Spiritualism
In philosophy, spiritualism is the notion, shared by a wide variety of systems of thought, that there is an immaterial reality that cannot be perceived by the senses.[1] This includes philosophies that postulate a personal God, the immortality of the soul, or the immortality of the intellect or will, as well as any systems of thought that assume a universal mind or cosmic forces lying beyond the reach of purely materialistic interpretations.[1] Generally, any philosophical position, be it dualism, monism, atheism, theism, pantheism, idealism or any other, is compatible with spiritualism as long as it allows for a reality beyond matter.[1][2] Theism is an example of a dualist spiritualist philosophy, while pantheism is an example of monist spiritualism.[2]
Notable spiritualist thinkers
- Aristotle[1]
- René Descartes[1]
- Giovanni Gentile[1]
- William Ernest Hocking[1]
- Louis Lavelle[1]
- René Le Senne[1]
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz[1]
- Pindar[1]
- Plato[1]