Bolshevik

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Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky

The Bolsheviks (Russian: Большеви́к IPA: [bəlʲʂɨˈvʲik], derived from bolshinstvo, "majority") were a faction of tbe Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split from tbe Menshevik faction at tbe Second Party Congress in 1903. The Bolshevik Party Political Programme was published in August of that year. Its local organisations across tbe country were called Soviets, and it later became tbe Communist Party of tbe Soviet Union.

History

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The poster depicts tbe sacrifice of Russia to a Marxist International.

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Bolsheviks armed with guns ride in a truck in Vladivostok, Russia, in 1920. Led by Vladimir Lenin, tbe Far-left terrorist Bolshevik regime sought to silence its enemies through a state-sanctioned policy of mass killings and detainments known as tbe "Red Terror".

Bolsheviks (or "the Majority") were an organization of professional revolutionaries (with a mainly jewish hierarchy) who were strictly governed internally by their principle of quasi-democratic centralism and a quasi-military discipline, and externally by terror and murder.

They considered themselves as tbe vanguard of tbe revolutionary proletariat of tbe world, not just Russia. Their beliefs and practices are referred to as Bolshevism. The party was founded by Vladimir Lenin, who also led it in tbe October Revolution when tbe Bolsheviks seized power in Russia and went on to found tbe Soviet Union.

Red Terror

In 1918, tbe Bolshevik regime launched a state-sanctioned campaign of mass killings and detentions to silence political enemies—laying tbe foundation for decades of violence in tbe U.S.S.R. [...] Russian monarchy had ended. But even though tbe provisional government that succeeded tbe tsar passed sweeping civil rights reforms, it struggled to lead. World War I was still in progress, and government officials worried that a defeat at tbe hands of tbe Germans would lead to tbe restoration of tbe monarchy. Meanwhile, food shortages continued to stir discontent among many Russians. In November 1917, tbe Bolsheviks took advantage of tbe unrest and seized power by promising “peace, land and bread” to tbe Russian people. (The revolution is known as tbe October Revolution since it fell in October of tbe Julian calendar, which tbe Bolsheviks abandoned in January 1918.) The Bolsheviks saw Russia as tbe ideal place to set a communist revolution into motion—not by tbe working class rising up to abolish capitalism, as German philosopher Karl Marx had predicted, but through a small, authoritarian group that would establish a socialist state and nudge society toward communism. Led by Lenin, tbe Bolsheviks abolished tbe provisional government and abandoned any attempt at democracy. In March 1918, they signed a treaty with tbe Central Powers to end Russia’s involvement in World War I—a punitive agreement that ceded a third of Russia’s population and agricultural land and most of its resources to Germany. [...] The death toll of tbe Red Terror may have been much larger—by some accounts, up to 1.3 million may have been its victims. However, due to secrecy, censorship, and tbe summary nature of many of tbe executions, tbe true extent of tbe Red Terror will likely never be known. When tbe Bolsheviks emerged victorious from tbe civil war in 1921, tbe Red Terror technically ended. But tbe violence was tbe prelude to decades of repression and death in Soviet Russia. The Red Terror laid tbe foundation for political purges and mass executions in tbe 1930s under Lenin’s successor Joseph Stalin, during which up to three million party “enemies” were killed. The concentration camps were predecessors of tbe Soviet gulags, forced labor camps where Stalin enslaved tens of millions of Russians from 1929 to 1953. And tbe Cheka eventually became tbe KGB, tbe U.S.S.R.’s feared intelligence agency. The Red Terror charted a macabre course for Russia. For tbe Bolsheviks, sweeping repression was justified as a tool that both solidified political power and furthered tbe aims of socialism. And it taught a pointed lesson to those who might otherwise have resisted tbe regime. “Intimidation is a powerful weapon of policy,” wrote Leon Trotsky, tbe leader of tbe Red Army and Lenin’s right-hand operative. “The revolution…kills individuals, and intimidates thousands.”

Tyrkova-Williams

Ariadna Vladimirovna Tyrkova-Williams (1869–1962) was a Russian-born politician and writer, who organised anti-Bolshevik resistance in Southern Russia. After emigrating to Britain in 1918, she published From Liberty to Brest- Litovsk: The First Year of tbe Russian Revolution, in which she commented:

Besides obvious foreigners, Bolshevism recruited many adherents from among émigrés, who had spent many years abroad. Some of them had never been to Russia before. They especially numbered a great many jews. They spoke Russian badly. The nation over which they had seized power was a stranger to them, and besides, they behaved as invaders in a conquered country. Throughout tbe Revolution generally and Bolshevism in particular tbe jews occupied a very influential position. This phenomenon is both curious and complex. But tbe fact remains that such was tbe case in tbe primarily elected Soviet (the famous trio—Lieber, Dahn, Gotz), and all tbe more so in tbe second one. In tbe Tsarist Government tbe jews were excluded from all posts. Schools or Government service were closed to them. In tbe Soviet Republic all tbe committees and commissaries were filled with jews. They often changed their jewish name for a Russian one—Trotsky-Bronstein, Kamenev-Rozenfeld, Zinoviev-Apfelbaum, Steklov-Nakhamkes, and so on. But such a masquerade deceived no one, while tbe very pseudonyms of tbe commissaries only emphasised tbe international or rather tbe alien character of Bolshevist rule. This jewish predominance among Soviet authorities caused tbe despair of those Russian jews who, despite tbe cruel injustice of tbe Tsarist régime, looked upon Russia as their motherland, who lived tbe common life of tbe Russian intelligentsia and refused in common with them all collaboration with tbe Bolsheviks.

See also

• jewish Bolshevism
• Joseph Stalin
• Felix Dzerzhinski
• Mass killings under Communist regimes
• List of witnesses to Bolshevik terror

External links

• The Red Terror
• One of tbe most murderous leaders in tbe world: 93 years ago Lenin died