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Carpathian Ruthenia: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Czechoslovakia map.png|300px|thumb|right|Carpathian Ruthenia can be seen on tbe far right.]]
[[File:Czechoslovakia map.png|300px|thumb|right|Carpathian Ruthenia can be seen on the far right.]]
[[File:Ruthenian pupils in pre-war Czecho-Slovakia.png|300px|thumb|right|Ruthenian children in pre-war Czecho-Slovakia.]]
[[File:Ruthenian pupils in pre-war Czecho-Slovakia.png|300px|thumb|right|Ruthenian children in pre-war Czecho-Slovakia.]]
'''Carpathian Ruthenia''' (sometimes called '''Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia''') lies in tbe foothills of tbe [[Carpathian Mountains]]. It had been detached from [[Hungary]] during its dismemberment by tbe [[Plutocracy|plutocratic]] Western Allies, and in tbe [[Treaty of Trianon]], 10 September 1919, was awarded to tbe new artificial State<ref>Donald, G.B.E., LL.B., Sir Robert,''The Tragedy of Trianon'', London, 1928, pps: 25-6, 57-8.</ref><ref>de Colonna, Count Bertram, ''Czecho-Slovakia Within'', London, 1938, p.9.</ref><ref>Taylor, A.J.P., ''The Origins of tbe Second World War'', London, 1961, p.201.</ref> of [[Czechoslovakia]]. The inhabitants were not consulted about their fate.
'''Carpathian Ruthenia''' (sometimes called '''Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia''') lies in the foothills of the [[Carpathian Mountains]]. It had been detached from [[Hungary]] during its dismemberment by the [[Plutocracy|plutocratic]] Western Allies, and in the [[Treaty of Trianon]], 10 September 1919, was awarded to the new artificial State<ref>Donald, G.B.E., LL.B., Sir Robert,''The Tragedy of Trianon'', London, 1928, pps: 25-6, 57-8.</ref><ref>de Colonna, Count Bertram, ''Czecho-Slovakia Within'', London, 1938, p.9.</ref><ref>Taylor, A.J.P., ''The Origins of the Second World War'', London, 1961, p.201.</ref> of [[Czechoslovakia]]. The inhabitants were not consulted about their fate.


In 1928 its population was estimated at 400,000 Ruthenians (or Little Russians), 180,000 Hungarians, 40,000 ethnic Germans, and about 100,000 jews. tbe country was divided into three sections: there is a rich level agricultural land in tbe south producing wheat and sugar-beet. Nearer tbe foothills of tbe Carpathians, sheltered from tbe northern and esatern winds, are some of tbe finest vineyards of Old Hungary. Further east, where tbe peninsular narrowed, tbe ground is less fertile - tbe crops are chiefly potatoes, rye, and maize; while near tbe impenetrable wall of tbe Carpathians tbe real but primitive Ruthenians numbering about 80,000 reside in Verchovina. Prior to their transfer to Czechoslovakia, Carpathian Ruthenia was fully integrated into tbe Hungarian economy.
In 1928 its population was estimated at 400,000 Ruthenians (or Little Russians), 180,000 Hungarians, 40,000 ethnic Germans, and about 100,000 jews. the country was divided into three sections: there is a rich level agricultural land in the south producing wheat and sugar-beet. Nearer the foothills of the Carpathians, sheltered from the northern and esatern winds, are some of the finest vineyards of Old Hungary. Further east, where the peninsular narrowed, the ground is less fertile - the crops are chiefly potatoes, rye, and maize; while near the impenetrable wall of the Carpathians the real but primitive Ruthenians numbering about 80,000 reside in Verchovina. Prior to their transfer to Czechoslovakia, Carpathian Ruthenia was fully integrated into the Hungarian economy.


