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| '''Colonialism''' usually refers to the earlier territorial expansionism by [[Europeans]] outside of [[Europe]] and argued effects due to this. The occupation and permanent installation of a people (or several peoples) on another people’s homeland. This term is preferable to that of ‘immigration’. | | '''Colonialism''' is the practice of exploring new places - with "new" defined as outside of the usual environments of one's civilization - and setting up colonies in the discovered land. |
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| == Etymology ==
| | A '''colony''' is a location in which a group of people establish permanent residence within an area discovered through colonization whilst retaining ties with the parent [[civilization]] they originally came from. '''Colonists''' are members of a colony. |
| The term comes from the [[Latin]] ''colonia'', which referred to specific areas within foreign countries conquered by [[ancient Rome]]. These areas were populated by Roman citizens and in particular by Roman military veterans after military service. This bound the conquered countries closer to Rome and spread Roman culture.
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| However, today the term usually does not imply a similar process and a colony usually simply refers to a conquered non-European territory, regardless of if this was followed by large scale European immigration or not.
| | This is usually applied within the realm of Geopolitics but it's definition makes it applicable within other contexts as well. |
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| == Non-European territorial expansionism == | | = Differences between Colonialism and Migration = |
| In practice, the term colonialism is seldom applied to non-European territorial expansionism. Numerous examples of such non-European territorial expansionism exist in all continents throughout history, such as the various non-European empires. The term is also seldom applied to [[Communist]] expansionism, such as by the [[Soviet Union]] or [[China]] (in [[Tibet]] and [[Xinjiang]]).
| | Migration differs from colonialism in 3 key aspects: |
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| As one example of many, politically correct sources rarely mention the [[Bantu expansion]] in Africa against groups such as the [[Khoisan]] and the [[Pygmies]], who were displaced/killed/enslaved, and their lands colonized by Bantus.
| | # Migration implies cutting ties with one's own civilization. |
| | # Migration happens solely from an already populated land to another already populated land. |
| | # Colonization implies permanent residence. |
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| This politically correct usage causes the impression that only Europeans have practiced colonialism.
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| == Argued negative effects from European colonialism ==
| | Point 1 requires some nuance: it's implied that it can't happen suddenly. Most migrants will not know the native land's language or culture; however, most migrants will assimilate within a couple of years - with differences based on socioeconomic status. An example of this would be the Korean migration to America during and following the Korean War and Japanese migrants in Brazil. |
| European colonialism and argued exploitation of the conquered territories is a very popular explanation for various current problems in developing countries. This is arguably dubious since, for example, most of Africa was only under colonial rule for less than a hundred years. Thus, colonial rule did not occur during most of the time during which Africa has been underdeveloped.
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| Related is blaming current problems in Africa on slavery. Regarding this, see the [[Slavery#Long-lasting_economic_effects_of_slave_trade_on_Africa|Slavery: Long-lasting economic effects on Africa]].
| | Point 2 is the most common way to differentiate the two. Though the cases of "real" colonization are few (e.g., not South America but instead Norfolk Island), it's worth mentioning. |
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| Some negative effects that are associated with colonialism were involuntary, such as the transmission of infectious diseases from Eurasia/Africa to the Americas and that caused a dramatic population decline due to the Amerindians initially lacking genetic resistance to these diseases. Eurasia/Africa was in turn affected by infectious diseases from the Americas, such as syphilis.
| | Point 3 is debatable but is based on the fact that There exist economic & temporary migrants. Of course, There exist people transiting by a colony or inhabiting it temporarily, but they can't be the whole of the population, whereas it is possible for the whole mass of migrants to be in a select place temporarily - an example of this are the North Korean laborers in the Russian Federation. |
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| The [[Congo Free State]] is popular example of the negative effects of colonialism. However, the Congo Free State was not an ordinary colony, but a private project by the Belgian king. It was the European colonial powers who together decided to transfer the area to the Belgian state, due to the reports stating maltreatment. In politically correct descriptions, very large scale population declines in the Congo Free State are often stated. Less commonly mentioned is that a very important cause of this was an epidemic of trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness"). The widespread transmission of the disease may to some degree have been caused by the societal changes in the Congo Free State, but the epidemic and the population decline were involuntary and negative for exploiters, since the available labor force decreased and was frequently sick. Even less commonly mentioned is the large scale work by the colonial power against the disease and that eventually controlled and reversed the epidemic in Congo and other areas. "''After independence, population growth, civil disorder, and political problems interrupted this downward trend and provoked a new epidemic.''"<ref>Headrick DR (2014) Sleeping Sickness Epidemics and Colonial Responses in East and Central Africa, 1900–1940. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(4): e2772. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002772 http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0002772</ref>
| | = the 2015 European Migrant Crisis = |
| | | . the key difference between most modern migrants towards First World countries and past migrations (whether the Irish or Italian or any other) is the application of Point 1. Because of this difference, it's more accurate to define 2015-Migrant-Crisis-Era Migrants as "Colonizers" rather than immigrants. |
| The high numbers sometimes claimed to have been killed in Congo Free State have been criticized as impossibly high. Also,
