British Nationalist Party: Difference between revisions
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| foundation = 1982 | | foundation = 1982 | ||
| ideology = | | ideology = | ||
*[[Fascism]]<ref name="bnpelection2004" /><ref name="informaworld.com">{{Cite journal |last=Copsey |first=Nigel |year=2007 |title=Changing course or changing clothes? Reflections on | *[[Fascism]]<ref name="bnpelection2004" /><ref name="informaworld.com">{{Cite journal |last=Copsey |first=Nigel |year=2007 |title=Changing course or changing clothes? Reflections on the ideological evolution of the British National Party 1999–2006 |journal=[[Patterns of Prejudice]] |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=61–82 |doi=10.1080/00313220601118777 |s2cid=145737620}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Copsey|2004}}</ref><ref name="bnplondonbomb">{{harvnb|Wood|Finlay|2008}}</ref> | ||
| headquarters = PO Box 213<br />Wigton<br />Cumbria<br />CA7 7AL<ref>{{Cite web |title=View registration: British National Party |url=http://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/English/Registrations/PP3960 |publisher=[[The Electoral Commission]]}}</ref> | | headquarters = PO Box 213<br />Wigton<br />Cumbria<br />CA7 7AL<ref>{{Cite web |title=View registration: British National Party |url=http://search.electoralcommission.org.uk/English/Registrations/PP3960 |publisher=[[The Electoral Commission]]}}</ref> | ||
| international = | | international = | ||
| website = bnp.org.uk | | website = bnp.org.uk | ||
| country = | | country = the United Kingdom | ||
| name_native = | | name_native = | ||
| founder = John Tyndall | | founder = John Tyndall | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
| europarl = | | europarl = | ||
| colours = {{Color box|#CE2029|border=silver}} Red {{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=silver}} White {{Color box|#000080|border=silver}} Blue}} | | colours = {{Color box|#CE2029|border=silver}} Red {{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=silver}} White {{Color box|#000080|border=silver}} Blue}} | ||
The '''British National Party''' ('''BNP''') is a [[Fascism|Fascist]] political party in | The '''British National Party''' ('''BNP''') is a [[Fascism|Fascist]] political party in the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in Wigton, Cumbria and is currently headed by Adam Walker. A minor party, it has no elected representatives at any level of the UKs Government. | ||
Founded in 1982, | Founded in 1982, the party reached its apex in the 2000s, when it had over fifty seats in Local Government, one seat on the London Assembly and two Members of the European Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British National Party|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/politics/legal-and-political-magazines/british-national-party |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> | ||
Taking its name from a defunct party of | Taking its name from a defunct party of the 1960s, the BNP was created by [[John Tyndall]] and other former members of the Fascist [[National Front]]. During the 1980s and 1990s, the BNP placed little emphasis on contesting elections, in which it did poorly - instead, it focused on street marches and rallies, creating the organizations "[[Blood and Honour]]" and "[[Combat 18]]" . | ||
A growing modernist faction was frustrated by Tyndall's leadership leading to his loss in | A growing modernist faction was frustrated by Tyndall's leadership leading to his loss in the 1999 party election. The new leader [[Nick Griffin]] sought to broaden the BNP's electoral base by presenting a more moderate image, targeting concerns about rising immigration rates and emphasising localised community campaigns. This resulted in increased electoral growth throughout the 2000s, to the extent that it became the most electorally successful Fascist party in British history. | ||
== Ideology == | == Ideology == | ||
[[File:Flag of | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.png|thumb|right|The BNP uses the iconography of the Union flag prominently on its published material.]] | ||
Various political scientists and historians have described | Various political scientists and historians have described the BNP as being [[fascism|Fascist]] in ideology.<ref name="bnpelection2004">{{Cite journal |last=Renton |first=David |date=1 March 2005 |title='A day to make history'? The 2004 elections and the British National Party |journal=[[Patterns of Prejudice]] |volume=1 |issue=39 |page=25 |doi=10.1080/00313220500045170 |s2cid=144972650}}</ref><ref name="thurlow2000">{{harvnb|Thurlow|2000}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Copsey |first=Nigel |date=December 1994 |title=Fascism: the ideology of the British National Party |journal=[[Politics (academic journal)|Politics]] |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=101–108 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9256.1994.tb00008.x |s2cid=143846602}}<br />.<br />- {{Cite news |last=Doward |first=Jamie |date=24 August 2003 |title=Expelled BNP founder plans court battle |work=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/aug/24/uk.thefarright |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827060932/http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/aug/24/uk.thefarright |archive-date=27 August 2013}}<br />- {{harvnb|Ignazi|2003}}<br />- {{Cite news |date=15 October 2009 |title=The BNP on Question Time is the wrong party on the wrong programme |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/oct/15/bnp-question-time-bbc-griffin |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5khLyJViZ?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/oct/15/bnp-question-time-bbc-griffin |archive-date=21 October 2009}}<br />- {{Cite news |date=31 May 2009 |title=David Cameron attacks 'fascist' BNP |work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mps-expenses/5395358/David-Cameron-attacks-fascist-BNP.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812041659/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mps-expenses/5395358/David-Cameron-attacks-fascist-BNP.html |archive-date=12 August 2013}}<br />- {{Cite news |last=Travis |first=Alan |date=16 October 2009 |title=Alan Johnson says BBC should bar 'foul' BNP from Question Time |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2009/oct/16/alan-johnson-bnp-question-time |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2016 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5khMe4g5o?