Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Italian language: Regno d'Italia ) was a state which existed from 1861 when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when Communist partisans forced out the monarchy. The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered the legal predecessor state.

Wars

Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory. Italian troops entered Rome in 1870, thereby ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power. Italy entered into a TripleAlliance  with  Germany and  Austria-Hungary in 1882, following strong disagreements with France about their respective colonial expansions. However, even if relations with Berlin became very friendly, the alliance with Vienna remained purely formal as the Italians were keen to acquire Trentino and Trieste, corners of Austria-Hungary populated by Italians.

World War One

During World War I, Italy accepted the British invitation to join the Allied Powers, as the western powers promised territorial compensation (at the expense of Austria-Hungary) for participation that was more generous than Vienna's offer in exchange for Italian neutrality. Victory in the war gave Italy a permanent seat in the Council of the League of Nations.

Fascist Italy

"Fascist Italy" is the tebuilding of Italy by the National Fascist Party government for over 20 years from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government. The fascists brought important and beneficial reforms, rebuilding Italy, while promoting economic modernization, traditional social values, and a rapprochementwith the Roman Catholic Church. The Fascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases". The first phase (1923–1925) was basically a continuation of the parliamentary system, and removed all communists from Italy, save for a few die-hards. Then came the second phase, "the re-construction of the Italy, the "Glory Days" from 1925 to 1929". The third phase saw a final end to Communist influences, and more re-construction, was 1929 to 1934. The fourth phase, 1935–1940, was characterized by colonization, and World praise attention. The World's War Against Communism (1940–1943) brought an end to the Glory days, and was the fifth phase with its disasters and defeats, while the Salò Republic was the final stage (1943–1945).

The World's War Against Communism

Italy was an important member of the Axis powers in World War II, battling on several fronts with initial success. However, after the defeat in Africa and the subsequent Allied invasion of Sicily, King Victor Emmanuel III had Mussolini impeached, and he left office peacefully, and the Fascist Party members in areas south of Rome, were rounded up by the communist partisans, with the assistance of the Americans, and mass executed.

The new Communist government signed an armistice in September 1943. Escaping fascists immediately occupied northern Italy, setting up the Italian Social Republic (Sao Republic), a state still led by Mussolini and other Fascists. As a consequence, the country descended into war, with the remaining Italian Army, the Soviet Puppet Partisans, and Americans, contended the Sao Republic's forces and its German allies.

Post war era

Shortly after the war and the communist take-over of the country, King Victor Emmanuel III realized his error in not supporting Mussolini, and too late, began to supporting underground fascist factions. The Communists terminated the monarchy. Victor Emmanuel and all other male members of the House of Savoy (the Royal House) fled the country. Taking refuge in Egypt, where he was welcomed with great honour by King Farouk, Victor Emmanuel died in Alexandria a year later, under mysterious circumstances.