks.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090131231054/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gpbkisgs-EZ40shoCodJd4rfBNwAD95VL3VG0 Forgiveness sought for Holohoax-denying bishop]</ref> Williamson himself sent the Pope a letter expressing his regret about the problems that he had caused, but did not retract his statements.<ref>[http://dinoscopus.blogspot.com/2009/01/letter.html Dinoscopos]</ref><ref>[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=14946 Bishop Williamson apologizes for 'imprudent' Holohoax remarks]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/20090212164516/news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090130/ap_on_re_eu/eu_vatican_jews Bishop who denied Holohoax apologizes to pope], ''AP''.</ref>

	[[Abraham Foxman]], president of the American [[Anti-Defamation League]], wrote to Cardinal [[Walter Kasper]] in order to express his opposition to any eventual re-integration of Williamson into the Church.<ref>[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/VaticanJewish_96/5450_96.htm ADL To Vatican: Do Not Rehabilitate ~~Holocaust~~ Denier Bishop]</ref> The Chief Rabbinate of Israel suspended contacts with the Vatican. The Chief Rabbi of Haifa told ''The Jerusalem Post'' that he expected Williamson to retract publicly his statements before any dialogue could resume.		[[Abraham Foxman]], president of the American [[Anti-Defamation League]], wrote to Cardinal [[Walter Kasper]] in order to express his opposition to any eventual re-integration of Williamson into the Church.<ref>[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/VaticanJewish_96/5450_96.htm ADL To Vatican: Do Not Rehabilitate Holohoax Denier Bishop]</ref> The Chief Rabbinate of Israel suspended contacts with the Vatican. The Chief Rabbi of Haifa told ''The Jerusalem Post'' that he expected Williamson to retract publicly his statements before any dialogue could resume.

	In Germany, where the interview was conducted, so-called [[~~Holocaust~~ denial]] is illegal and punishable by imprisonment of up to five years.		In Germany, where the interview was conducted, so-called [[Holohoax denial]] is illegal and punishable by imprisonment of up to five years.

