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[[File:Czc.jpg|thumb|310px|Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]
{{Nopic}}{{Key|Fascist Leader}}'''Corneliu Zelea Codreanu''' Sept 13, 1899 – November 30, 1938) was a Romanian politician, the founder of the [[Iron Guard]] or [[The Legion of the Archangel Michael ]] (also known as the Legionary Movement), a nationalist  organization active throughout most of the interwar period. Generally seen as the main variety of local [[fascism]], and noted for its spiritual and Romanian Orthodox-inspired message, it gained prominence on the Romanian political stage, coming into conflict with the political establishment and its forces. The Legionnaires traditionally referred to Codreanu as Căpitanul ("The Captain").
'''Corneliu Zelea Codreanu''' (13 September 1899 – 30 November 1938) was a Romanian politician and founder of the [[Legionary Movement]].


==Life==
=Carreer=
[[File:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu archive Legionary Movement Romanian Christian Nationalists.jpg|thumb|310px|Corneliu Codreanu and legionnaires (members)]]
Codreanu, who began his career in the wake of [[World War I]] as an [[anticommunist]] resistance fighter associated with [[A. C. Cuza]] and [[Constantin Pancu]], was a co-founder of the [[National-Christian Defense League]]. Several times outlawed by successive (Communist or jew influenced) Romanian cabinets, his Legion assumed different names and survived in the underground, during which time Codreanu formally delegated leadership to [[Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul]]. Simultaneously, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu advocated Romania's adherence to a military and political alliance with Germany.
[[File:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu on the day of his wedding with Elena Ilinoiu.jpg|thumb|310px|Wedding celebration for Codreanu and Elena]]
Corneliu Codreanu was born in Huși to Ion Zelinschi (1878–1941), later known as Ion Zelea Codreanu, and Elizabeth "Elisa" (née Brauner, not Brunner) on 13 September 1899. Ion was a native of Buchenland (Bukovina) in [[Austria-Hungary]]; his wife was ethnically [[German]]. The mother's grandfather had moved from [[Bavaria]] to Buchenland (Bukovina), which was then part of Austria, and had worked as a customs officer in Sedschopff (Suceava). His father Ion emigrated to Romania as a young man and worked as a German teacher. He attached great importance to his "Romanian roots" and therefore changed his family name to "Zelea Codreanu" in 1902. Codreanu's father repeatedly claimed that his grandfather was an ethnic Romanian by the name of ''Zelea'' or ''Zale'' and had immigrated to Bukovina from Máramaros County. There, the Austrian administration subsequently Polonized the name (''Zieliński''). The written documents do not provide any information about this. In 1938, police authorities in Chernivtsi created a family tree of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, who was imprisoned at the time. In the male line, this family tree reached back to the aforementioned great-grandfather named Simion Dielinschi (1822-1887). His nationality was given as "probably Russian". Furthermore, Ukrainian ancestors on the father's side were listed.


Codrenau began his political career after [[World War I]] as an [[anti-communist]] agitator along with [[A.C. Cuza]] and Constantin Pancu who were one of the founders of the [[National-Christian Defense League]] (''Liga Apărării Național Creștine''). However, Codreanu left Cuza to form the [[Legionary Movement]] in 1927, which gathered a significant number of followers among students and peasants, but also many from the country's intelligentsia and clergy.
=His murder=
During the 1937 suffrage, his party registered its strongest showing, placing third and winning 15.8% of the vote. It was blocked out of power by [[King Carol II]], who invited the rival fascists and fourth-place finishers of the [[National Christian Party]] to form a short-lived government, succeeded by the [[National Renaissance Front]] royal dictatorship. The rivalry between Codreanu and, on the other side, King Carol and moderate politicians like Nicolae Iorga ended with Codreanu's imprisonment at Jilava and eventual assassination at the hands of the the King's [[Gendarmerie]]. He was succeeded as leader by [[Horia Sima]]. In 1940, under the [[National Legionary State]] proclaimed by the Iron Guard, his killing served as the basis for violent retribution.


The Legion a [[Romanian]] variant of [[fascism]], but also known for its mysterious and esoteric Romanian Orthodox inspiring revolutionary message. Over time, the movement grew to become a significant player in the Romanian political scene. The legionnaires often referred to Codreanu as ''Căpitanul'' (The Captain) and he had absolute power over the movement until his death. The legionnaires had a strong cult of personality around Codreanu, and he was seen as a great political leader by his followers. After the consequent ban on paramilitary groups, the Legion was restyled into a political party, running in elections as '''Totul Pentru Țară''' ("Everything for the Country").
=Legacy=
Corneliu Zelea Codreanu's views influenced modern patriots of all cultures. Groups claiming him as a forerunner include [[Noua Dreaptă]] and other Romanian successors of the Iron Guard, the [[International Third Position]], and various other legitimate fascist organizations in Italy and other parts of Europe.


