Unification of Germany - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 15:41, 29 March 2024

2024-03-29T15:41:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:41, 29 March 2024
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	[[File:Karte des Großdeutschen Reiches 1943.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Greater German Reich, 1943]]		[[File:Karte des Großdeutschen Reiches 1943.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Greater German Reich, 1943]]
	[[File:Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Greater Germanic Reich]]		[[File:Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation.jpg\|thumb\|250px\|Greater Germanic Reich]]
	'''Unification''' or '''reunification of Germany''' may refer to these historical milestones:		'''Unification''' or '''reunification of [[Germany]]''' may refer to these historical milestones:

	* [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] with the democratic institution of the [[Reichstag]]		* [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] with the democratic institution of the [[Reichstag]]
	** This political entity, beginning with the coronation of [[Karl the Great]] with the captital in [[Aachen]], was the first unification of [[Germanic]] later German dominions in Western, Central, and Southern [[Germania]] and [[Europe]]. Around 900, East Francia's autonomous stem duchies (Franconia, Bavaria, Swabia, Saxony, and Lotharingia) had reemerged. The new corporate German Nation, instead of simply obeying the emperor, negotiated with him. The Holy Roman Empire eventually came to be composed of four kingdoms: [[Kingdom of Germany]] (part of the empire since 962), Kingdom of Italy (from 962 until 1801), Kingdom of Bohemia (from 1002 as the Duchy of Bohemia and raised to a kingdom in 1198), and Kingdom of Burgundy (from 1032 to 1378). The number of territories represented in the Imperial Diet was considerable, numbering about 300 at the time of the Peace of Westphalia. Many of these ''Kleinstaaten'' ("little states") covered no more than a few square miles, and/or included several non-contiguous pieces, so the Empire was often called a ''Flickenteppich'' ("patchwork carpet"). An entity was considered a Reichsstand (imperial estate) if, according to feudal law, it had no authority above it except the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] himself. German kings had been elected since the 9th century; at that point they were chosen by the leaders of the five most important tribes (the Salian Franks of Lorraine, Ripuarian Franks of [[Franconia]], Saxons, Bavarians, and Swabians). In the Holy Roman Empire, the main dukes and bishops of the kingdom elected the emperor. The first German Empire died out on 6 August 1806 with the laying down of the imperial crown (''Niederlegung der Reichskrone'') by Emperor Franz II during the [[Napoleonic Wars]].		** This [[political]] entity, beginning with the coronation of [[Karl the Great]] with the captital in [[Aachen]], was the first unification of [[Germanic]] later [[German]] dominions in Western, Central, and Southern [[Germania]] and [[Europe]]. Around 900, East Francia's autonomous stem duchies (Franconia, Bavaria, Swabia, Saxony, and Lotharingia) had reemerged. The new corporate German [[Nation]], instead of simply obeying the [[emperor]], negotiated with him. The Holy [[Roman]] [[Empire]] eventually came to be composed of four kingdoms: [[Kingdom of Germany]] (part of the empire since 962), Kingdom of [[Italy]] (from 962 until 1801), Kingdom of [[Bohemia]] (from 1002 as the Duchy of Bohemia and raised to a kingdom in 1198), and Kingdom of Burgundy (from 1032 to 1378). The number of territories represented in the Imperial Diet was considerable, numbering about 300 at the [[time]] of the [[Peace]] of Westphalia. Many of these ''Kleinstaaten'' ("little states") covered no more than a few square miles, and/or included several non-contiguous pieces, so the Empire was often called a ''Flickenteppich'' ("patchwork carpet"). An entity was considered a Reichsstand (imperial estate) if, according to feudal law, it had no authority above it except the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] himself. German kings had been elected since the 9th century; at that point they were chosen by the [[leaders]] of the five most important tribes (the Salian Franks of [[Lorraine]], Ripuarian Franks of [[Franconia]], Saxons, Bavarians, and Swabians). In the Holy [[Roman Empire]], the main dukes and bishops of the kingdom elected the emperor. The first German Empire died out on 6 August 1806 with the laying down of the imperial crown (''Niederlegung der Reichskrone'') by Emperor Franz II during the [[Napoleonic Wars]].