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| : "''there were roughly 200 Europeans in the Congo Free State administration at any one time, versus around 13,000 black FP troops at any one time. And so the mutilating, raping and killing that was done had to have been done overwhelmingly by the black FP troops''" and "''from 1904 to 1908, in response to public outcry over the Congo, an independent council created by Italy, Switzerland and Belgium conducted an ongoing investigation and released periodical reports called The Official Bulletin of the Congo Free State (translation). Of course this council did not report extreme genocide going at the behest of Leopold’s government. In fact, they reported that the abuses occurred almost exclusively when FP detachments were sent out WITHOUT a European commander, and that the presence of European commanders was what prevented atrocities and rape.''"<ref>Mythologies About Leopold’s Congo Free State http://thealternativehypothesis.org/index.php/2016/07/24/mythologies-about-leopolds-congo-free-state/</ref>
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| Certain periods of crop failure and starvation in some colonies (like in [[India]]) have sometimes been blamed on the colonial powers. However, crop failures and starvation have been repeated patterns throughout history in all parts of the world. Although they may be worsened by administrative failures, periods of starvation were likely difficult to avoid before the technological development and the demographic transition caused most of the population to no longer live near the subsistence level. Furthermore, periods of starvation were nothing unique for non-European colonies. For example, also during the 19th century there were periods of crop failure and starvation in Europe, such as in [[Ireland]] in 1845-1852, in [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]] in 1867-69, and in [[Russia]] in 1891-92. After the end of colonialism, there have been periods of starvation in, for example, communist non-European countries such as [[China]], [[North Korea]], and [[Ethiopia]].
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| == Argued positive effects from European colonialism ==
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| The European colonial powers contributed to the colonies in many different ways:
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| *The conquest put an end to often chronic and large scale internal violence and wars due to, for example, ethnic, religious, and tribal conflicts. The colonial powers also often fought widespread banditry, piracy, and raiding - in short, colonialism increased peace, law, and order.
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| *Prohibiting [[slavery]], [[human sacrifice]]s, [[cannibalism]], and [[widow burning]].
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| *Building, for example, public buildings, bridges, public roads, wells, channels, telegraph lines, dams, railways, and ports. Any form of advanced construction was almost completely absent in Sub-Saharan Africa before the arrival of the colonial powers.
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| *Creating colonial administrations employing natives and teaching them European administrative methods.
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| *Educating and creating educational systems. This could include measures ranging from for the first time teaching someone in an area to read to sending individuals to European universities.
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| *Introducing new forms of employment, such as wage labor, which may have been seen as a better alternative than the traditional alternative for groups such as women and poor agricultural workers.
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| *In, for example, [[India]] the colonial power introduced several reforms that gave women some basic legal rights (such as the right to own property and certain rights regarding marriage), prohibited some customs harmful for women (such as widow burning), and made possible and supported certain education for women.
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| *Building and staffing hospitals and other health centers, educating health care personnel, improving and teaching sanitation, and researching and developing cures for tropical diseases.
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| *Introducing new technology and science.
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| *Introducing new agricultural plants and animals.
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| Even if the motives in part included reasons such as education being necessary for creating a colonial administration, schools and hospitals being part of a religious mission, or building up a previously non-existing infrastructure in order to enable exports, this still caused positive effects.
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| Western expansionism also created positive effects and development in areas not colonized by forcing reforms, such as in Japan, where the contact with Western expansionism forced the country to abandon medieval [[feudalism]], and the country was then able to rapidly modernize itself by adopting Western technology and administrative methods.
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| == Motives for European colonialism ==
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| The motives for European colonialism are often described as purely egoistic. However, other kinds of motives have been argued.
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| The stated motives for colonialism could include to improve the situation for the population in the colonies and civilize the colonies (exemplified in expressions such as "[[Civilizing Mission]]" and "[[The White Man's Burden]]"). Critics have sometimes dismissed this as a pretext. This criticism may however be difficult to apply to groups such as missionaries, who made large scale contributions to improving education and health care, and be difficult to apply to measures such as abolishing slavery or improving the situations for women.
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| An alternative criticism is by arguing that the stated motives such as spreading Western civilization were genuine, but are examples of "cultural racism". However, such criticisms presume that Western civilization or aspects of Western civilization were/are in fact not the superior/better alternative(s).
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| In particular before the [[Enlightenment]], a stated motive was to save non-Christians from Hell by converting them to Christianity. This may have been a pretext in some cases, but may have been a genuine motive in other cases. When a similar motive is stated today by, for example, expansionist Islamists, it is usually not doubted that the stated religious motive(s) are genuine.
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| Often argued motives are "[[scientific racism]]" and [[social Darwinism]]. However, both non-Western and Western expansionism existed long before the birth of Darwin or any scientific study of [[race]]. Furthermore, accepting the reality of race differences does not necessarily imply adopting social Darwinism, but may instead be interpreted as more advantaged groups having a responsibility to help less advantaged groups and may thus be compatible with "Civilizing Mission". Also, instead of creating phenomena such as slavery, the scientific study of race occurred at the same time as slavery was abolished by Western countries in both Western and non-Western countries.
