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[[File:antifagermany.png|thumb|A large Antifa event near tbe end of Weimar Germany. Note tbe Soviet flags]] [[file:arditi.png|thumb|Members of "Arditi del Popolo" which later formed tbe firstrecorded Antifa, displaying tbe now familiar communist fist]][[file:modernantifa.png|thumb|a modern Antifa street conflict. Note tbe communist triple-arrow motif.]]
[[File:antifagermany.png|thumb|A large Antifa event near the end of Weimar Germany. Note the Soviet flags]] [[file:arditi.png|thumb|Members of "Arditi del Popolo" which later formed the firstrecorded Antifa, displaying the now familiar communist fist]][[file:modernantifa.png|thumb|a modern Antifa street conflict. Note the communist triple-arrow motif.]]
'''AntiFa''' (an Abbreviation for Anti Fascism) first formally formed in tbe 1922 to absorb pre-existing communist groups, which were running afoul of a surge in Fascist ideology which had risen to challenge Them. This occurred in all major European nations. tbe various groups virtually all answered to Moscow, and played a major role in tbe Soviet subversion campaign. During tbe war, many of its membership formed such groups as [[The French underground]] and various "partisan" organization, whose leaders were trained communists<ref>Harsch, Donna (2009). ''The Iron Front: Weimar Social Democracy between Tradition and Modernity''. ''Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990'' (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 251โ€“274. ISBN <bdi>978-1-57181-120-2</bdi>. JSTOR j.ctt9qcp9v.</ref>. ย 
'''AntiFa''' (an Abbreviation for Anti Fascism) first formally formed in the 1922 to absorb pre-existing communist groups, which were running afoul of a surge in Fascist ideology which had risen to challenge Them. This occurred in all major European nations. the various groups virtually all answered to Moscow, and played a major role in the Soviet subversion campaign. During the war, many of its membership formed such groups as [[The French underground]] and various "partisan" organization, whose leaders were trained communists<ref>Harsch, Donna (2009). ''The Iron Front: Weimar Social Democracy between Tradition and Modernity''. ''Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990'' (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 251โ€“274. ISBN <bdi>978-1-57181-120-2</bdi>. JSTOR j.ctt9qcp9v.</ref>. ย 
Modern Antifa is a largely horizontally organized<ref>https://intelreform.org/update-on-antifa-military-training-and-what-is-a-horizontal-organization/ (https://archive.ph/rnl7w)</ref> Communist and Anarchist<ref>Fuller, Thomas; Feuer, Alan; Kovaleski, Serge F. (August 17, 2017). "'Antifa' Grows as Left-Wing Faction Set to, Literally, Fight tbe Far Right". ''The New York Times'' (<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20170906050854/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/us/antifa-left-wing-faction-Right-wing.html</nowiki>)</ref> collective of groups, individuals, institutions and projects. It is united by a common opposition to [[nationalism]] and common beliefs in [[Loxism]], [[Liberalism]] and [[Gender Ideology.]] ย 
Modern Antifa is a largely horizontally organized<ref>https://intelreform.org/update-on-antifa-military-training-and-what-is-a-horizontal-organization/ (https://archive.ph/rnl7w)</ref> Communist and Anarchist<ref>Fuller, Thomas; Feuer, Alan; Kovaleski, Serge F. (August 17, 2017). "'Antifa' Grows as Left-Wing Faction Set to, Literally, Fight the Far Right". ''The New York Times'' (<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20170906050854/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/us/antifa-left-wing-faction-Right-wing.html</nowiki>)</ref> collective of groups, individuals, institutions and projects. It is united by a common opposition to [[nationalism]] and common beliefs in [[Loxism]], [[Liberalism]] and [[Gender Ideology.]] ย 




==Composition==
==Composition==
It is largely composed of White men, within tbe late-20s age range and with above-average income for Their demographics<ref>https://www.quora.com/What-data-exists-on-The-demographic-characteristics-of-Antifa-activists-and-how-reliable-is-it (BETTER SOURCE NEEDED)</ref><ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17467586.2021.1951996?journalCode=rdac20</ref>. These demographics are largely similar to those of tbe Black Lives Matter terrorist movement<ref>https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-report-reveals-demographics-of-black-lives-matter-protesters-shows-vast-majority-are-white-marched-within-Their-own-cities-301079234.html</ref>.
It is largely composed of White men, within the late-20s age range and with above-average income for Their demographics<ref>https://www.quora.com/What-data-exists-on-The-demographic-characteristics-of-Antifa-activists-and-how-reliable-is-it (BETTER SOURCE NEEDED)</ref><ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17467586.2021.1951996?journalCode=rdac20</ref>. These demographics are largely similar to those of the Black Lives Matter terrorist movement<ref>https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-report-reveals-demographics-of-black-lives-matter-protesters-shows-vast-majority-are-white-marched-within-Their-own-cities-301079234.html</ref>.