	===Criminal conviction in Germany===		===Criminal conviction in Germany===
	On 4 February 2009, German prosecutors announced the launch of a criminal investigation into the statements.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html \|title=Vatican: Bishop must recant ~~Holocaust~~ denial \|last1=Messia \|first1=Hada \|last2=Vinci \|first2=Alessio \|last3=Pleitgen \|first3=Frederik \|publisher=[[CNN]] \|date=4 February 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231424/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html \|archive-date=4 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref> In October 2009, a German court, using an "order of punishment" fined Williamson €12,000 after finding him guilty of ~~Holocaust~~ denial.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/26/british-bishop-holocaust-fine \|title=German court fines British bishop for ~~Holocaust~~ claims \|work= [[The Guardian]] \|access-date=3 January 2010\|date=26 October 2009 \|author=Pidd, Heidi \| location=London}}</ref> Williamson denied the charges and appealed, paving the way for a full hearing that Williamson need not attend.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html \|title=British bishop 'to go on trial' in Germany over racial hatred {{!}} Richard Williamson, a British bishop who denied the ~~Holocaust~~ took place, has been summoned to appear in a German court for inciting racial hatred \|work=[[Daily Telegraph]] \|access-date=3 January 2010 \|date=10 November 2009 \|location=London \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044014/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref> He did not attend the trial, on orders from his society, on charges of inciting racial hatred in Regensburg, [[Germany]] on 16 April 2010, and was found guilty. The court reduced the fine to {{€\|10,000}}.<ref>{{cite web \|title=British bishop convicted of ~~Holocaust~~ denial: German court fines cleric $13,000 for saying Jews were not gassed to death \|date=16 April 2010 \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/#.XF8n7VxKiDI \|work=[[NBC News]] \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125651/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/ \|archive-date=22 January 2018 \|url-status=live}}</ref> The fine was appealed by lawyers from both sides. His appeal was held on 11 July 2011. At appeal the lower court's decision was upheld but the fine was reduced to €6,500, reportedly due to Williamson's financial circumstances.<ref>{{cite news \|title=German court fines bishop for denying ~~Holocaust~~ \|date=11 July 2011 \|publisher=[[Reuters]] \|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044350/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/07/11/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|last=Elgot \|first=Jessica \|title=~~Holocaust~~ denier Bishop Richard Williamson loses appeal \|publisher=[[Jewish Chronicle]] \|date=11 July 2011 \|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/51490/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209131827/https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal-1.24957 \|archive-date=9 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 February 2012 the higher court dismissed this conviction, finding that the initial charges against Williamson had been inadequately drawn, having failed to specify the nature of his offence, or at what point his filmed comments came under German jurisdiction, or in what sense he could be held liable for failing to prevent their publication in Germany. On 16 January 2013, he was prosecuted and condemned again, but this time with a much reduced fine of €1,600, because of his "unemployed state". He refused to pay the fine and appealed again,<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://stmarcelinitiative.com/fourthtrial/ \|title=Fourth Trial \|last=Williamson \|first=Richard \|work=Eleison Comments \|issue=291 \|date=9 February 2013 \|publisher=St. [[Marcel Lefebvre\|Marcel]] Initiative \|location=[[St. Louis, MO]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103011828/http://eleisonkommentar.blogspot.ie/2013/02/ec-291-vierter-proze.html \|archive-date=3 November 2014 \|url-status=live \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|language=de,en}}</ref> but his appeal was dismissed.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.expatica.com/uk/german-court-quashes-appeal-by-holocaust-denying-bishop/ \|title=German court quashes appeal by ~~Holocaust~~-denying bishop \|date=23 September 2013 \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926110745/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130923/german-court-quashes-appeal-holocaust-denying-bishop \|archive-date=26 September 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 January 2019 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled against Williams' attempt to overturn a conviction for ~~Holocaust~~ denial on the grounds of free speech.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article \|title=Strasbourg throws out Briton's ~~Holocaust~~ denial free speech claim \|first=Michael \|last=Cross \|date=1 February 2019 \|work=[[Law Society Gazette]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174528/https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article \|archive-date=4 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 \|title=Twice-excommunicated bishop loses appeal of hate speech conviction \|publisher=[[Catholic News Agency]] \|date=1 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015036/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 \|archive-date=7 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref>		On 4 February 2009, German prosecutors announced the launch of a criminal investigation into the statements.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html \|title=Vatican: Bishop must recant Holohoax denial \|last1=Messia \|first1=Hada \|last2=Vinci \|first2=Alessio \|last3=Pleitgen \|first3=Frederik \|publisher=[[CNN]] \|date=4 February 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231424/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html \|archive-date=4 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref> In October 2009, a German court, using an "order of punishment" fined Williamson €12,000 after finding him guilty of Holohoax denial.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/26/british-bishop-holocaust-fine \|title=German court fines British bishop for Holohoax claims \|work= [[The Guardian]] \|access-date=3 January 2010\|date=26 October 2009 \|author=Pidd, Heidi \| location=London}}</ref> Williamson denied the charges and appealed, paving the way for a full hearing that Williamson need not attend.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html \|title=British bishop 'to go on trial' in Germany over racial hatred {{!}} Richard Williamson, a British bishop who denied the Holohoax took place, has been summoned to appear in a German court for inciting racial hatred \|work=[[Daily Telegraph]] \|access-date=3 January 2010 \|date=10 November 2009 \|location=London \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044014/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref> He did not attend the trial, on orders from his society, on charges of inciting racial hatred in Regensburg, [[Germany]] on 16 April 2010, and was found guilty. The court reduced the fine to {{€\|10,000}}.<ref>{{cite web \|title=British bishop convicted of Holohoax denial: German court fines cleric $13,000 for saying Jews were not gassed to death \|date=16 April 2010 \|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/#.XF8n7VxKiDI \|work=[[NBC News]] \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125651/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/ \|archive-date=22 January 2018 \|url-status=live}}</ref> The fine was appealed by lawyers from both sides. His appeal was held on 11 July 2011. At appeal the lower court's decision was upheld but the fine was reduced to €6,500, reportedly due to Williamson's financial circumstances.<ref>{{cite news \|title=German court fines bishop for denying Holohoax \|date=11 July 2011 \|publisher=[[Reuters]] \|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044350/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/07/11/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 \|archive-date=5 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|last=Elgot \|first=Jessica \|title=Holohoax denier Bishop Richard Williamson loses appeal \|publisher=[[Jewish Chronicle]] \|date=11 July 2011 \|url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/51490/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209131827/https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal-1.24957 \|archive-date=9 February 2019 \|url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 February 2012 the higher court dismissed this conviction, finding that the initial charges against Williamson had been inadequately drawn, having failed to specify the nature of his offence, or at what point his filmed comments came under German jurisdiction, or in what sense he could be held liable for failing to prevent their publication in Germany. On 16 January 2013, he was prosecuted and condemned again, but this time with a much reduced fine of €1,600, because of his "unemployed state". He refused to pay the fine and appealed again,<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://stmarcelinitiative.com/fourthtrial/ \|title=Fourth Trial \|last=Williamson \|first=Richard \|work=Eleison Comments \|issue=291 \|date=9 February 2013 \|publisher=St. [[Marcel Lefebvre\|Marcel]] Initiative \|location=[[St. Louis, MO]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103011828/http://eleisonkommentar.blogspot.ie/2013/02/ec-291-vierter-proze.html \|archive-date=3 November 2014 \|url-status=live \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|language=de,en}}</ref> but his appeal was dismissed.<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.expatica.com/uk/german-court-quashes-appeal-by-holocaust-denying-bishop/ \|title=German court quashes appeal by Holohoax-denying bishop \|date=23 September 2013 \|access-date=9 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926110745/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130923/german-court-quashes-appeal-holocaust-denying-bishop \|archive-date=26 September 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 January 2019 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled against Williams' attempt to overturn a conviction for Holohoax denial on the grounds of free speech.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article \|title=Strasbourg throws out Briton's Holohoax denial free speech claim \|first=Michael \|last=Cross \|date=1 February 2019 \|work=[[Law Society Gazette]] \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174528/https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article \|archive-date=4 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 \|title=Twice-excommunicated bishop loses appeal of hate speech conviction \|publisher=[[Catholic News Agency]] \|date=1 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015036/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 \|archive-date=7 February 2019 \|url-status=live \|access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref>

