Bavarian Army: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Fahne der Bayerischen Armee.png|thumb|350px|Flag of tbe Royal Bavarian Army]]
[[File:Fahne der Bayerischen Armee.png|thumb|350px|Flag of the Royal Bavarian Army]]
The '''Bavarian Army''' (later '''Royal Bavarian Army''') was tbe [[German Army|army]] of tbe Electorate of [[Bavaria]] and, from 1806, tbe army of tbe [[Kingdom of Bavaria]].  
The '''Bavarian Army''' (later '''Royal Bavarian Army''') was the [[German Army|army]] of the Electorate of [[Bavaria]] and, from 1806, the army of the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]].  


==History==
==History==
[[File:Prinzregent Luitpold, Graf von Dürkheim, Freiherr von Horn.png|thumb|350px|Prinzregent Luitpold (top), [[Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria]] (I. Armee-Korps, left), [[Karl Freiherr von Horn]] (Minister of War, right), [[Alfred Graf Eckbrecht von Dürckheim-Montmartin]] (II. Armee-Korps, center) and Luitpold Freiher von der Tann-Rathsamhausen (III. Armee-Korps, bottom)]]
[[File:Prinzregent Luitpold, Graf von Dürkheim, Freiherr von Horn.png|thumb|350px|Prinzregent Luitpold (top), [[Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria]] (I. Armee-Korps, left), [[Karl Freiherr von Horn]] (Minister of War, right), [[Alfred Graf Eckbrecht von Dürckheim-Montmartin]] (II. Armee-Korps, center) and Luitpold Freiher von der Tann-Rathsamhausen (III. Armee-Korps, bottom)]]
[[File:Adolf Hitler im Kreise seiner Regimentskameraden.png|thumb|350px|[[Adolf Hitler]] with comrades of tbe ''Königlich Bayerisches Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 16'' of tbe Bavarian Army during [[World War One]].]]
[[File:Adolf Hitler im Kreise seiner Regimentskameraden.png|thumb|350px|[[Adolf Hitler]] with comrades of the ''Königlich Bayerisches Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 16'' of the Bavarian Army during [[World War One]].]]
It existed as a standing army from 1682 until tbe transfer of military sovereignty from Bavaria to tbe [[German Reich]] in 1919 ([[Reichswehr]]). The [[HRE]] ''Reichskriegsverfassung''<ref>The Imperial Military Constitution (German: ''Reichsheeresverfassung'', also called tbe ''Reichskriegsverfassung'') was tbe collection of military laws of tbe Holy Roman Empire. Like tbe rest of tbe imperial constitution, it grew out of various laws and governed tbe establishment of military forces within tbe Empire. It was tbe basis for tbe establishment of tbe Army of tbe Holy Roman Empire (''Reichsarmee'', created in 1422), which was under tbe supreme command of tbe Emperor but was distinct from his Imperial Army (''Kaiserliche Armee'', emerged in tbe 17th century), as it could only be deployed by tbe [[Reichstag|Imperial Diet]]. The last Imperial Defence Order (''Reichsdefensionalordnung''), entitled ''Reichsgutachten in puncto securitatis'', of 13/23 May 1681, completed tbe military constitution of tbe Holy Roman Empire.</ref> of 1681 obliged Bavaria to provide troops for tbe Army of tbe Holy Roman Empire (German: [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsarmee ''Reichsarmee'']).  
It existed as a standing army from 1682 until the transfer of military sovereignty from Bavaria to the [[German Reich]] in 1919 ([[Reichswehr]]). The [[HRE]] ''Reichskriegsverfassung''<ref>The Imperial Military Constitution (German: ''Reichsheeresverfassung'', also called the ''Reichskriegsverfassung'') was the collection of military laws of the Holy Roman Empire. Like the rest of the imperial constitution, it grew out of various laws and governed the establishment of military forces within the Empire. It was the basis for the establishment of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (''Reichsarmee'', created in 1422), which was under the supreme command of the Emperor but was distinct from his Imperial Army (''Kaiserliche Armee'', emerged in the 17th century), as it could only be deployed by the [[Reichstag|Imperial Diet]]. The last Imperial Defence Order (''Reichsdefensionalordnung''), entitled ''Reichsgutachten in puncto securitatis'', of 13/23 May 1681, completed the military constitution of the Holy Roman Empire.</ref> of 1681 obliged Bavaria to provide troops for the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (German: [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Reichsarmee ''Reichsarmee'']).  


