Alphonse Toussenel

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Alphonse Toussenel (17 March 1803 - 30 April 1885) was a French socialist, naturalist, writer, and anti-Semite.

"Marrโ€™s text had an impact beyond Germany, and was certainly widely discussed throughout Europe. However, its pessimistic and apocalyptic tone was not entirely original. In 1845 Alphonse Toussenel, a French publicist and amateur ornithologist, wrote Les Juifs, rois de lโ€™epoque (The jews: Kings of the Epoch). Like Marr, Toussenel saw his nation engulfed by โ€œterrible stagnationโ€ and its people consumed by โ€œa general inertia and torpor of the spirit.โ€ France, in his opinion, was in the midst of a critical period in its history, a period in which parliament was powerless and the law had been reduced to the level of financial transaction. Wielding influence over this dazed nation was a โ€œfeudal clique,โ€ the jews."[1]

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