His party was very successful in the 1937 general election and became the third largest party in the country, but was prevented from gaining power by King [[Carol II of Romania|Carol II]], who instead favored rival ''Partidul național creștin'' (National Christian Party) and ''Frontul Renaşterii Naţionale''. After the election, the government considered that the Legion was beginning to gain too much influence among the people, and the party was therefore banned. Codreanu protested and gave several speeches in which he attacked the government.
[[Category:People]][[Category:Politicians]][[Category:Activists]][[Category:Fascists]][[Category:Philosophers]]
 
==Death==
The rivalry between Codreanu and, on the other side, Carol and moderate politicians like [[Nicolae Iorga]] ended with Codreanu being imprisoned and executed along with 14 other fellow prisoners in a forest outside [[Bucharest]]. Codreanu was succeeded by [[Horia Sima]] and in 1940 the National Legionary State was proclaimed by the Legion who came to rule the country together with General [[Ion Antonescu]].
 
==Marriage==
Codreanu was married to Elena Ilinoiu in June 1925 in Focșani and the wedding was the major social event in Romania that year; it was celebrated in lavish, pseudo-royal style and attended by thousands, attracting enormous media attention. Codreanu's wife Elena withdrew from the public eye after her husband's death. After the [[communist]] regime took hold, she was arrested and deported to the Bărăgan.
 
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200" perrow="5">
File:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and Elena Ilinoiu in 1925.jpg|Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and Elena Ilinoiu decorated with [[swastika]]s in 1925
File:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 1.jpg|Codreanu, circa 1930 ([[fascist salute]])
File:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu inspects members of the Legionary Movement, circa 1934.jpg|Corneliu Zelea Codreanu inspects members of the Legionary Movement, circa 1934
File:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 2.jpg|
File:Funeral procession of coffins of Corneliu Codreanu and his murdered companions through the streets of Bucharest.jpg|Funeral procession of coffins of Corneliu Codreanu and his murdered companions through the streets of Bucharest in November 1940
</gallery>
 
==Writings==
*''[https://christiansfortruth.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/For-My-Legionaires-.pdf For My Legionaires]''
 
==See also==
*[[Legionary Movement]]
*[[José Antonio Primo de Rivera]]
*[[Léon Degrelle]]
*''[[For My Legionaries]]''
*''[[The Prison Notes]]''
*''[[Codreanu: Thoughts & Perspectives, Volume Five]]''
 
==Further reading==
* [http://ia803108.us.archive.org/15/items/HistoryOfCorneliuZeleaCodreanuAndTheLegionaryMovement/History_of_Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu.pdf ''The History of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu and the Legionary Movement'']
 
==External links==
===Encyclopedias===
*[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Corneliu-Codreanu Encyclopedia Britannica: Corneliu Codreanu]
*[https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/codreanu-corneliu-zelea Encyclopedia.com: Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea]
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:Romanian]]
[[Category:Nationalists]]
[[Category:Legionary Movement]]
 
 
[[de:Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea]]
[[da:Corneliu Codreanu]]
[[et:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]
[[es:Cornelio Codreanu]]
[[fr:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]
[[no:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]
[[ro:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]
[[sk:Corneliu Codreanu]]
[[sv:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]

Revision as of 09:54, 11 November 2022

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Fascist Leader

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Sept 13, 1899 – November 30, 1938) was a Romanian politician, the founder of the Iron Guard or The Legion of the Archangel Michael  (also known as the Legionary Movement), a nationalist organization active throughout most of the interwar period. Generally seen as the main variety of local fascism, and noted for its spiritual and Romanian Orthodox-inspired message, it gained prominence on the Romanian political stage, coming into conflict with the political establishment and its forces. The Legionnaires traditionally referred to Codreanu as Căpitanul ("The Captain").

Carreer

Codreanu, who began his career in the wake of World War I as an anticommunist resistance fighter associated with A. C. Cuza and Constantin Pancu, was a co-founder of the National-Christian Defense League. Several times outlawed by successive (Communist or jew influenced) Romanian cabinets, his Legion assumed different names and survived in the underground, during which time Codreanu formally delegated leadership to Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul. Simultaneously, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu advocated Romania's adherence to a military and political alliance with Germany.

His murder

During the 1937 suffrage, his party registered its strongest showing, placing third and winning 15.8% of the vote. It was blocked out of power by King Carol II, who invited the rival fascists and fourth-place finishers of the National Christian Party to form a short-lived government, succeeded by the National Renaissance Front royal dictatorship. The rivalry between Codreanu and, on the other side, King Carol and moderate politicians like Nicolae Iorga ended with Codreanu's imprisonment at Jilava and eventual assassination at the hands of the the King's Gendarmerie. He was succeeded as leader by Horia Sima. In 1940, under the National Legionary State proclaimed by the Iron Guard, his killing served as the basis for violent retribution.

Legacy

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu's views influenced modern patriots of all cultures. Groups claiming him as a forerunner include Noua Dreaptă and other Romanian successors of the Iron Guard, the International Third Position, and various other legitimate fascist organizations in Italy and other parts of Europe.

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