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/blog/2009/oct/16/alan-johnson-bnp-question-time |archive-date=21 October 2009}}</ref> Others have instead described it as [[neo-fascism|Neo-Fascist]], a term which the historian Nigel Copsey argued was more exact. Academic observers — including the historians Graham Macklin and [[Roger Griffin]], the political theologian Andrew P. Davey—have argued that Nick Griffin's reforms were little more than a cosmetic process to obfuscate the party's[[fascist]]roots.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Copsey |first=Nigel |date=February 2007 |title=Changing course or changing clothes? Reflections on the ideological evolution of the British National Party 1999–2006 |journal=Patterns of Prejudice |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=61–82 |doi=10.1080/00313220601118777 |s2cid=145737620}}<br />- {{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=Geraint O. |date=May 2012 |title=A comparative discourse analysis of the construction of 'in-groups' in the 2005 and 2010 Manifestos of the British National Party |url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/43917/1/WRRO_43917.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Discourse & Society]] |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=245–258 |doi=10.1177/0957926511433477 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529163950/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/43917/1/WRRO_43917.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2014 |access-date=29 May 2014 |s2cid=145395375}} <br />- {{Cite journal |last=Rhodes |first=James |date=May 2009 |title=The Banal National Party: the routine nature of legitimacy |journal=Patterns of Prejudice |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=142–160 |doi=10.1080/00313220902793898 |s2cid=144304296}}<br />- {{harvnb|Gottlieb|Linehan|2004|pp=70–71}}</ref> According to Copsey, under Griffin the BNP was "fascism recalibrated – a form of Fascism to suit contemporary sensibilities". Macklin noted that despite Griffin's modernisation project, the BNP retained its ideological continuity with earlier Fascist groups and thus had not transformed itself into a genuinely "post-Fascist" party. | ||
The party employed militaristic rhetoric under both Tyndall and Griffin's leadership; under | The party employed militaristic rhetoric under both Tyndall and Griffin's leadership; under the latter for example its published material spoke of a "war without uniforms" and a "war for our survival as a people", calling it a "guerrilla army operating in occupied territory". | ||
[[Category:Groups]] | [[Category:Groups]] | ||
[[Category:Political Parties]] | [[Category:Political Parties]] | ||
Revision as of 20:22, 20 November 2022
| British National Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Founder | John Tyndall | ||
| Country | the United Kingdom | ||
| Headquarters | PO Box 213 Wigton Cumbria CA7 7AL[1] | ||
| Newspaper | Identity | ||
| Colours | Red White Blue | ||
| Website | bnp.org.uk | ||
The British National Party (BNP) is a Fascist political party in the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in Wigton, Cumbria and is currently headed by Adam Walker. A minor party, it has no elected representatives at any level of the UKs Government.
Founded in 1982, the party reached its apex in the 2000s, when it had over fifty seats in Local Government, one seat on the London Assembly and two Members of the European Parliament.[2]
Taking its name from a defunct party of the 1960s, the BNP was created by John Tyndall and other former members of the Fascist National Front. During the 1980s and 1990s, the BNP placed little emphasis on contesting elections, in which it did poorly - instead, it focused on street marches and rallies, creating the organizations "Blood and Honour" and "Combat 18" .
A growing modernist faction was frustrated by Tyndall's leadership leading to his loss in the 1999 party election. The new leader Nick Griffin sought to broaden the BNP's electoral base by presenting a more moderate image, targeting concerns about rising immigration rates and emphasising localised community campaigns. This resulted in increased electoral growth throughout the 2000s, to the extent that it became the most electorally successful Fascist party in British history.
Ideology
Various political scientists and historians have described the BNP as being Fascist in ideology.[3][4][5] Others have instead described it as Neo-Fascist, a term which the historian Nigel Copsey argued was more exact. Academic observers — including the historians Graham Macklin and Roger Griffin, the political theologian Andrew P. Davey—have argued that Nick Griffin's reforms were little more than a cosmetic process to obfuscate the party'sfascistroots.[6] According to Copsey, under Griffin the BNP was "fascism recalibrated – a form of Fascism to suit contemporary sensibilities". Macklin noted that despite Griffin's modernisation project, the BNP retained its ideological continuity with earlier Fascist groups and thus had not transformed itself into a genuinely "post-Fascist" party.
The party employed militaristic rhetoric under both Tyndall and Griffin's leadership; under the latter for example its published material spoke of a "war without uniforms" and a "war for our survival as a people", calling it a "guerrilla army operating in occupied territory".
- ↑ View registration: British National Party. The Electoral Commission.
- ↑ British National Party.
- ↑ Renton, David (1 March 2005). "'A day to make history'? The 2004 elections and the British National Party". Patterns of Prejudice 1 (39): 25. doi:10.1080/00313220500045170.
- ↑ Thurlow 2000
- ↑ Copsey, Nigel (December 1994). "Fascism: the ideology of the British National Party". Politics 14 (3): 101–108. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9256.1994.tb00008.x.
.
- broken cite news
- Ignazi 2003
- broken cite news
- broken cite news
- broken cite news - ↑ Copsey, Nigel (February 2007). "Changing course or changing clothes? Reflections on the ideological evolution of the British National Party 1999–2006". Patterns of Prejudice 41 (1): 61–82. doi:10.1080/00313220601118777.
- Edwards, Geraint O. (May 2012). "A comparative discourse analysis of the construction of 'in-groups' in the 2005 and 2010 Manifestos of the British National Party". Discourse & Society 23 (3): 245–258. doi:10.1177/0957926511433477. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/43917/1/WRRO_43917.pdf. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
- Rhodes, James (May 2009). "The Banal National Party: the routine nature of legitimacy". Patterns of Prejudice 43 (2): 142–160. doi:10.1080/00313220902793898.
- Gottlieb & Linehan 2004, pp. 70–71