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| == Post-colonial developments ==
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| Post-colonial developments between different countries and different regions have varied greatly. [[Haiti]] became independent already in 1804 and has been ruled by Blacks, with few Whites in the county. [[Liberia]] became independent already in 1847. [[Ethiopia]] was only very briefly a colony during the 1936–1944 period. All three countries are despite this very poor. [[Singapore]], with a largely [[Han Chinese]] population, became independent only in 1965, but is despite this very wealthy.
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| == White flight ==
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| {{Template:White flight}}
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| After the colonial period, there has been large-scale [[White flight]] and various argued associated negative developments, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. See the "External links" section.
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| == Chinese "neocolonialism" ==
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| See [[China#Han_Chinese|China: Han Chinese]] on recent large-scale migrations of Chinese to different parts of the world, notably to Africa, where they quickly have become very economically influential, although there has also been recent "Chinese flight" from certain countries. In addition, Chinese businesses and Chinese governmental projects have become very influential in some regions. This has sometimes been described as Chinese "neocolonialism".
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| ==Reverse-Colonisation==
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| This is what Europe is presently suffering: a massive colonisation by alien peoples, which makes it the greatest tragedy in her history, because it threatens to destroy her ethnic stock. This colonisation is far more serious than a military occupation, because it’s potentially irreversible. At the same time, this colonisation threatening an Islamic conquest of Europe is carried out with the complicity of the United States.
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| From a tactical perspective, it’s necessary to speak of colonists rather than of immigrants, and to stop affirming that the latter are victims of ‘exploitation’. Just the opposite, these colonists have come to Europe to live at our expense. Their invasion comes from both the maternity wards and porous borders (30 percent of French births are now of alien parentage and, if nothing changes, by 2010 Islam will become the largest practiced religion in France). We are suffering ‘a colonisation from below’, very different from the former European colonisation of the Third World. The gravity of the phenomenon has been compounded by Europe’s demographic collapse.
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| European colonisation was civilising: it brought many things to the countries involved and, contrary to the dogmas of the xenophilic Left (dogmas echoed by Right-wing Parisian intellectuals), it had little effect on native culture. Rather, it (stupidly) reinforced Islam, laying the basis for its current historic assault on Europe.
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| In every realm, resistance to this colonisation and reconquest constitutes the single overriding objective of every European political project of the Twenty-first century.
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| As of this writing, Islam is still believed to be second to Catholicism in terms of practice in France, reckoned at approximately 10% of the population, although it is difficult to gauge how accurate these estimates are. The statistics released by the Church itself indicate that practice among French Catholics has been dropping rapidly
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| (see ethnomasochism; resistance and reconquest)
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Thirteen Colonies]]
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| * [[German Colonies]]
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| == External links ==
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| *[http://articles.latimes.com/2007/mar/11/opinion/op-ferguson11 The good old days of colonialism]
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| *[http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/409374/The-Remarkable-Raj-Why-Britain-should-be-proud-of-its-rule-in-India The Remarkable Raj: Why Britain should be proud of its rule in India]
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| *[https://www.amren.com/news/2017/03/africa-bcac-colonialism/ Africa BC/AC (Before and After Colonialism)]
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| *[http://thealternativehypothesis.org/index.php/2016/04/15/colonialism-did-not-make-africa-poor/ Colonialism did not Make Africa Poor]
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| **[http://thealternativehypothesis.org/index.php/2016/04/15/the-wealth-of-colonizers-or-lack-thereof/ The Wealth of Colonizers (or Lack Thereof)]
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| **[http://thealternativehypothesis.org/index.php/2016/07/24/mythologies-about-leopolds-congo-free-state/ Mythologies About Leopold’s Congo Free State]
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| **[http://thealternativehypothesis.org/index.php/2016/07/29/south-african-apartheid-a-case-study-in-the-effect-of-european-colonialism-in-africa/ South African Apartheid: a case study on the effects of European colonialism in Africa]
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| *[https://www.amren.com/commentary/2017/09/bring-back-the-white-man-case-for-colonialism/ Bring Back the White Man!]
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| *[http://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2011/03/30/jews-and-french-colonialism-in-africa/ Jews and French Colonialism in Africa]
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| *[http://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2017/11/10/thoughts-on-decolonization-as-an-anti-white-discourse/ Thoughts on “Decolonization” as an Anti-White Discourse]
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| *[https://www.amren.com/news/2009/06/will_whites_eve/ Will Whites Ever Learn?]
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| === Article archives ===
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| *[https://www.amren.com/tag/blacks-in-charge/ American Renaissance: Blacks in Charge]
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| *[http://www.occidentaldissent.com/category/black-history-month-resources/ Occidental Dissent: Black History Month Resources]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| [[Category:History]] | | [[Category:History]] |
| [[Category:Colonialism]]
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| [[es:Colonialismo]]
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| [[sv:Kolonialism]]
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