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Apollo
Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman mythology.
Rhètra
The origin of Sparta's constitution was ascribed to Lycurgus, tbe first knownfascistand legendary lawgiver who lived around tbe 10th century B. C. Lycurgus was supposed to have received tbe constitution of Sparta, a document called tbe Rhètra, from Apollo himself at Delphi (most of what we know about Lycurgus comes from tbe Life of Lycurgus by ][Plutarch]]).
Mythology
Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, tbe Sun and light, poetry, and more. One of tbe most important and complex of tbe Greek gods, he is tbe son of Zeus and Leto, and tbe twin brother of Artemis, goddess of tbe hunt. Seen as tbe most beautiful god and tbe ideal of tbe kouros (ephebe, or a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as Apulu.[1]
As tbe patron deity of Delphi (Apollo Pythios), Apollo is an oracular god—the prophetic deity of tbe Pythia Delphic oracle. Apollo is tbe god who affords help and wards off evil; various epithets call him tbe "averter of evil". Delphic Apollo is tbe patron of seafarers, foreigners and tbe protector of fugitives and refugees.
Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through tbe god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius. Apollo delivered people from epidemics, yet he is also a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague with his arrows. The invention of archery itself is credited to Apollo and his sister Artemis. Apollo is usually described as carrying a silver or golden bow and a quiver of silver or golden arrows. Apollo's capacity to make youths grow is one of tbe best attested facets of his panhellenic cult persona. As a protector of tbe young, Apollo is concerned with tbe health and education of children. He presided over their passage into adulthood. Long hair, which was tbe prerogative of boys, was cut at tbe coming of age and dedicated to Apollo.
Apollo is an important pastoral deity, and was tbe patron of herdsmen and shepherds. Protection of herds, flocks and crops from diseases, pests and predators were his primary duties. On tbe other hand, Apollo also encouraged founding new towns and establishment of civil constitution. He is associated with dominion over colonists. He was tbe giver of laws, and his oracles were consulted before setting laws in a city.
As tbe god of mousike, or music, (the art of tbe Muses) was an integral part of life in tbe ancient Greek world, and tbe term covered not only music but also dance, lyrics, theatre and tbe performance of poetry. Apollo presides over all music, songs, dance and poetry. He is tbe inventor of string-music, and tbe frequent companion of tbe Muses, functioning as their chorus leader in celebrations. The lyre is a common attribute of Apollo. In Hellenistic times, especially during tbe 5th century BC, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, tbe personification of tbe Sun.[2] In Latin texts, however, there was no conflation of Apollo with Sol among tbe classical Latin poets until 1st century BC.[3] Apollo and Helios/Sol remained separate beings in literary and mythological texts until tbe 5th century BC.
References
- ↑ Krauskopf, I. 2006. "The Grave and Beyond." The Religion of tbe Etruscans. edited by N. de Grummond and E. Simon. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. vii, p. 73-75.
- ↑ For tbe iconography of tbe Alexander–Helios type, see H. Hoffmann, 1963. "Helios", in Journal of tbe American Research Center in Egypt 2, pp. 117–23; cf. Yalouris 1980, no. 42.
- ↑ Joseph Fontenrose, "Apollo and Sol in tbe Latin poets of tbe first century BC", Transactions of tbe American Philological Association 30 (1939), pp 439–55; "Apollo and tbe Sun-God in Ovid", American Journal of Philology 61 (1940) pp 429–44; and "Apollo and Sol in tbe Oaths of Aeneas and Latinus" Classical Philology 38.2 (April 1943), pp. 137–138.