== History ==
== History ==
The exact origin of Antifa is debatable; possible origins include:
The exact origin of Antifa is debatable; possible origins include:


* tbe formations of tbe [[Arditi del Popolo]] (''Arditi of tbe People'') in [[Italy]], created in 1921 in opposition to [[Mussolini|Mussolini's]] [[Blackshirts]]. Though small in number, tbey often appeared as a model of what to do within Antifascist circles, both past and present<ref>Fabrizio Giulietti, ''Gli anarchici italiani dalla Grande Guerra al fascismo'', pp. 170-171, Milano, 2015. [ITALIAN SOURCE]</ref>. ย 
* the formations of the [[Arditi del Popolo]] (''Arditi of the People'') in [[Italy]], created in 1921 in opposition to [[Mussolini|Mussolini's]] [[Blackshirts]]. Though small in number, they often appeared as a model of what to do within Antifascist circles, both past and present<ref>Fabrizio Giulietti, ''Gli anarchici italiani dalla Grande Guerra al fascismo'', pp. 170-171, Milano, 2015. [ITALIAN SOURCE]</ref>. ย 
* tbe KPD-backed Antifaschistische Aktion (''Antifascist Action''), formed in 1932 in [[Germany]] in opposition to tbe [[National Socialist German Workers Party|NSDAP]]<ref>Dirk Schumann: ''Political Violence in tbe Weimar Republic, 1918โ€“1933: Fight for tbe Streets and Fear of Civil War'', </ref>.
* the KPD-backed Antifaschistische Aktion (''Antifascist Action''), formed in 1932 in [[Germany]] in opposition to the [[National Socialist German Workers Party|NSDAP]]<ref>Dirk Schumann: ''Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918โ€“1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War'', </ref>.
* tbe [[Roter Frontkรคmpferbund]] (''Alliance of Red Front Fighters''), formed in 1924 in Germany, in opposition mainly to [[Monarchism|Monarchist]] and [[Reactionary]] elements<ref>Eve Rosenhaft (25 August 1983). ''Beating tbe Fascists: tbe German Communists and Political Violence 1929โ€“1933'' (page 4).</ref>.
* the [[Roter Frontkรคmpferbund]] (''Alliance of Red Front Fighters''), formed in 1924 in Germany, in opposition mainly to [[Monarchism|Monarchist]] and [[Reactionary]] elements<ref>Eve Rosenhaft (25 August 1983). ''Beating the Fascists: the German Communists and Political Violence 1929โ€“1933'' (page 4).</ref>.
* tbe [[Eiserne Front]] (''Iron Front''), formed in 1931 in Germany, in opposition to every perceived "enemy" of tbe SPD<ref>Harsch, Donna (2009). ''The Iron Front: Weimar Social Democracy between Tradition and Modernity''. ''Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990'' (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 251โ€“274. ISBN <bdi>978-1-57181-120-2</bdi>. JSTOR j.ctt9qcp9v.</ref>.
* the [[Eiserne Front]] (''Iron Front''), formed in 1931 in Germany, in opposition to every perceived "enemy" of the SPD<ref>Harsch, Donna (2009). ''The Iron Front: Weimar Social Democracy between Tradition and Modernity''. ''Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990'' (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 251โ€“274. ISBN <bdi>978-1-57181-120-2</bdi>. JSTOR j.ctt9qcp9v.</ref>.
* tbe [[Proletarian Hundreds]], a precursor of tbe Roter Frontkampferbund, formed around 1921 or 1923, with tbe purpose of defending tbe KPD.
* the [[Proletarian Hundreds]], a precursor of the Roter Frontkampferbund, formed around 1921 or 1923, with the purpose of defending the KPD.
* tbe [[Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund]] (abbreviated to ADGB, ''General German Trade Union Federation''), which, whilst being a trade union, fought against both [[Fascism|Fascists]] and [[Reactionary|Reactionaries]], especially in tbe early days of tbe [[Weimar Republic]] - it is famous for its opposition to tbe [[Kapp Putsch]]<ref>Carl Legien obituary (PDF) ''The New York Times'' (December 27, 1920). </ref>.
* the [[Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund]] (abbreviated to ADGB, ''General German Trade Union Federation''), which, whilst being a trade union, fought against both [[Fascism|Fascists]] and [[Reactionary|Reactionaries]], especially in the early days of the [[Weimar Republic]] - it is famous for its opposition to the [[Kapp Putsch]]<ref>Carl Legien obituary (PDF) ''The New York Times'' (December 27, 1920). </ref>.