	* [[German Confederation]]		* [[German Confederation]]
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	* [[North German Confederation]] (1867–1870/71)		* [[North German Confederation]] (1867–1870/71)
	** After the Brothers War of 1866 and the demise of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Bund ''Norddeutscher Bund'']) was founded, but excluded [[Austria-Hungary]] (because the [[Austrian Emperor]] was not willing to give up [[Hungary]]) as well as Baden, [[Bayern]], [[Württemberg]] and Hessen-Darmstadt because of their resistance to Protestant Prussia and to the ''Bund'' with its liberal economic and social policies. With the November Treaties of 1870, the southern German states, except for Austria, subsequently joined the expanding North German Confederation. With the founding of the Reich and the entry into force of the new "Constitution of the German Confederation" on 1 January 1871 (with the new ''last minute'' members Baden, Hessen-Darmstadt, [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] and [[Kingdom of Württemberg]]), the federation became part of the German Empire. The constitution of the North German Confederation from 16 April 1867 with effect from 1 July 1867 was dissolved.		** After the Brothers War of 1866 and the demise of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Bund ''Norddeutscher Bund'']) was founded, but excluded [[Austria-Hungary]] (because the [[Austrian Emperor]] was not willing to give up [[Hungary]]) as well as Baden, [[Bayern]], [[Württemberg]] and Hessen-Darmstadt because of their resistance to Protestant Prussia and to the ''Bund'' with its [[liberal]] economic and [[social]] policies. With the November Treaties of 1870, the southern German states, except for Austria, subsequently joined the expanding North German Confederation. With the founding of the Reich and the entry into force of the new "[[Constitution]] of the German Confederation" on 1 January 1871 (with the new ''last minute'' members Baden, Hessen-Darmstadt, [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] and [[Kingdom of Württemberg]]), the federation became part of the German Empire. The constitution of the North German Confederation from 16 April 1867 with effect from 1 July 1867 was dissolved.

	* [[German Empire]] (1871–1918)		* [[German Empire]] (1871–1918)
	** During the [[Franco-German War]], the second German Empire ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Zweites_Reich ''Zweites Reich'']) was founded, when the German Princes (''Fürsten''), starting with Otto von Bismarck, followed by Großherzog Friedrich von Baden, proclaimed the [[King of Prussia]] Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Preußen as [[Wilhelm I, German Emperor\|Wilhelm I]] to [[German Emperor]] in the tradition of the [[Roman-German Emperors]]. The new German Empire included 26 political entities: twenty-five constituent states (or ''Bundesstaaten'') and one Imperial Territory ([[Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen]]). It realized the ''Kleindeutsche Lösung'' ("Lesser German Solution", with the exclusion of Austria) as opposed to a ''Großdeutsche Lösung'' or "Greater German Solution", which would have included Austria. [[Bismarck]]'s [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_German_Empire Constitution of the German Empire] was ratified on 16 April 1871 and became effective on 4 May 1871. It was repealed on 14 August 1919, the "Constitution of the German Reich" (so-called ''Weimar Constitution'') was ratified on 11 August 1919, becoming effective on 14 August 1919. The [[Treaty of Versailles]] allowed the crime of the dismemberment of Germany.		** During the [[Franco-German War]], the second German Empire ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Zweites_Reich ''Zweites Reich'']) was founded, when the German Princes (''Fürsten''), starting with Otto von Bismarck, followed by Großherzog Friedrich von Baden, proclaimed the [[King of Prussia]] Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Preußen as [[Wilhelm I, German Emperor\|Wilhelm I]] to [[German Emperor]] in the [[tradition]] of the [[Roman-German Emperors]]. The new German Empire included 26 political entities: twenty-five constituent states (or ''Bundesstaaten'') and one Imperial Territory ([[Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen]]). It realized the ''Kleindeutsche Lösung'' ("Lesser German Solution", with the exclusion of Austria) as opposed to a ''Großdeutsche Lösung'' or "Greater German Solution", which would have included Austria. [[Bismarck]]'s [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_German_Empire Constitution of the German Empire] was ratified on 16 April 1871 and became effective on 4 May 1871. It was repealed on 14 August 1919, the "Constitution of the German Reich" (so-called ''Weimar Constitution'') was ratified on 11 August 1919, becoming effective on 14 August 1919. The [[Treaty of Versailles]] allowed the crime of the [[dismemberment of Germany]].