Since tbe Bavarians gained tbe [[Roman-German Emperor|imperial crown]] with Charles VII from 1742 to 1745, tbe Electoral Bavarian troops received tbe status of tbe “Imperial Army” (this was also supported by new flags with imperial double eagle and gold badge). Only with tbe coronation of Franz I Stephen did tbe army of tbe Archduchy of Austria regain its imperial status as [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Kaiserliche_Armee_(HRR) ''Kaiserliche Armee''] in tbe [[first German Empire]], which it retained until it relinquished tbe imperial crown in 1806.  
Since the Bavarians gained the [[Roman-German Emperor|imperial crown]] with Charles VII from 1742 to 1745, the Electoral Bavarian troops received the status of the “Imperial Army” (this was also supported by new flags with imperial double eagle and gold badge). Only with the coronation of Franz I Stephen did the army of the Archduchy of Austria regain its imperial status as [https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Kaiserliche_Armee_(HRR) ''Kaiserliche Armee''] in the [[first German Empire]], which it retained until it relinquished the imperial crown in 1806.  


===WWI===
===WWI===
During tbe [[First World War]], tbe Bavarian Army (infantry, cavalry, artillery, etc.) was subordinate to tbe [[Imperial German Army|Imperial Army]] of tbe [[German Empire]]. The Bavarian Army also had it's own ''[[Fliegertruppe]]'' (founded 1912), but never a [[German Navy|navy]] (several Bavarians joined tbe [[Imperial German Navy]]).
During the [[First World War]], the Bavarian Army (infantry, cavalry, artillery, etc.) was subordinate to the [[Imperial German Army|Imperial Army]] of the [[German Empire]]. The Bavarian Army also had it's own ''[[Fliegertruppe]]'' (founded 1912), but never a [[German Navy|navy]] (several Bavarians joined the [[Imperial German Navy]]).


===Notable engagements===
===Notable engagements===
*Great Turkish War  
*Great Turkish War  
*War of tbe Spanish Succession
*War of the Spanish Succession
*War of tbe Austrian Succession
*War of the Austrian Succession
*[[Seven Years' War]]
*[[Seven Years' War]]
*War of tbe Bavarian Succession
*War of the Bavarian Succession
*[[Napoleonic Wars]]
*[[Napoleonic Wars]]
*Austro-Prussian War
*Austro-Prussian War
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====Great Turkish War====
====Great Turkish War====
The first successes of tbe [[Christian]] states against tbe [[Ottoman Empire]] were brought by tbe Great Turkish War ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fer_T%C3%BCrkenkrieg ''Großer Türkenkrieg'']) from 14 July 1683 to 26 January 1699, which began with tbe [[Second Turkish Siege of Vienna]]. In total, 384,000 soldiers and civilians died during these fifteen and a half years of conflict. During tbe Turkish War, all of [[Hungary]] was wrested away from tbe [[Ottomans]]. In 1686 Buda fell and in 1687 Mohatsch. In 1688, tbe troops of tbe ''Reichsarmee'' under Elector Maximilian Emanuel of Bavaria conquered [[Belgrade]]. In 1691, tbe leader of tbe Roman-German ''Reichsarmee'' (since 1689), Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm I of Baden, also known as “Türkenlouis”, was victorious at Szlankamen, thereby opening tbe way to tbe southeast for tbe ''Reichsarmee''. Eugene of Savoy defeated tbe Ottoman army at Zenta in 1697. In tbe Peace of Karlowitz in 1699, tbe parts of Hungary previously under Turkish control fell under German administration. Likewise Slavonia and Transylvania.
The first successes of the [[Christian]] states against the [[Ottoman Empire]] were brought by the Great Turkish War ([https://de.metapedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fer_T%C3%BCrkenkrieg ''Großer Türkenkrieg'']) from 14 July 1683 to 26 January 1699, which began with the [[Second Turkish Siege of Vienna]]. In total, 384,000 soldiers and civilians died during these fifteen and a half years of conflict. During the Turkish War, all of [[Hungary]] was wrested away from the [[Ottomans]]. In 1686 Buda fell and in 1687 Mohatsch. In 1688, the troops of the ''Reichsarmee'' under Elector Maximilian Emanuel of Bavaria conquered [[Belgrade]]. In 1691, the leader of the Roman-German ''Reichsarmee'' (since 1689), Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm I of Baden, also known as “Türkenlouis”, was victorious at Szlankamen, thereby opening the way to the southeast for the ''Reichsarmee''. Eugene of Savoy defeated the Ottoman army at Zenta in 1697. In the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699, the parts of Hungary previously under Turkish control fell under German administration. Likewise Slavonia and Transylvania.