	==Views==		==Views==
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	==See also==		==See also==
	*[[~~Holocaustianity~~]]		*[[Holohoaxianity]]
	*[[The Catholic Church and the ~~Holocaust~~]]		*[[The Catholic Church and the Holohoax]]

	==External links==		==External links==
	*[https://codoh.com/library/document/3307/?lang=en Bishop Williamson Vindicated, then Ousted]		*[https://codoh.com/library/document/3307/?lang=en Bishop Williamson Vindicated, then Ousted]
	*[https://codoh.com/library/document/95/?lang=en The Case of Bishop Williamson]		*[https://codoh.com/library/document/95/?lang=en The Case of Bishop Williamson]
	*[https://codoh.com/library/document/1899/?lang=en Christianity and the ~~Holocaust~~ Ideology, Reflections on the Bishop Williamson Affair]		*[https://codoh.com/library/document/1899/?lang=en Christianity and the Holohoax Ideology, Reflections on the Bishop Williamson Affair]

	==References==		==References==
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[[File:Bischof Richard Williamson 1.jpg|thumb|220px|Richard Williamson]]
'''Richard Nelson Williamson''' (born 8 March 1940) is an English traditionalist bishop, formerly in communion with the [[Catholic Church]], who opposes the changes in the Church brought about by the [[Second Vatican Council]]. He was originally a member of the [[Society of Saint Pius X]] (SSPX). He was subsequently excommunicated; this was lifted in 2009, but Williamson was convicted in German courts of so-called [[Holocaust denial]], and the excommunication was reimposed by the Pope. Due to other actions, Williamson was expelled from the society in 2012 and once again excommunicated in 2015.