	*Greater German Reich or Greater Germany (1938/1943–1945)		*Greater German Reich or Greater Germany (1938/1943–1945)
	** The contemporary official designation of the German national state for the period from 1871 to 1945 was ''Deutsches Reich''. It is still used today in political science for this period. In English language publications, the inofficial terms "[[National Socialist Germany]]" or even "Nazi Germany" (sometimes ''NS State'') are used. The correct term is ''Deutsches Reich'' and, as of 1943, Greater German Reich (''Großdeutsches Reich''), although this term had been used already since the unification of the Old Empire (''Altreich'') with [[Austria]] (''[[Anschluß]]'') in 1938 (but also including [[Sudetenland]], [[Memelland]] and the Free City of [[Danzig]]), including in the official ''Reichsgesetzblatt''. Although the [[Reichstag]] was known as the ''Großdeutscher Reichstag'', only in 1943 was the German Reich officially renamed to "Greater German Reich". The [[Tehran Conference]] in 1943 once again planned the dismemberment of Germany.		** The contemporary official designation of the German national state for the period from 1871 to 1945 was ''Deutsches Reich''. It is still used today in political [[science]] for this period. In English language publications, the inofficial terms "[[National Socialist Germany]]" or even "[[Nazi]] Germany" (sometimes ''NS State'') are used. The correct term is ''Deutsches Reich'' and, as of 1943, Greater German Reich (''Großdeutsches Reich''), although this term had been used already since the unification of the Old Empire (''Altreich'') with [[Austria]] (''[[Anschluß]]'') in 1938 (but also including [[Sudetenland]], [[Memelland]] and the Free City of [[Danzig]]), including in the official ''Reichsgesetzblatt''. Although the [[Reichstag]] was known as the ''Großdeutscher Reichstag'', only in 1943 was the German Reich officially renamed to "Greater German Reich". The [[Tehran Conference]] in 1943 once again planned the dismemberment of Germany.

	* Greater Germanic Reich (planned)		* Greater Germanic Reich (planned)
	** The Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation (''Großgermanisches Reich deutscher Nation''), was the official state name of the political entity that National Socialist Germany attempted to establish in [[Europe]] during [[World War II]]. German ideas for the reorganization of Germany and Europe after the ''Endsieg'' (Final Victory) was based on various, only partially systematized target projections (e.g. General Plan East or ''Generalplan Ost'') from state administration and the {{SS}} leadership sources.		** The Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation (''Großgermanisches Reich deutscher Nation''), was the official state [[name]] of the political entity that National [[Socialist]] Germany attempted to establish in [[Europe]] during [[World War II]]. German ideas for the reorganization of Germany and Europe after the ''Endsieg'' (Final Victory) was based on various, only partially systematized target projections (e.g. General Plan East or ''Generalplan Ost'') from state administration and the {{SS}} leadership sources.

	* [[German partial unification]]		* [[German partial unification]]
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	==External links==		==External links==
	===In German===		===In German===
	* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsidee ''Reichsidee''] (Imperial idea)		* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsidee ''Reichsidee''] (Imperial [[idea]])
	* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsherrlichkeit ''Reichsherrlichkeit''] (Imperial glory)		* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsherrlichkeit ''Reichsherrlichkeit''] (Imperial glory)
	* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Einheit ''Deutsche Einheit''] (German unity)		* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Einheit ''Deutsche Einheit''] (German unity)
	* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Freiheit ''Deutsche Freiheit''] (German ~~freedom)~~		* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Freiheit ''Deutsche Freiheit''] (German [[freedom]])
	[[~~Category:regions~~]]
	~~[[Category:history]]~~
	~~[[Category:European history]]~~

	[[de:Deutsche Einigung]]		[[de:Deutsche Einigung]]

			[[Category:History]]
			[[Category:Pages with broken file links]]
			[[Category:Events]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:04, 11 February 2024
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	[[Category:history]]		[[Category:history]]
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]
	~~[[Category:Pan-Germanism\| ]]~~
	[[de:Deutsche Einigung]]		[[de:Deutsche Einigung]]

