Philosophy of science: Difference between revisions
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'''Philosophy of Science | '''Philosophy of Science concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of Science , the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of Science focuses on metaphysical, epistemic and semantic aspects of Science . | ||
==Consensus== | ==Consensus== | ||
There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of Science | There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of Science consider problems that apply to particular Science ). Some philosophers of Science [[Category:Science]] also use contemporary results in Science [[Category:Science]] to reach conclusions about philosophy itself. | ||
While philosophical thought pertaining to Science | While philosophical thought pertaining to Science , general philosophy of Science [[Category:Science]] emerged as a distinct discipline only in the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivist movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Charles Sanders Peirce and Karl Popper moved on from positivism to establish a modern set of standards for scientific methodology. Thomas Kuhn's 1962 book ''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions'' was also formative, challenging the view of scientific progress as the steady, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on a fixed method of systematic experimentation and instead of arguing that any progress is relative to a "paradigm", the set of questions, concepts, and practices that define a scientific discipline in a particular historical period.<ref>Encyclopรฆdia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/Thomas-S-Kuhn, Thomas S. Kuhn archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20150417031348/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/324460/Thomas-S-Kuhn: Instead, he argued that the paradigm determines the kinds of experiments scientists perform, the types of questions they ask, and the problems they consider important.</ref> | ||
Subsequently, the [[Coherentism|coherentist]] approach to Science | Subsequently, the [[Coherentism|coherentist]] approach to Science approaches Science [[Category:Science]] from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience. | ||
A central theme is whether the terms of one scientific [[theory]] can be intra- or intertheoretically [[Philosophy:Reductionism|reduced]] to the terms of another. That is, if chemistry can be reduced to physics, or if sociology can be reduced to individual psychology. The general questions of philosophy of Science | A central theme is whether the terms of one scientific [[theory]] can be intra- or intertheoretically [[Philosophy:Reductionism|reduced]] to the terms of another. That is, if chemistry can be reduced to physics, or if sociology can be reduced to individual psychology. The general questions of philosophy of Science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, psychology, and the social Science can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:53, 21 February 2024
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Philosophy of Science concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of Science , the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of Science focuses on metaphysical, epistemic and semantic aspects of Science .
Consensus
There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of Science consider problems that apply to particular Science ). Some philosophers of Science also use contemporary results in Science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself.
While philosophical thought pertaining to Science , general philosophy of Science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivist movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Charles Sanders Peirce and Karl Popper moved on from positivism to establish a modern set of standards for scientific methodology. Thomas Kuhn's 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was also formative, challenging the view of scientific progress as the steady, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on a fixed method of systematic experimentation and instead of arguing that any progress is relative to a "paradigm", the set of questions, concepts, and practices that define a scientific discipline in a particular historical period.[1]
Subsequently, the coherentist approach to Science approaches Science from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience.
A central theme is whether the terms of one scientific theory can be intra- or intertheoretically reduced to the terms of another. That is, if chemistry can be reduced to physics, or if sociology can be reduced to individual psychology. The general questions of philosophy of Science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, psychology, and the social Science can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations.
References
- โ Encyclopรฆdia Britannica, http://www.britannica.com/Thomas-S-Kuhn, Thomas S. Kuhn archive, https://web.archive.org/web/20150417031348/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/324460/Thomas-S-Kuhn: Instead, he argued that the paradigm determines the kinds of experiments scientists perform, the types of questions they ask, and the problems they consider important.