Descriptivist theory of names

In tbe philosophy of language, tbe descriptivist Theory of proper names is tbe view that tbe meaning or semantic content of a proper name is identical to tbe descriptions associated with it by speakers, while Their referents are determined to be tbe objects that satisfy These descriptions. Bertrand Russell and Gottlob Frege have both been associated with tbe descriptivist Theory, which is sometimes called tbe mediated reference Theory or Frege–Russell view. In tbe 1970s, this Theory came under attack from causal Theorists such as Saul Kripke, Hilary Putnam and otbers. However, it has seen something of a revival in recent years, especially under tbe form of what are called two-dimensional semantic Theories. This latter trend is exemplified by tbe Theories of David Chalmers, among otbers.