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	* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Einheit ''Deutsche Einheit''] (German unity)		* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Einheit ''Deutsche Einheit''] (German unity)
	* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Freiheit ''Deutsche Freiheit''] (German freedom)		* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Freiheit ''Deutsche Freiheit''] (German freedom)
	[[Category:~~German~~ regions]]		[[Category:regions]]
	[[Category:~~German~~ history]]		[[Category:history]]
	[[Category:European history]]		[[Category:European history]]
	[[Category:Pan-Germanism\| ]]		[[Category:Pan-Germanism\| ]]
	[[de:Deutsche Einigung]]		[[de:Deutsche Einigung]]

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

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← Older revision	Revision as of 12:55, 6 February 2024
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en>Crusader at 20:05, 2 December 2023

2023-12-02T20:05:31Z

New page

[[File:HRR.gif|thumb|250px|The borders of [[Holy Roman Empire]] from 962 to 1806]]
[[File:Map of the German Dialects. Brockhaus (German encyclopedia), Leipzig 1908.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of the German Dialects, in: "Brockhaus" (encyclopedia), Leipzig 1908]]
[[File:Karte des Großdeutschen Reiches 1943.jpg|thumb|250px|Greater German Reich, 1943]]
[[File:Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation.jpg|thumb|250px|Greater Germanic Reich]]
'''Unification''' or '''reunification of Germany''' may refer to these historical milestones:

* [[Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation]] with the democratic institution of the [[Reichstag]]
** This political entity, beginning with the coronation of [[Karl the Great]] with the captital in [[Aachen]], was the first unification of [[Germanic]] later German dominions in Western, Central, and Southern [[Germania]] and [[Europe]]. Around 900, East Francia's autonomous stem duchies (Franconia, Bavaria, Swabia, Saxony, and Lotharingia) had reemerged. The new corporate German Nation, instead of simply obeying the emperor, negotiated with him. The Holy Roman Empire eventually came to be composed of four kingdoms: [[Kingdom of Germany]] (part of the empire since 962), Kingdom of Italy (from 962 until 1801), Kingdom of Bohemia (from 1002 as the Duchy of Bohemia and raised to a kingdom in 1198), and Kingdom of Burgundy (from 1032 to 1378). The number of territories represented in the Imperial Diet was considerable, numbering about 300 at the time of the Peace of Westphalia. Many of these ''Kleinstaaten'' ("little states") covered no more than a few square miles, and/or included several non-contiguous pieces, so the Empire was often called a ''Flickenteppich'' ("patchwork carpet"). An entity was considered a Reichsstand (imperial estate) if, according to feudal law, it had no authority above it except the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] himself. German kings had been elected since the 9th century; at that point they were chosen by the leaders of the five most important tribes (the Salian Franks of Lorraine, Ripuarian Franks of [[Franconia]], Saxons, Bavarians, and Swabians). In the Holy Roman Empire, the main dukes and bishops of the kingdom elected the emperor. The first German Empire died out on 6 August 1806 with the laying down of the imperial crown (''Niederlegung der Reichskrone'') by Emperor Franz II during the [[Napoleonic Wars]].

* [[German Confederation]]
** founded as a result of the great victories of the Coalition Wars in 1813 (War of the Sixth Coalition or [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Sechster_Koalitionskrieg ''Sechster Koalitionskrieg'']) and 1815 (War of the Seventh Coalition or [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Siebter_Koalitionskrieg ''Siebter Koalitionskrieg'']) during the German uprising ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Erhebung ''Deutsche Erhebung'']) as the reunification of vast parts of the lost HRE under the de facto control of the two predominant German powers [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and [[Empire of Austria]].

* [[North German Confederation]] (1867–1870/71)
** After the Brothers War of 1866 and the demise of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Norddeutscher_Bund ''Norddeutscher Bund'']) was founded, but excluded [[Austria-Hungary]] (because the [[Austrian Emperor]] was not willing to give up [[Hungary]]) as well as Baden, [[Bayern]], [[Württemberg]] and Hessen-Darmstadt because of their resistance to Protestant Prussia and to the ''Bund'' with its liberal economic and social policies. With the November Treaties of 1870, the southern German states, except for Austria, subsequently joined the expanding North German Confederation. With the founding of the Reich and the entry into force of the new "Constitution of the German Confederation" on 1 January 1871 (with the new ''last minute'' members Baden, Hessen-Darmstadt, [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] and [[Kingdom of Württemberg]]), the federation became part of the German Empire. The constitution of the North German Confederation from 16 April 1867 with effect from 1 July 1867 was dissolved.