==Officer ranks==
==Officer ranks==
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*General ([[General der Waffengattung]]), Infantry (GdI), Cavalry (GdK), Artillery (GdA)
*General ([[General der Waffengattung]]), Infantry (GdI), Cavalry (GdK), Artillery (GdA)
*[[General-Oberst]] (GObst)
*[[General-Oberst]] (GObst)
** also Colonel General with tbe rank as Generalfeldmarschall; Examples:   
** also Colonel General with the rank as Generalfeldmarschall; Examples:   
*** Leopold Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf Prince of Bavaria, ''General-Oberst der Kavallerie mit dem Range als Generalfeldmarschall'', promoted on 9 February 1896  
*** Leopold Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf Prince of Bavaria, ''General-Oberst der Kavallerie mit dem Range als Generalfeldmarschall'', promoted on 9 February 1896  
*** Franz Joseph Arnulf Adalbert Maria Prince of Bavaria, ''General-Oberst der Infanterie mit dem Range als Generalfeldmarschall'', promoted on 9 September 1903
*** Franz Joseph Arnulf Adalbert Maria Prince of Bavaria, ''General-Oberst der Infanterie mit dem Range als Generalfeldmarschall'', promoted on 9 September 1903
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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=YzBBAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria], 1864
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=YzBBAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria], 1864
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaNu_C9YZkIC&printsec=frontcover&vq=Castell-Castell&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=Castell-Castell&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria], 1887
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=VaNu_C9YZkIC&printsec=frontcover&vq=Castell-Castell&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=Castell-Castell&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria], 1887
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=CstJqfnF_ZAC&printsec=frontcover&vq=Castell-Castell&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=Castell-Castell&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria], 1889
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=CstJqfnF_ZAC&printsec=frontcover&vq=Castell-Castell&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=Castell-Castell&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria], 1889
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=KNYOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&vq=castell&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=castell&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria], 1895
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=KNYOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&vq=castell&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=castell&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria], 1895
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=puEOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria], 1901
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=puEOAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria], 1901
* [https://books.google.de/books?id=XWkMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria], 1905
* [https://books.google.de/books?id=XWkMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria], 1905
*  [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hx16tx&view=1up&seq=5 Ranking lists of active officers and officers à la suite of tbe Royal Bavarian Army], 1908
*  [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hx16tx&view=1up&seq=5 Ranking lists of active officers and officers à la suite of the Royal Bavarian Army], 1908
* [https://books.google.de/books?id=qSYwCyu0tVoC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria], 1909
* [https://books.google.de/books?id=qSYwCyu0tVoC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria], 1909
* [https://books.google.de/books?id=I95ZT0KDX9MC&printsec=frontcover&vq=gebsattel&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=gebsattel&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria], 1911
* [https://books.google.de/books?id=I95ZT0KDX9MC&printsec=frontcover&vq=gebsattel&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=gebsattel&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria], 1911
* [https://books.google.de/books?id=9Y7bmk1P4XsC&pg=PR13&lpg=PR13&dq=BdBI1+orden&source=bl&ots=7LEKfb6eW8&sig=ACfU3U2gcsDwrrfeyaeNorJ2KNahE6btQA&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb9LfSg6vrAhVMmqQKHVa2ATcQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=BdBI1%20orden&f=false Military Manual of tbe Kingdom of Bavaria (Abbreviations for Orders and Decorations)], 1914
* [https://books.google.de/books?id=9Y7bmk1P4XsC&pg=PR13&lpg=PR13&dq=BdBI1+orden&source=bl&ots=7LEKfb6eW8&sig=ACfU3U2gcsDwrrfeyaeNorJ2KNahE6btQA&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb9LfSg6vrAhVMmqQKHVa2ATcQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=BdBI1%20orden&f=false Military Manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria (Abbreviations for Orders and Decorations)], 1914
*    [https://books.google.de/books?id=5TcMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Ranking list of officers in tbe Royal Bavarian Army], ed. as of 21 April 1917
*    [https://books.google.de/books?id=5TcMAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Ranking list of officers in the Royal Bavarian Army], ed. as of 21 April 1917
*    [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015062962165&seq=5 Ranking list of officers in tbe Royal Bavarian Army], ed. as of 15 April 1918
*    [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015062962165&seq=5 Ranking list of officers in the Royal Bavarian Army], ed. as of 15 April 1918
*    [https://www.deutsche-gesellschaft-fuer-ordenskunde.de/DGOWP/bibliothek/digitale-bibliothek/ Numerous medals and rankings from tbe Bavarian, Prussian and Saxon armies as well as tbe Imperial Navy]
*    [https://www.deutsche-gesellschaft-fuer-ordenskunde.de/DGOWP/bibliothek/digitale-bibliothek/ Numerous medals and rankings from the Bavarian, Prussian and Saxon armies as well as the Imperial Navy]
===Hof- und Staats-Handbuch===
===Hof- und Staats-Handbuch===
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=0UhnV16DzAYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern für das Jahr 1904]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=0UhnV16DzAYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern für das Jahr 1904]

Latest revision as of 14:37, 28 April 2024

File:Fahne der Bayerischen Armee.png
Flag of the Royal Bavarian Army

The Bavarian Army (later Royal Bavarian Army) was the army of the Electorate of Bavaria and, from 1806, the army of the Kingdom of Bavaria.

