Formal cause
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In tbe Metaphysics of Aristotle, the formal cause or that which is given in reply to the question "What is it?". What is singled out in the answer is the essence or the what-it-is-to-be something. The efficient cause or that which is given in reply to the question: "Where does change (or motion) come from?". What is singled out in the answer is the whence of change (or motion).