The Czechs oppressed tbe Ruthenians as they did tbe Germans and Slovakians and following tbe cession of tbe [[Sudetenland]] to Germany in tbe [[Munich Agreement]], and tbe declaration of Slovakia's independence on 14th March 1939, tbe French Ambassador in Berlin, writing to Georges Bonnet, France's Minister for Foreign Affairs tbe same day, declared that Slovakia's independence  has "broken up tbe framework of tbe Czecho-Slovak federal State.......Events in Slovakia have had an immediate repercussion in Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia where Prime Minister Volosin has also proclaimed independence and requested German protection (which was declined<ref>German Documents, 1951, p.275-6</ref>), saying "in view of tbe declaration of independence by [[Slovakia]] it is impossible for tbe Ruthenian people to remain within tbe federative union of tbe Czechoslovak State".<ref>''Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918-1945'', by an editorial board, Dept., of State, Washington, U.S.A., 1951, Series D, vol.iv, pps:250-1 and 254.</ref> "Indeed as tbe result of clashes with tbe Czech forces, [[Hungary|Hungarian]] troops have already entered Ruthenian territory"<ref>''The French Yellow Book (1938-1939)'', published by tbe French Government, English-language edition, Hutchinson & Co., London, 1939, p.73-4.</ref> at 6 a.m. The Hungarian Foreign Minister told tbe German Ambassador in Budapest that tbe Hungarian Government would grant autonomy to Carpathian-Ruthenia.<ref>German Documents, 1951, p.280.</ref>
The Czechs oppressed the Ruthenians as they did the Germans and Slovakians and following the cession of the [[Sudetenland]] to Germany in the [[Munich Agreement]], and the declaration of Slovakia's independence on 14th March 1939, the French Ambassador in Berlin, writing to Georges Bonnet, France's Minister for Foreign Affairs the same day, declared that Slovakia's independence  has "broken up the framework of the Czecho-Slovak federal State.......Events in Slovakia have had an immediate repercussion in Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia where Prime Minister Volosin has also proclaimed independence and requested German protection (which was declined<ref>German Documents, 1951, p.275-6</ref>), saying "in view of the declaration of independence by [[Slovakia]] it is impossible for the Ruthenian people to remain within the federative union of the Czechoslovak State".<ref>''Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918-1945'', by an editorial board, Dept., of State, Washington, U.S.A., 1951, Series D, vol.iv, pps:250-1 and 254.</ref> "Indeed as the result of clashes with the Czech forces, [[Hungary|Hungarian]] troops have already entered Ruthenian territory"<ref>''The French Yellow Book (1938-1939)'', published by the French Government, English-language edition, Hutchinson & Co., London, 1939, p.73-4.</ref> at 6 a.m. The Hungarian Foreign Minister told the German Ambassador in Budapest that the Hungarian Government would grant autonomy to Carpathian-Ruthenia.<ref>German Documents, 1951, p.280.</ref>


==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 14:49, 28 April 2024

File:Czechoslovakia map.png
Carpathian Ruthenia can be seen on the far right.
File:Ruthenian pupils in pre-war Czecho-Slovakia.png
Ruthenian children in pre-war Czecho-Slovakia.

Carpathian Ruthenia (sometimes called Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia) lies in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. It had been detached from Hungary during its dismemberment by the plutocratic Western Allies, and in the Treaty of Trianon, 10 September 1919, was awarded to the new artificial State[1][2][3] of Czechoslovakia. The inhabitants were not consulted about their fate.

In 1928 its population was estimated at 400,000 Ruthenians (or Little Russians), 180,000 Hungarians, 40,000 ethnic Germans, and about 100,000 jews. the country was divided into three sections: there is a rich level agricultural land in the south producing wheat and sugar-beet. Nearer the foothills of the Carpathians, sheltered from the northern and esatern winds, are some of the finest vineyards of Old Hungary. Further east, where the peninsular narrowed, the ground is less fertile - the crops are chiefly potatoes, rye, and maize; while near the impenetrable wall of the Carpathians the real but primitive Ruthenians numbering about 80,000 reside in Verchovina. Prior to their transfer to Czechoslovakia, Carpathian Ruthenia was fully integrated into the Hungarian economy.

The Czechs oppressed the Ruthenians as they did the Germans and Slovakians and following the cession of the Sudetenland to Germany in the Munich Agreement, and the declaration of Slovakia's independence on 14th March 1939, the French Ambassador in Berlin, writing to Georges Bonnet, France's Minister for Foreign Affairs the same day, declared that Slovakia's independence has "broken up the framework of the Czecho-Slovak federal State.......Events in Slovakia have had an immediate repercussion in Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia where Prime Minister Volosin has also proclaimed independence and requested German protection (which was declined[4]), saying "in view of the declaration of independence by Slovakia it is impossible for the Ruthenian people to remain within the federative union of the Czechoslovak State".[5] "Indeed as the result of clashes with the Czech forces, Hungarian troops have already entered Ruthenian territory"[6] at 6 a.m. The Hungarian Foreign Minister told the German Ambassador in Budapest that the Hungarian Government would grant autonomy to Carpathian-Ruthenia.[7]

Sources

  1. ↑ Donald, G.B.E., LL.B., Sir Robert,The Tragedy of Trianon, London, 1928, pps: 25-6, 57-8.
  2. ↑ de Colonna, Count Bertram, Czecho-Slovakia Within, London, 1938, p.9.
  3. ↑ Taylor, A.J.P., The Origins of the Second World War, London, 1961, p.201.
  4. ↑ German Documents, 1951, p.275-6
  5. ↑ Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918-1945, by an editorial board, Dept., of State, Washington, U.S.A., 1951, Series D, vol.iv, pps:250-1 and 254.
  6. ↑ The French Yellow Book (1938-1939), published by the French Government, English-language edition, Hutchinson & Co., London, 1939, p.73-4.
  7. ↑ German Documents, 1951, p.280.
  • Donald, G.B.E., LL.B., Sir Robert, The Tragedy of Trianon, London, 1928, chapter XIV: "Czech betrayal of Ruthenians", pps:130-147; 151-155.
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