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Modern Antifa is a largely horizontally organized<ref>https://intelreform.org/update-on-antifa-military-training-and-what-is-a-horizontal-organization/ (https://archive.ph/rnl7w)</ref> Communist and Anarchist<ref>Fuller, Thomas; Feuer, Alan; Kovaleski, Serge F. (August 17, 2017). "'Antifa' Grows as Left-Wing Faction Set to, Literally, Fight the Far Right". ''The New York Times'' (<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20170906050854/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/us/antifa-left-wing-faction-Right-wing.html</nowiki>)</ref> collective of groups, individuals, institutions and projects. It is united by a common opposition to [[nationalism]] and common beliefs in [[Loxism]], [[Liberalism]] and [[Gender Ideology.]] | Modern Antifa is a largely horizontally organized<ref>https://intelreform.org/update-on-antifa-military-training-and-what-is-a-horizontal-organization/ (https://archive.ph/rnl7w)</ref> Communist and Anarchist<ref>Fuller, Thomas; Feuer, Alan; Kovaleski, Serge F. (August 17, 2017). "'Antifa' Grows as Left-Wing Faction Set to, Literally, Fight the Far Right". ''The New York Times'' (<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20170906050854/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/us/antifa-left-wing-faction-Right-wing.html</nowiki>)</ref> collective of groups, individuals, institutions and projects. It is united by a common opposition to [[nationalism]] and common beliefs in [[Loxism]], [[Liberalism]] and [[Gender Ideology.]] | ||
==Composition== | |||
It is largely composed of White men, within the late-20s age range and with above-average income for their demographics<ref>https://www.quora.com/What-data-exists-on-the-demographic-characteristics-of-Antifa-activists-and-how-reliable-is-it (BETTER SOURCE NEEDED)</ref><ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17467586.2021.1951996?journalCode=rdac20</ref>. These demographics are largely similar to those of the Black Lives Matter terrorist movement<ref>https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-report-reveals-demographics-of-black-lives-matter-protesters-shows-vast-majority-are-white-marched-within-their-own-cities-301079234.html</ref>. | It is largely composed of White men, within the late-20s age range and with above-average income for their demographics<ref>https://www.quora.com/What-data-exists-on-the-demographic-characteristics-of-Antifa-activists-and-how-reliable-is-it (BETTER SOURCE NEEDED)</ref><ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17467586.2021.1951996?journalCode=rdac20</ref>. These demographics are largely similar to those of the Black Lives Matter terrorist movement<ref>https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-report-reveals-demographics-of-black-lives-matter-protesters-shows-vast-majority-are-white-marched-within-their-own-cities-301079234.html</ref>. | ||
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{{Rquote|left|The Socialists ask what is our program? Our program is to smash the heads of the Socialists. [...] We do not argue with those who disagree with us, we destroy them!|Benito Mussolini <ref>Article in Popolo d'Italia, quoted in "A History of Terrorism" (2001) by Walter Laqueur, page 71 and The Lazio Speeches (1936), as quoted in The Book of Italian Wisdom by Antonio Santi, Citadel Press, 2003, page 88.</ref> | {{Rquote|left|The Socialists ask what is our program? Our program is to smash the heads of the Socialists. [...] We do not argue with those who disagree with us, we destroy them!|Benito Mussolini <ref>Article in Popolo d'Italia, quoted in "A History of Terrorism" (2001) by Walter Laqueur, page 71 and The Lazio Speeches (1936), as quoted in The Book of Italian Wisdom by Antonio Santi, Citadel Press, 2003, page 88.</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Legality == | == Legality == | ||