==Life==
===Early life===
Williamson was born in [[United Kingdom|England]], the second of three boys to [[Church of England|Anglican]] parents. He attended Winchester College.<ref name ="Herald">{{cite news | title = Lefebvrists face crisis as bishop is exposed as 'dangerous' anti-Semite| Last= Arco | First -Anna| work = The Catholic Herald | language = English | publisher = Catholic Herald Limited | date = 3/5/2008 | url = http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/articles/a0000226.shtml | accessdate = 2008-06-24 }}</ref> Williamson attended Winchester College before going on to study at Clare College, Cambridge, where he received a degree in English literature. Upon graduating, he taught at a college in Ghana for a brief period.

Williamson, originally an Anglican, was received into the Catholic Church in 1971. After a few months as a postulant at the Brompton Oratory, he left. He became a member of the [[Society of Saint Pius X]], a traditionalist Catholic faction founded in 1970 by Archbishop [[Marcel Lefebvre]] in protest against what Lefebvre saw as the liberalism of the Second Vatican Council. He entered the International Seminary of Saint Pius X at Écône, Switzerland, and in 1976 he was ordained a priest by Lefebvre.

Williamson subsequently moved to the [[United States]], where he served as the rector of St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in Ridgefield, Connecticut from 1983, and continued in the position when the seminary moved to Winona, Minnesota in 1988.

He is fluent in English, French, German and Spanish.

===Consecration and excommunication===
In June 1988 Archbishop [[Marcel Lefebvre]] announced his intention to consecrate Williamson and three other priests as bishops. Lefebvre did not have a pontifical mandate for these consecrations (i.e. permission from the [[pope]]), normally required by Canon 1382 of the Code of Canon Law. On 17 June 1988 Cardinal [[Bernardin Gantin]], prefect of the Congregation for Bishops sent the four priests a formal canonical warning that they would automatically incur the penalty of [[excommunication]] if they were to be consecrated by Lefebvre without papal permission.

On 30 June 1988 Williamson and the three other priests were consecrated bishop by Archbishop Lefebvre and [[Antônio de Castro Mayer]]. On 1 July 1988 Cardinal Gantin issued a declaration stating that Lefebvre, de Castro Mayer, Williamson, and the three other newly ordained bishops "have incurred ''ipso facto'' the excommunication ''latae sententiae'' reserved to the [[Apostolic See]]".

On 2 July 1988, [[Pope John Paul II]] issued the ''motu proprio'' ''Ecclesia Dei'', in which he reaffirmed the excommunication, and described the consecration as an act of "disobedience to the [[Roman pontiff]] in a very grave matter and of supreme importance for the unity of the Church", and that "such disobedience – which implies in practice the rejection of the [[Primacy of the Roman Pontiff|Roman primacy]] — constitutes a schismatic act".<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei_en.html Apostolic letter ''Ecclesia Dei''] (2 July 1988). Vatican.va. Accessed 18 May 2017.</ref>
Cardinal [[Darío Castrillón Hoyos]], head of the commission responsible for implementing ''Ecclesia Dei'', has said this resulted in a "situation of separation, even if it was not a formal schism."<ref>[http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo_stampa.asp?id=9360 Interview for ''30 days''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213203514/http://www.30giorni.it/us/articolo_stampa.asp?id=9360 |date=13 February 2006 }} (2005). ''30giorni''. Retrieved 18 May 2017.</ref>

The SSPX denied the validity of the excommunications, saying that the consecrations were necessary due to a moral and theological crisis in the Catholic Church, making them permissible under canon law.<ref>[http://www.sspx.org/SSPX_FAQs/q11_abexcommunicated.htm SSPX FAQ Question 11] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412031202/http://www.sspx.org/SSPX_FAQs/q11_abexcommunicated.htm |date=12 April 2011 }} (29 June 1987). SSPX.org. Retrieved 18 May 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.sspx.org/1988%20Consecration%20articles/1988_consecrations_theological_I.htm The 1988 consecrations: a theological study] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807125504/http://www.sspx.org/1988%20Consecration%20articles/1988_consecrations_theological_I.htm |date=7 August 2011 }} (July & September 1999). ''Sì sì no no'' via SSPX.org. Retrieved 18 May 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.sspx.org/1988%20Consecration%20articles/1988_consecrations_canonical_I.htm The 1988 consecrations: a canonical study] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807125532/http://www.sspx.org/1988%20Consecration%20articles/1988_consecrations_canonical_I.htm |date=7 August 2011 }} (November 1999). ''Sì sì no no'' via SSPX.org. Retrieved 18 May 2017.</ref>

In 2003 Williamson was appointed rector of the Seminary of [[Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic)|Our Lady Co-Redemptrix]] in La Reja, [[Argentina]].

