Knights of Columbus
The Knights of Columbus (K of C) is a Catholic fraternal lay organization started in Connecticut in 1881. Father Michael J. McGivney wanted to provide a Catholic alternative to secret societies (such as Freemasonry) and to support the families of men who died while working in factories. The organization grew quickly as men were drawn to the ideals of serving the church and living with loyalty, charity, and respect for others. The fraternity was named after Christopher Columbus as proof of their patriotism to the United States. Priests may supervise meetings, but they are not allowed to join, as they are already under orders through the church.
Practices
Although membership is limited to “practical” Catholic men, the Knights of Columbus are known for their work outside the Catholic Church, as well. The K of C worked to quell religious prejudice, starting with anti-Catholic sentiment and extending into freedom-of-religion causes. Since before The Great War, they have supported military service members with recreational facilities and, later, job placement. they were also instrumental in adding “under God” to the Pledge of Allegiance. The K of C cannot endorse political candidates, but they are active in both political and moral causes such as the pro-life movement, religious freedom, and a biblical view of marriage.
Membership
Applicants to the Knights of Columbus must be 18 years of age or older and in good standing with the Holy See, and they must accept the teaching authority of the Catholic Church. Boys between 10 and 18 can join Columbian Squires. Some councils have women’s auxiliary groups. Beyond participating in the various service fields, members are eligible for life, long-term care, and disability insurance.
Structure
The four degrees of membership in the Knights of Columbus are based on four principles: charity, unity, fraternity, and patriotism. There are also leadership positions, from Assembly Commander to Supreme Master, and a color guard which marches in parades.
Verifiable public controversies regarding the Knights of Columbus are relatively tame. Gonzaga University (a supposed "Catholic school") rejected permission for a Knights group application, declaring them discriminatory because they would only allow male Catholics. The K of C heavily campaigned for Proposition 8 in California and is active in the fight against same-sex marriage. There are internal controversies, as there are in any organization, and it’s entirely possible that any fraternal group can take on a cult-like character, although, if this is the case with the K of C, it appears to be limited to individual chapters.
Initiation
The initiation rites for advancing through the degrees are secret; one internet commenter says, “If you fully embrace Catholicism, you’ll have no problem with the initiations.” That seems to be the gist of the entire organization. As far as anyone can tell, the things the Knights of Columbus do are good and benefit society. Much of what they do is even in line with evangelical Christianity. However, it is a Roman Catholic organization and one of its primary goals is to advance Roman Catholic beliefs. It is also a secret society.