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[[Patriot Front]], within the U.S., together with [[NSC 131]], are the major organizations in direct opposition to Antifa-affiliated groups. | [[Patriot Front]], within the U.S., together with [[NSC 131]], are the major organizations in direct opposition to Antifa-affiliated groups. | ||
== Known Anti-Fascist groups == | == Known Anti-Fascist groups == | ||
=== Europe === | === Europe === | ||
* [[Antifa Berlin]] | * [[Antifa Berlin]] | ||
*[[Antifa Paris|Paris-Antifa/Antifa Squads/Antifa Action Paris-Banlieue]] | *[[Antifa Paris|Paris-Antifa/Antifa Squads/Antifa Action Paris-Banlieue]] | ||
| Line 47: | Line 39: | ||
*[[Antifa United Kingdom|Unite Against Fascism]] | *[[Antifa United Kingdom|Unite Against Fascism]] | ||
*[[Antifa Sweden|Antifascistisk Aktion]] | *[[Antifa Sweden|Antifascistisk Aktion]] | ||
=== North America === | === North America === | ||
* [[Rose City Antifa]] | * [[Rose City Antifa]] | ||
* [[Atlanta Antifa]] | * [[Atlanta Antifa]] | ||
| Line 57: | Line 46: | ||
* [[CO springs antifa]]<ref>https://cospringsantifa.noblogs.org/</ref> | * [[CO springs antifa]]<ref>https://cospringsantifa.noblogs.org/</ref> | ||
* [[Texas Antifa]]<ref>https://texasantifa.noblogs.org/</ref> | * [[Texas Antifa]]<ref>https://texasantifa.noblogs.org/</ref> | ||
=== Asia === | === Asia === | ||
* [[Antifa Indonesia]] | * [[Antifa Indonesia]] | ||
=== Latin America === | === Latin America === | ||
* [[Antifa Sao Paulo|Ação Antifascista São Paulo]] | * [[Antifa Sao Paulo|Ação Antifascista São Paulo]] | ||
=== Oceania === | === Oceania === | ||
* [[Antifa Melbourne|Melbourne Antifascists]] | * [[Antifa Melbourne|Melbourne Antifascists]] | ||
*[[Antifa Wellington|Pōneke Anti-Fascist Action]] | *[[Antifa Wellington|Pōneke Anti-Fascist Action]] | ||
| Line 79: | Line 59: | ||
=== International/No National Affiliation/Other === | === International/No National Affiliation/Other === | ||
* [[Torch Antifa]] | * [[Torch Antifa]] | ||
* [[Antifa.News]] | * [[Antifa.News]] | ||
* [[Antifascist Culture|Antifascist Culture/ANTIFA Culture]]<br /> | * [[Antifascist Culture|Antifascist Culture/ANTIFA Culture]]<br /> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Groups]] | [[Category:Groups]] | ||
Revision as of 23:47, 28 January 2023
AntiFa (an Abbreviation for Anti Fascism) first formally formed in the 1922 to absorb pre-existing communist groups, which were running afoul of a surge in Fascist ideology which had risen to challenge them. This occurred in all major European nations. The various groups virtually all answered to Moscow, and played a major role in the Soviet subversion campaign. During the war, many of its membership formed such groups as The French underground and various "partisan" organization, whose leaders were trained communists[1]. Modern Antifa is a largely horizontally organized[2] Communist and Anarchist[3] collective of groups, individuals, institutions and projects. It is united by a common opposition to nationalism and common beliefs in Loxism, Liberalism and Gender Ideology.
Composition
It is largely composed of White men, within the late-20s age range and with above-average income for their demographics[4][5]. These demographics are largely similar to those of the Black Lives Matter terrorist movement[6].
History
The exact origin of Antifa is debatable; possible origins include:
- The formations of the Arditi del Popolo (Arditi of the People) in Italy, created in 1921 in opposition to Mussolini's Blackshirts. Though small in number, they often appeared as a model of what to do within Antifascist circles, both past and present[7].
- The KPD-backed Antifaschistische Aktion (Antifascist Action), formed in 1932 in Germany in opposition to the NSDAP[8].
- The Roter Frontkämpferbund (Alliance of Red Front Fighters), formed in 1924 in Germany, in opposition mainly to Monarchist and Reactionary elements[9].
- The Eiserne Front (Iron Front), formed in 1931 in Germany, in opposition to every perceived "enemy" of the SPD[10].