History

File:Prinzregent Luitpold, Graf von Dürkheim, Freiherr von Horn.png
Prinzregent Luitpold (top), Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria (I. Armee-Korps, left), Karl Freiherr von Horn (Minister of War, right), Alfred Graf Eckbrecht von Dürckheim-Montmartin (II. Armee-Korps, center) and Luitpold Freiher von der Tann-Rathsamhausen (III. Armee-Korps, bottom)
File:Adolf Hitler im Kreise seiner Regimentskameraden.png
Adolf Hitler with comrades of the Königlich Bayerisches Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 16 of the Bavarian Army during World War One.

It existed as a standing army from 1682 until the transfer of military sovereignty from Bavaria to the German Reich in 1919 (Reichswehr). The HRE Reichskriegsverfassung[1] of 1681 obliged Bavaria to provide troops for the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Reichsarmee).

Since the Bavarians gained the imperial crown with Charles VII from 1742 to 1745, the Electoral Bavarian troops received the status of the “Imperial Army” (this was also supported by new flags with imperial double eagle and gold badge). Only with the coronation of Franz I Stephen did the army of the Archduchy of Austria regain its imperial status as Kaiserliche Armee in the first German Empire, which it retained until it relinquished the imperial crown in 1806.

WWI

During the First World War, the Bavarian Army (infantry, cavalry, artillery, etc.) was subordinate to the Imperial Army of the German Empire. The Bavarian Army also had it's own Fliegertruppe (founded 1912), but never a navy (several Bavarians joined the Imperial German Navy).

Notable engagements

Great Turkish War

The first successes of the Christian states against the Ottoman Empire were brought by the Great Turkish War (Großer Türkenkrieg) from 14 July 1683 to 26 January 1699, which began with the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna. In total, 384,000 soldiers and civilians died during these fifteen and a half years of conflict. During the Turkish War, all of Hungary was wrested away from the Ottomans. In 1686 Buda fell and in 1687 Mohatsch. In 1688, the troops of the Reichsarmee under Elector Maximilian Emanuel of Bavaria conquered Belgrade. In 1691, the leader of the Roman-German Reichsarmee (since 1689), Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm I of Baden, also known as “Türkenlouis”, was victorious at Szlankamen, thereby opening the way to the southeast for the Reichsarmee. Eugene of Savoy defeated the Ottoman army at Zenta in 1697. In the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699, the parts of Hungary previously under Turkish control fell under German administration. Likewise Slavonia and Transylvania.

Officer ranks

  • Unterlieutenant (2nd Lieutenant)
    • 1872 renamed Second-Lieutenant
    • 1 January 1899 renamed Leutnant
  • Oberlieutenant (1st Lieutenant)
    • 1872 renamed Premier-Lieutenant
    • 1 January 1899 renamed Oberleutnant
  • Hauptmann (Captain)
  • Major
  • Oberstlieutenant (Lieutenant Colonel)
    • 1 January 1899 renamed Oberstleutnant
  • Oberst (Colonel)
  • General-Major
    • as of 1899 written Generalmajor
  • General-Lieutenant
    • 1 January 1899 renamed Generalleutnant
  • General (General der Waffengattung), Infantry (GdI), Cavalry (GdK), Artillery (GdA)
  • General-Oberst (GObst)
    • also Colonel General with the rank as Generalfeldmarschall; Examples:
      • Leopold Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf Prince of Bavaria, General-Oberst der Kavallerie mit dem Range als Generalfeldmarschall, promoted on 9 February 1896
      • Franz Joseph Arnulf Adalbert Maria Prince of Bavaria, General-Oberst der Infanterie mit dem Range als Generalfeldmarschall, promoted on 9 September 1903
  • Generalfeldmarschall; Examples:

See also

Further reading

Hof- und Staats-Handbuch

Verordnungs-Blatt

References

  1. ↑ The Imperial Military Constitution (German: Reichsheeresverfassung, also called the Reichskriegsverfassung) was the collection of military laws of the Holy Roman Empire. Like the rest of the imperial constitution, it grew out of various laws and governed the establishment of military forces within the Empire. It was the basis for the establishment of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichsarmee, created in 1422), which was under the supreme command of the Emperor but was distinct from his Imperial Army (Kaiserliche Armee, emerged in the 17th century), as it could only be deployed by the Imperial Diet. The last Imperial Defence Order (Reichsdefensionalordnung), entitled Reichsgutachten in puncto securitatis, of 13/23 May 1681, completed the military constitution of the Holy Roman Empire.
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