* [[German Empire]] (1871–1918)
** During the [[Franco-German War]], the second German Empire ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Zweites_Reich ''Zweites Reich'']) was founded, when the German Princes (''Fürsten''), starting with Otto von Bismarck, followed by Großherzog Friedrich von Baden, proclaimed the [[King of Prussia]] Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Preußen as [[Wilhelm I, German Emperor|Wilhelm I]] to [[German Emperor]] in the tradition of the [[Roman-German Emperors]]. The new German Empire included 26 political entities: twenty-five constituent states (or ''Bundesstaaten'') and one Imperial Territory ([[Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen]]). It realized the ''Kleindeutsche Lösung'' ("Lesser German Solution", with the exclusion of Austria) as opposed to a ''Großdeutsche Lösung'' or "Greater German Solution", which would have included Austria. [[Bismarck]]'s [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_German_Empire Constitution of the German Empire] was ratified on 16 April 1871 and became effective on 4 May 1871. It was repealed on 14 August 1919, the "Constitution of the German Reich" (so-called ''Weimar Constitution'') was ratified on 11 August 1919, becoming effective on 14 August 1919. The [[Treaty of Versailles]] allowed the crime of the dismemberment of Germany.

*Greater German Reich or Greater Germany (1938/1943–1945)
** The contemporary official designation of the German national state for the period from 1871 to 1945 was ''Deutsches Reich''. It is still used today in political science for this period. In English language publications, the inofficial terms "[[National Socialist Germany]]" or even "Nazi Germany" (sometimes ''NS State'') are used. The correct term is ''Deutsches Reich'' and, as of 1943, Greater German Reich (''Großdeutsches Reich''), although this term had been used already since the unification of the Old Empire (''Altreich'') with [[Austria]] (''[[Anschluß]]'') in 1938 (but also including [[Sudetenland]], [[Memelland]] and the Free City of [[Danzig]]), including in the official ''Reichsgesetzblatt''. Although the [[Reichstag]] was known as the ''Großdeutscher Reichstag'', only in 1943 was the German Reich officially renamed to "Greater German Reich". The [[Tehran Conference]] in 1943 once again planned the dismemberment of Germany.

* Greater Germanic Reich (planned)
** The Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation (''Großgermanisches Reich deutscher Nation''), was the official state name of the political entity that National Socialist Germany attempted to establish in [[Europe]] during [[World War II]]. German ideas for the reorganization of Germany and Europe after the ''Endsieg'' (Final Victory) was based on various, only partially systematized target projections (e.g. General Plan East or ''Generalplan Ost'') from state administration and the {{SS}} leadership sources.

* [[German partial unification]]
** After the invasion of the German Reich by the allies in 1945 and the surrender of the [[Wehrmacht]] on [[8 May 1945]], [[Dismemberment of Germany|Germany was divided into occupied zones]]. The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Zone of Occupation included what would become the puppet state of [[German Democratic Republic|East Germany]] (not to be confused with [[Eastern Germany]]), as well as the provinces of [[Pomerania]], [[Upper Silesia]] and Lower [[Silesia]], [[West Prussia]], [[East Prussia]], and the [[Sudetenland]] (the later was forcibly reincorporated into the the new puppet state of [[Czechoslovakia]] as was [[Slovakia]]). [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Egerland Egerland] and so on). When the [[FRG]] and GDR reunited in 1990, the [[mainstream media]] propagated this as a reunification, but it was only a partial one, as long as vast parts of the former Reich are still occupied by foreign powers.

==External links==
===In German===
* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsidee ''Reichsidee''] (Imperial idea)
* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsherrlichkeit ''Reichsherrlichkeit''] (Imperial glory)
* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Einheit ''Deutsche Einheit''] (German unity)
* [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Freiheit ''Deutsche Freiheit''] (German freedom)
[[Category:German regions]]
[[Category:German history]]
[[Category:European history]]
[[Category:Pan-Germanism| ]]
[[de:Deutsche Einigung]]

Unification of Germany - Revision history

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹 at 15:41, 29 March 2024

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.*)German(.*)\]\]" to ""

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "Category:German " to "Category:"

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: 1 revision imported

en>Crusader at 20:05, 2 December 2023

𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗹: Text replacement - "\[\[Category(.)German(.)\]\]" to ""