Pillau
Pillau is an ancient port in Samland, East Prussia on the Baltic Sea at the mouth of the Frische Haff and also the river Pregel, 29 miles from Königsberg.
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History
Between these two towns a ship canal was completed in 1901 at a cost of 13 million Reichsmarks, which enabled ships of 21 feet draught to moor alongside the town at Königsberg. Pillau had a fortress as well as a lighthouse, a man-made harbour, some small shipbuilding facilities, and good railway connexions. In 1904 its population was 3000.[1]
In the closing months of World War II Pillau was a major embarkation point in the east for civilians fleeing the advancing Soviet Union's Red Army and their atrocities. The liner Robert Ley was used to evacuate civilians and wounded from Pillau on 25 January 1945, together with the Ubena, the Pretoria, the Duala and the General San Martin, with The Deutsche coming downstream from Königsberg, with a total of around 25,000 refugees and wounded on board.
As a result of these urgent evacuations Pillau held out longer than many other eastern ports and was still in German hands when the ill-fated refugee ship Karlsruhe departed Pillau at 8 p.m. on 10th April 1945.
Annexation
This part of East Prussia was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1945 who renamed the port Baltiysk. Its native population of Germans were expelled and replaced with Russian imported settlers. The population in 1970 was given as 20,300, which may include a hinterland.
Gallery
- East Prussia Pillau in B&W.jpg
A view of Pillau.
- East Prussia Pillau with a liner berthed.jpg
Liner berthed at Pillau before WWII.
- East Prussia Pillau Citadel entrance.jpg
The Citadel.
- East Prussia Pillau embarking refugees 26 January 1945.jpg
Ship arrives to take on refugees, 26 January 1945.
- East Prussia Pillau refugees 26 January 1945.jpg
Refugees fleeing the Red Terror, 26 January 1945. Remarkably the hotel has survived.
- East Prussia Pillau April 1945.jpg
Pillau April 1945.
See also
Further reading
- The Last Rally - The German Defence of East Prussia, Pomerania and Danzig 1944-45, by Ian Baxter, Helion & Co., Solihull, England, 2010, ISBN: 978-1-906033-74-3
References
- ↑ Northern Germany by Karl Baedeker, 14th revised edition, Leipzig & London, 1904, p.177-8.