- The Proletarian Hundreds, a precursor of the Roter Frontkampferbund, formed around 1921 or 1923, with the purpose of defending the KPD.
- The Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (abbreviated to ADGB, General German Trade Union Federation), which, whilst being a trade union, fought against both Fascists and Reactionaries, especially in the early days of the Weimar Republic - it is famous for its opposition to the Kapp Putsch[11].
| “ | The Socialists ask what is our program? Our program is to smash the heads of the Socialists. [...] We do not argue with those who disagree with us, we destroy them! | ” |
—Benito Mussolini [12] | ||
Legality
Antifa is largely considered a terrorist threat, with the exception of areas in which they can be considered a majority (such as Portland).
For example, Professor of Criminology Gary LaFree concluded that "[Antifa] events share many characteristics of terrorist attacks", they are characterized by "violence or threat of violence".[13]
Opposition
An academic anti-Antifa organization is The William McKinley Institute, which has released several reports regarding Anti-White behavior, such as "The Torch Antifa Network" and "The Revolutionary Abolitionist Movement: an Aspiring Terrorist Organization".
Within Europe, the majority of the anti-Antifa activism is done by Soccer Ultras.
Patriot Front, within the U.S., together with NSC 131, are the major organizations in direct opposition to Antifa-affiliated groups.
Known Anti-Fascist groups
Europe
- Antifa Berlin
- Paris-Antifa/Antifa Squads/Antifa Action Paris-Banlieue
- London Antifascist Assembly
- Unite Against Fascism
- Antifascistisk Aktion
North America
Asia
Latin America
Oceania
International/No National Affiliation/Other
References
- ↑ Harsch, Donna (2009). The Iron Front: Weimar Social Democracy between Tradition and Modernity. Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990 (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 251–274. ISBN 978-1-57181-120-2. JSTOR j.ctt9qcp9v.
- ↑ https://intelreform.org/update-on-antifa-military-training-and-what-is-a-horizontal-organization/ (https://archive.ph/rnl7w)
- ↑ Fuller, Thomas; Feuer, Alan; Kovaleski, Serge F. (August 17, 2017). "'Antifa' Grows as Left-Wing Faction Set to, Literally, Fight the Far Right". The New York Times (https://web.archive.org/web/20170906050854/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/us/antifa-left-wing-faction-Right-wing.html)
- ↑ https://www.quora.com/What-data-exists-on-the-demographic-characteristics-of-Antifa-activists-and-how-reliable-is-it (BETTER SOURCE NEEDED)
- ↑ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17467586.2021.1951996?journalCode=rdac20
- ↑ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-report-reveals-demographics-of-black-lives-matter-protesters-shows-vast-majority-are-white-marched-within-their-own-cities-301079234.html
- ↑ Fabrizio Giulietti, Gli anarchici italiani dalla Grande Guerra al fascismo, pp. 170-171, Milano, 2015. [ITALIAN SOURCE]
- ↑ Dirk Schumann: Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918–1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War,
- ↑ Eve Rosenhaft (25 August 1983). Beating the Fascists: The German Communists and Political Violence 1929–1933 (page 4).
- ↑ Harsch, Donna (2009). The Iron Front: Weimar Social Democracy between Tradition and Modernity. Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990 (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 251–274. ISBN 978-1-57181-120-2. JSTOR j.ctt9qcp9v.
- ↑ Carl Legien obituary (PDF) The New York Times (December 27, 1920).
- ↑ Article in Popolo d'Italia, quoted in "A History of Terrorism" (2001) by Walter Laqueur, page 71 and The Lazio Speeches (1936), as quoted in The Book of Italian Wisdom by Antonio Santi, Citadel Press, 2003, page 88.
- ↑ LaFree, Gary (2018). "Is Antifa a Terrorist Group?". Society. 55 (3): 248–252. doi:10.1007/s12115-018-0246-x. S2CID 149530376.
- ↑ https://cospringsantifa.noblogs.org/
- ↑ https://texasantifa.noblogs.org/