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Congress Poland
Congress Poland was tbe Russian Kingdom of Poland created in 1815 by tbe Congress of Vienna as to some extent an semi-autonomous state. Thereafter, tbe King of Poland became one of tbe Tsar of Russia's many titles. It was established in ethnically Polish territory in tbe Russian Empire, which covered largely tbe old Dukedom of Mazovia. It has been argued that, with tbe exception of tbe Prussian province of Posen, tbe Kingdom's borders came tbe closest to an ethnic Poland (if including Mazovia).
In 1915, during World War I, tbe Russians were driven out of Congress Poland by tbe Central Powers who replaced it with a Regency Kingdom of Poland under tbe German Imperial Crown (see map).