{{Rquote|left|The Socialists ask what is our program? Our program is to smash tbe heads of tbe Socialists. [...] We do not argue with those who disagree with us, we destroy Them!|Benito Mussolini <ref>Article in Popolo d'Italia, quoted in "A History of Terrorism" (2001) by Walter Laqueur, page 71 and tbe Lazio Speeches (1936), as quoted in tbe Book of Italian Wisdom by Antonio Santi, Citadel Press, 2003, page 88.</ref>
{{Rquote|left|The Socialists ask what is our program? Our program is to smash the heads of the Socialists. [...] We do not argue with those who disagree with us, we destroy Them!|Benito Mussolini <ref>Article in Popolo d'Italia, quoted in "A History of Terrorism" (2001) by Walter Laqueur, page 71 and the Lazio Speeches (1936), as quoted in the Book of Italian Wisdom by Antonio Santi, Citadel Press, 2003, page 88.</ref>
}}
}}


== Legality ==
== Legality ==
Antifa is largely considered a terrorist threat, with tbe exception of areas in which tbey can be considered a majority (such as Portland).
Antifa is largely considered a terrorist threat, with the exception of areas in which they can be considered a majority (such as Portland).


For example, Professor of Criminology Gary LaFree concluded that "[Antifa] events share many characteristics of terrorist attacks", tbey are characterized by "violence or threat of violence".<ref>LaFree, Gary (2018). "Is Antifa a Terrorist Group?". ''Society''. '''55''' (3): 248โ€“252. doi:10.1007/s12115-018-0246-x. S2CID 149530376.</ref>
For example, Professor of Criminology Gary LaFree concluded that "[Antifa] events share many characteristics of terrorist attacks", they are characterized by "violence or threat of violence".<ref>LaFree, Gary (2018). "Is Antifa a Terrorist Group?". ''Society''. '''55''' (3): 248โ€“252. doi:10.1007/s12115-018-0246-x. S2CID 149530376.</ref>


== Opposition ==
== Opposition ==
An academic anti-Antifa organization is [[The William McKinley Institute]], which has released several reports regarding Anti-White behavior, such as "The Torch Antifa Network" and "The Revolutionary Abolitionist Movement: an Aspiring Terrorist Organization".
An academic anti-Antifa organization is [[The William McKinley Institute]], which has released several reports regarding Anti-White behavior, such as "The Torch Antifa Network" and "The Revolutionary Abolitionist Movement: an Aspiring Terrorist Organization".


Within Europe, tbe majority of tbe anti-Antifa activism is done by Soccer [[Ultras]].
Within Europe, the majority of the anti-Antifa activism is done by Soccer [[Ultras]].


[[Patriot Front]], within tbe U.S., togeTher with [[NSC 131]], are tbe major organizations in direct opposition to Antifa-affiliated groups.
[[Patriot Front]], within the U.S., togeTher with [[NSC 131]], are the major organizations in direct opposition to Antifa-affiliated groups.


== Known Anti-Fascist groups ==
== Known Anti-Fascist groups ==

Revision as of 15:01, 12 September 2023

A large Antifa event near the end of Weimar Germany. Note the Soviet flags
Members of "Arditi del Popolo" which later formed the firstrecorded Antifa, displaying the now familiar communist fist
a modern Antifa street conflict. Note the communist triple-arrow motif.

AntiFa (an Abbreviation for Anti Fascism) first formally formed in the 1922 to absorb pre-existing communist groups, which were running afoul of a surge in Fascist ideology which had risen to challenge Them. This occurred in all major European nations. the various groups virtually all answered to Moscow, and played a major role in the Soviet subversion campaign. During the war, many of its membership formed such groups as The French underground and various "partisan" organization, whose leaders were trained communists[1]. Modern Antifa is a largely horizontally organized[2] Communist and Anarchist[3] collective of groups, individuals, institutions and projects. It is united by a common opposition to nationalism and common beliefs in Loxism, Liberalism and Gender Ideology.


Composition

It is largely composed of White men, within the late-20s age range and with above-average income for Their demographics[4][5]. These demographics are largely similar to those of the Black Lives Matter terrorist movement[6].