===Lifting of the excommunication===
By a decree of 21 January 2009, which was issued in response to a renewed request that Bishop Fellay made on behalf of all four bishops whom Lefebvre had consecrated on 30 June 1988, the Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, by the power granted to him by Pope Benedict XVI, remitted the excommunication that they had thereby incurred, and expressed the hope "that this step will be followed by the prompt attainment of full communion with the Church by the entire Fraternity of St. Pius X, thus demonstrating true faithfulness and true recognition of the magisterium and authority of Pope with the sign of visible unity".<ref>[http://www.zenit.org/rssenglish-24927 Text of Decree lifting the excommunication]</ref> The decree was made public on 24 January 2009.

===Interview with Swedish Television===
Williamson voiced his views on the [[Holocaust]] in an interview with Swedish Television recorded in [[Germany]] in November 2008 and broadcast on the evening of 21 January 2009, the day on which the excommunication was lifted. The interview was given wide publicity around the world.

Williamson's superior in the SSPX, Bishop [[Bernard Fellay]], initially stated that Williamson was responsible for his own personal comments and that the affair did not concern the SSPX as a whole.<ref>[http://www.remnantnewspaper.com/Archives/2009-0123-bishop_fellay.htm The Remnant]</ref> Bishop Fellay subsequently forbade Williamson from speaking out publicly about historical or political matters, and asked Pope Benedict for forgiveness for Williamson's remarks.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090131231054/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gpbkisgs-EZ40shoCodJd4rfBNwAD95VL3VG0 Forgiveness sought for Holocaust-denying bishop]</ref> Williamson himself sent the Pope a letter expressing his regret about the problems that he had caused, but did not retract his statements.<ref>[http://dinoscopus.blogspot.com/2009/01/letter.html Dinoscopos]</ref><ref>[http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=14946 Bishop Williamson apologizes for 'imprudent' Holocaust remarks]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/20090212164516/news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090130/ap_on_re_eu/eu_vatican_jews Bishop who denied Holocaust apologizes to pope], ''AP''.</ref>

[[Abraham Foxman]], president of the American [[Anti-Defamation League]], wrote to Cardinal [[Walter Kasper]] in order to express his opposition to any eventual re-integration of Williamson into the Church.<ref>[http://www.adl.org/PresRele/VaticanJewish_96/5450_96.htm ADL To Vatican: Do Not Rehabilitate Holocaust Denier Bishop]</ref> The Chief Rabbinate of Israel suspended contacts with the Vatican. The Chief Rabbi of Haifa told ''The Jerusalem Post'' that he expected Williamson to retract publicly his statements before any dialogue could resume.

In Germany, where the interview was conducted, so-called [[Holocaust denial]] is illegal and punishable by imprisonment of up to five years.

