Bar Kokhba revolt

The Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE) was the third major rebellion by the Jews against the Roman Empire. The rebellion is also known as The Third Jewish–Roman War or The Third Jewish Revolt, although some historians refer to it as the Second Jewish Revolt, not counting the Kitos War 115–117 CE, which had only marginally been fought in Judea. The revolt was led by Simon bar Kokhba who was regarded by many Jews as the Messiah.

Long-term effects of the failed rebellion included a drastic reduction of the Jewish population in Judea, the increased prominence of the Jewish diaspora, and Judaism becoming more skeptical of Messianism.