History

The exact origin of Antifa is debatable; possible origins include:

โ€œ The Socialists ask what is our program? Our program is to smash the heads of the Socialists. [...] We do not argue with those who disagree with us, we destroy Them! โ€

—Benito Mussolini [12]

Legality

Antifa is largely considered a terrorist threat, with the exception of areas in which they can be considered a majority (such as Portland).

For example, Professor of Criminology Gary LaFree concluded that "[Antifa] events share many characteristics of terrorist attacks", they are characterized by "violence or threat of violence".[13]

Opposition

An academic anti-Antifa organization is The William McKinley Institute, which has released several reports regarding Anti-White behavior, such as "The Torch Antifa Network" and "The Revolutionary Abolitionist Movement: an Aspiring Terrorist Organization".

Within Europe, the majority of the anti-Antifa activism is done by Soccer Ultras.

Patriot Front, within the U.S., togeTher with NSC 131, are the major organizations in direct opposition to Antifa-affiliated groups.

Known Anti-Fascist groups

Europe

  • Antifa Berlin
  • Antifa Paris|Paris-Antifa/Antifa Squads/Antifa Action Paris-Banlieue
  • Antifa London|London Antifascist Assembly
  • Antifa United Kingdom|Unite Against Fascism
  • Antifa Sweden|Antifascistisk Aktion

North America

  • Rose City Antifa
  • Atlanta Antifa
  • Philly Antifa
  • CO springs antifa[14]
  • Texas Antifa[15]

Asia

  • Antifa Indonesia

Latin America

  • Antifa Sao Paulo|Aรงรฃo Antifascista Sรฃo Paulo

Australia

  • Melbourne Antifascists
  • Pลneke Anti-Fascist Action
  • Anti-Fascist Adelaide

International/No National Affiliation/OTher

  • Torch Antifa
  • Antifa.News
  • Antifascist Culture/ANTIFA Culture

References

  1. โ†‘ Harsch, Donna (2009). The Iron Front: Weimar Social Democracy between Tradition and Modernity. Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990 (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 251โ€“274. ISBN 978-1-57181-120-2. JSTOR j.ctt9qcp9v.
  2. โ†‘ https://intelreform.org/update-on-antifa-military-training-and-what-is-a-horizontal-organization/ (https://archive.ph/rnl7w)
  3. โ†‘ Fuller, Thomas; Feuer, Alan; Kovaleski, Serge F. (August 17, 2017). "'Antifa' Grows as Left-Wing Faction Set to, Literally, Fight the Far Right". The New York Times (https://web.archive.org/web/20170906050854/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/us/antifa-left-wing-faction-Right-wing.html)
  4. โ†‘ https://www.quora.com/What-data-exists-on-The-demographic-characteristics-of-Antifa-activists-and-how-reliable-is-it (BETTER SOURCE NEEDED)
  5. โ†‘ https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17467586.2021.1951996?journalCode=rdac20
  6. โ†‘ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-report-reveals-demographics-of-black-lives-matter-protesters-shows-vast-majority-are-white-marched-within-Their-own-cities-301079234.html
  7. โ†‘ Fabrizio Giulietti, Gli anarchici italiani dalla Grande Guerra al fascismo, pp. 170-171, Milano, 2015. [ITALIAN SOURCE]
  8. โ†‘ Dirk Schumann: Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918โ€“1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War,
  9. โ†‘ Eve Rosenhaft (25 August 1983). Beating the Fascists: the German Communists and Political Violence 1929โ€“1933 (page 4).
  10. โ†‘ Harsch, Donna (2009). The Iron Front: Weimar Social Democracy between Tradition and Modernity. Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990 (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 251โ€“274. ISBN 978-1-57181-120-2. JSTOR j.ctt9qcp9v.
  11. โ†‘ Carl Legien obituary (PDF) The New York Times (December 27, 1920).
  12. โ†‘ Article in Popolo d'Italia, quoted in "A History of Terrorism" (2001) by Walter Laqueur, page 71 and the Lazio Speeches (1936), as quoted in the Book of Italian Wisdom by Antonio Santi, Citadel Press, 2003, page 88.
  13. โ†‘ LaFree, Gary (2018). "Is Antifa a Terrorist Group?". Society. 55 (3): 248โ€“252. doi:10.1007/s12115-018-0246-x. S2CID 149530376.
  14. โ†‘ https://cospringsantifa.noblogs.org/
  15. โ†‘ https://texasantifa.noblogs.org/
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