===Criminal conviction in Germany===
On 4 February 2009, German prosecutors announced the launch of a criminal investigation into the statements.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html |title=Vatican: Bishop must recant Holocaust denial |last1=Messia |first1=Hada |last2=Vinci |first2=Alessio |last3=Pleitgen |first3=Frederik |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=4 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204231424/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/02/04/germany.bishop/index.html |archive-date=4 February 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref> In October 2009, a German court, using an "order of punishment" fined Williamson €12,000 after finding him guilty of Holocaust denial.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/26/british-bishop-holocaust-fine |title=German court fines British bishop for Holocaust claims |work= [[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 January 2010|date=26 October 2009 |author=Pidd, Heidi | location=London}}</ref> Williamson denied the charges and appealed, paving the way for a full hearing that Williamson need not attend.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html |title=British bishop 'to go on trial' in Germany over racial hatred {{!}} Richard Williamson, a British bishop who denied the Holocaust took place, has been summoned to appear in a German court for inciting racial hatred |work=[[Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=3 January 2010 |date=10 November 2009 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044014/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6539567/British-bishop-to-go-on-trial-in-Germany-over-racial-hatred.html |archive-date=5 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> He did not attend the trial, on orders from his society, on charges of inciting racial hatred in Regensburg, [[Germany]] on 16 April 2010, and was found guilty. The court reduced the fine to {{€|10,000}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=British bishop convicted of Holocaust denial: German court fines cleric $13,000 for saying Jews were not gassed to death |date=16 April 2010 |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/#.XF8n7VxKiDI |work=[[NBC News]] |access-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125651/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36595788/ns/world_news-europe/t/british-bishop-convicted-holocaust-denial/ |archive-date=22 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The fine was appealed by lawyers from both sides. His appeal was held on 11 July 2011. At appeal the lower court's decision was upheld but the fine was reduced to €6,500, reportedly due to Williamson's financial circumstances.<ref>{{cite news |title=German court fines bishop for denying Holocaust |date=11 July 2011 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044350/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/07/11/uk-germany-trial-holocaust-idUKTRE76A3T420110711 |archive-date=5 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |title=Holocaust denier Bishop Richard Williamson loses appeal |publisher=[[Jewish Chronicle]] |date=11 July 2011 |url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/51490/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal |access-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209131827/https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/holocaust-denier-bishop-richard-williamson-loses-appeal-1.24957 |archive-date=9 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 22 February 2012 the higher court dismissed this conviction, finding that the initial charges against Williamson had been inadequately drawn, having failed to specify the nature of his offence, or at what point his filmed comments came under German jurisdiction, or in what sense he could be held liable for failing to prevent their publication in Germany. On 16 January 2013, he was prosecuted and condemned again, but this time with a much reduced fine of €1,600, because of his "unemployed state". He refused to pay the fine and appealed again,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://stmarcelinitiative.com/fourthtrial/ |title=Fourth Trial |last=Williamson |first=Richard |work=Eleison Comments |issue=291 |date=9 February 2013 |publisher=St. [[Marcel Lefebvre|Marcel]] Initiative |location=[[St. Louis, MO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103011828/http://eleisonkommentar.blogspot.ie/2013/02/ec-291-vierter-proze.html |archive-date=3 November 2014 |url-status=live |access-date=9 February 2019 |language=de,en}}</ref> but his appeal was dismissed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.expatica.com/uk/german-court-quashes-appeal-by-holocaust-denying-bishop/ |title=German court quashes appeal by Holocaust-denying bishop |date=23 September 2013 |access-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926110745/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130923/german-court-quashes-appeal-holocaust-denying-bishop |archive-date=26 September 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 January 2019 the [[European Court of Human Rights]] ruled against Williams' attempt to overturn a conviction for Holocaust denial on the grounds of free speech.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article |title=Strasbourg throws out Briton's Holocaust denial free speech claim |first=Michael |last=Cross |date=1 February 2019 |work=[[Law Society Gazette]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204174528/https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/law/strasbourg-throws-out-britons-holocaust-denial-free-speech-claim/5069120.article |archive-date=4 February 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 |title=Twice-excommunicated bishop loses appeal of hate speech conviction |publisher=[[Catholic News Agency]] |date=1 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015036/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/twice-excommunicated-bishop-loses-appeal-of-hate-speech-conviction-37268 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2019}}</ref>

==Views==
In common the SSPX and with many other [[Traditionalist Catholic]]s, Williamson opposes the changes in the Catholic Church brought about by the [[Second Vatican Council]]. He sees such changes as being unacceptably [[liberalism|liberal]] and modernistic, and as being destructive to the Church.<ref name="Martin"/><ref name="Hanns">{{cite news|title=New Traditionalist Bishop Says Fight Just Beginning|last=Neuerbourg|first=Hanns|date=1 July 1988|publisher=The Associated Press|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Michael">{{cite news|title=Liberalism destroying church, bishop says|last=McAteer|first=Michael |date=3 April 1989|publisher=The Toronto Star|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref> Among the changes he opposes are the Church's [[ecumenism|increased openness]] to other Christian denominations and other religions,<ref name="Emma">{{cite news|title=Bishop attacks Rome 'poison';Bishop Richard Williamson|last=Wilkins|first=Emma|date=19 September 1988|publisher=The Times|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Martin"/> and changes in the forms of Catholic worship such as the general replacement of the [[Tridentine Mass]] with the [[Mass of Paul VI]]. Williamson has criticised [[Pope John Paul II]], to whom he attributed a "weak grasp of Catholicism", and also [[Pope Benedict XVI]], whom he considers a "[[Hegel|Hegelian philosopher]]" and a "[[Modernism|Neo-Modernist]]" theologian.<ref name="timesonline1">{{cite news|last=Owen| first=Richard|title=Pope woos conservatives expelled for rebellion|work=Times Online|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article862705.ece|date=2003-04-21|accessdate = 2008-07-29}}</ref> Williamson holds that the SSPX is not schismatic, but rather is composed of true Catholics who are keeping the "complete Roman Catholic apostolic faith".<ref name="Michael"/><ref name="Martin">{{cite news|title=US Seminary of front line in Catholic Doctrine Battle|last=Moylan|first=Martin J.|date=11 December 1988|publisher=The Dallas Morning News|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref><ref name="Hanns"/><ref name="Stowell">{{cite news|title=Ousted bishop says pope ruining church|last=Stowell|first=Linda|date=13 August 1988|publisher=Houston Chronicle|accessdate=2008-08-01}}</ref>

He has said that Jews and [[Freemason]]s have contributed to the "changes and corruption" in the Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://leofec.com/bishop-williamson/256.html |title=Bishops' Meeting With Cardinal Hoyos |last1=Williamson |first1=Richard |date=3 October 2000 |publisher=Leofec Network |access-date=12 February 2019 |quote=I do believe that behind the Cardinal, as I said last month, there are villains at work, either Judeo-masons or prelates working for Judeo-masonry, who are far more sinister than this Cardinal is. These villains, I do believe, are using front-men like the Cardinal for as long as he is useful to their Revolution. He is, in Lenin's phrase, "a useful idiot", who will be cast aside the moment he no longer serves their forward march to the One-World-Religion.}} — ''Quoted by:'' {{cite news |last=Allen Jr. |first=John L. |author-link=John L. Allen Jr. |date=30 March 2001 |title=Pope in talks with Lefevbre group |url=http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2001a/033001/033001e.htm |url-status=live |work=[[National Catholic Reporter]] |location=[[Kansas City, MO]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205044124/http://natcath.org/NCR_Online/archives2/2001a/033001/033001e.htm |archive-date=5 February 2019 |access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="ncronline">{{cite news |last=Fox |first=Thomas C. |date=6 January 2009 |title=Lefebvre movement: long, troubled history with Judaism |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/lefebvre-movement-long-troubled-history-judaism |url-status=live |work=National Catholic Reporter |location=Kansas City, MO |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716025222/https://www.ncronline.org/news/lefebvre-movement-long-troubled-history-judaism |archive-date=16 July 2018 |access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> He has also stated that [[International Jewry|Jews aim at world dominion]]<ref name="Herald" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/February1-1991.htm |title=Bishop Williamson's Letters |last=Williamson |first=Richard |date=1 February 1991 |publisher=[[SSPX]] {{!}} District of Canada |location=[[St. Césaire]], QC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206120508/http://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/February1-1991.htm |archive-date=6 February 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>

==Quotes==
{{quote|''I believe that the historical evidence is strongly against, is hugely against six million Jews having been deliberately gassed in gas chambers as a deliberate policy of Adolf Hitler.''|Bishop Richard N. Williamson, SVT Interview, 2008}}

==See also==
*[[Holocaustianity]]
*[[The Catholic Church and the Holocaust]]

==External links==
*[https://codoh.com/library/document/3307/?lang=en Bishop Williamson Vindicated, then Ousted]
*[https://codoh.com/library/document/95/?lang=en The Case of Bishop Williamson]
*[https://codoh.com/library/document/1899/?lang=en Christianity and the Holocaust Ideology, Reflections on the Bishop Williamson Affair]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Holocaust revisionists]]
[[Category:Catholic clergy]]
[[Category:Traditionalist Catholicism]]
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:English]]

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