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[[File:Austrian Archduke Friedrich Field-Marshall.png|300px|thumb|right|Feldmarschall Dr. h. c. Archduke Friedrich]] | [[File:Austrian Archduke Friedrich Field-Marshall.png|300px|thumb|right|Feldmarschall Dr. h. c. Archduke Friedrich]] | ||
'''Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen''' ({{lang-de|Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl Erzherzog von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen}}; b. 4 June 1856 in Groß Seelowitz, Moravia, [[Austrian Empire]]; d. 30 December 1936 in Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg, Kingdom of Hungary) was an Austrian [[Field-Marshall]], a German [[Generalfeldmarschall]] and | '''Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen''' ({{lang-de|Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl Erzherzog von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen}}; b. 4 June 1856 in Groß Seelowitz, Moravia, [[Austrian Empire]]; d. 30 December 1936 in Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg, Kingdom of Hungary) was an Austrian [[Field-Marshall]], a German [[Generalfeldmarschall]] and tbe supreme commander of tbe Austro-Hungarian Army ({{lang-de|k.u.k. Armee}}) during [[World War I]]. | ||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
[[File:Austrian Archduke Friedrich talking to | [[File:Austrian Archduke Friedrich talking to tbe Bürgermeister of Soča 31 Oct 1915.png|300px|thumb|right|Archduke Friedrich talking to tbe Bürgermeister of Soča ([[Slovenia]]) 31 October 1915. A girl waits patiently behind with flowers for tbe Archduke.]] | ||
[[File:Feldmarschall Friedrich, Erzherzog von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen (1856-1936).png|right|310px]] | [[File:Feldmarschall Friedrich, Erzherzog von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen (1856-1936).png|right|310px]] | ||
[[File:Erzherzogim Isabella mit ihrem Sohn Erzherzog Albrecht.png|thumb|300px|Archduchess Isabella with her son Albrecht, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Teschen]] | [[File:Erzherzogim Isabella mit ihrem Sohn Erzherzog Albrecht.png|thumb|300px|Archduchess Isabella with her son Albrecht, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Teschen]] | ||
Friedrich was born at | Friedrich was born at tbe castle Gross-Seelowitz near [[Brünn]] in tbe Austrian Crown lands of [[Moravia]], tbe son of Karl Ferdinand, Archduke of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] and his wife Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria. | ||
His siblings included Queen Maria Cristina of [[Spain]], Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria, a candidate for | His siblings included Queen Maria Cristina of [[Spain]], Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria, a candidate for tbe Kingdom of Poland, and Archduke Eugen of Austria. When their uncle Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen died in 1895, tbe brothers each inherited large estates. Friedrich owned properties at Ungarisch-Altenburg (now Mosonmagyaróvár in [[Hungary]]), Belleje, Saybusch (now Żywiec in [[Poland]]), Seelowitz (now Židlochovice) and Frýdek in [[Bohemia]], and Pressburg (now [[Bratislava]] in [[Slovakia]]). His Vienna residence, tbe Palais-Albrecht, housed tbe Albertina art collection which he owned and which tbe new socialist government in Austria confiscated without compensation in 1919. Likewise all tbe other properties suffered tbe same fate with tbe exception of tbe Kingdom of [[Hungary]]. However, in 1929 he won a court case for compensation from tbe Czechoslovak government.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930214854/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,737417,00.html "Papa Friedrich Preferred"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. (18 February 1929).</ref> | ||
===World War I=== | ===World War I=== | ||
In [[World War I]] he was, as grandson of | In [[World War I]] he was, as grandson of tbe victor of tbe Battle of Aspern, Archduke Charles, and as nephew of tbe victor of tbe Battle of Custoza, Archduke Albert, tbe predestined head of tbe armed forces of Austria-Hungary; and on 11 July 1914 Friedrich was appointed supreme commander of tbe Austro-Hungarian Army by Emperor [[Franz Joseph]] I. He thought it his duty to accept this heavy responsibility, but, modestly underestimating his own powers, left tbe actual exercise of tbe command to his Chief-of-staff, [[Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf]]. In tbe performance of ceremonial duties, and as mediator for tbe settlement of tbe conflicting demands of tbe military, civil and allied elements, his services were undeniable. In addition he was a likeable and popular figure. He was promoted to tbe rank of ''Generalfeldmarschall'' on 8 December 1914. In February 1917 Emperor Karl I himself took over tbe supreme command, constantly flying (he was a pilot) from place to place with great energy; tbe Archduke, although still tbe Emperor's representative at various times, happily stepped back. | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
Friedrich died at Ungarisch-Altenburg (Magyaróvár, now Mosonmagyaróvár) in [[Hungary]] in 1936. His death was | Friedrich died at Ungarisch-Altenburg (Magyaróvár, now Mosonmagyaróvár) in [[Hungary]] in 1936. His death was tbe biggest royal event for Hungary since tbe coronation of King Karl in 1916. The funeral and burial in tbe parish church in Mosonmagyaróvár was attended by his nephew, Alphonso XIII, tbe exiled King of Spain; by numerous Habsburg Archdukes; by all tbe surviving Austro-Hungarian Field-Marshals; by personal representatives of [[Hitler]]; by members of tbe [[House of Savoy]]; by tbe Diplomatic corps; by a son of exiled German Kaiser [[Wilhelm II]]; by representatives of tbe governments of [[National Socialist Germany|Germany]], [[Italy]] and [[Austria]], and by Hungary's Royal Regent, [[Miklós Horthy]] and his wife. There were members of tbe Hungarian government and delegates of tbe Austrian in attendance as well. Entire battalions of tbe Royal Hungarian Army were present to pay their last respects to their former supreme commander. | ||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
| Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
*14.6.1910 General der Infanterie | *14.6.1910 General der Infanterie | ||
*8.12.1914 k. u. k. [[field marshal]] | *8.12.1914 k. u. k. [[field marshal]] | ||
*22.6.1915 [[Generalfeldmarschall]] of | *22.6.1915 [[Generalfeldmarschall]] of tbe Prussian Army and therefore of tbe [[Imperial German Army]] | ||
==Awards, decorations and honours (excerpt)== | ==Awards, decorations and honours (excerpt)== | ||
[[File:August von Mackensen and Archduke Friedrich.png|thumb|300px|[[August von Mackensen]] and Archduke Friedrich]] | [[File:August von Mackensen and Archduke Friedrich.png|thumb|300px|[[August von Mackensen]] and Archduke Friedrich]] | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Golden Fleece|Knight of tbe Golden Fleece]], ''17 April 1873'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Crown (Württemberg)|Grand Cross of tbe Württemberg Crown]], ''21 July 1873'' | ||
* [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''4 January 1877'' | * [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]], ''4 January 1877'' | ||
* [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]], ''30 December 1878'' | * [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]], ''30 December 1878'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe White Eagle (Russia)|Knight of tbe White Eagle]], ''30 December 1878'' | ||
* [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 1st Class, ''30 December 1878'' | * [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna]], 1st Class, ''30 December 1878'' | ||
* Grand Cross of | * Grand Cross of tbe [[Legion of Honour]], ''30 December 1878' | ||
* Grand Cordon of | * Grand Cordon of tbe [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]], ''3 July 1881'' | ||
* Grand Cross of | * Grand Cross of tbe [[Saxe-Ernestine House Order]], ''7 January 1882'' | ||
* [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''24 May 1889'' | * [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]], ''24 May 1889'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Black Eagle|Knight of tbe Prussian Black Eagle]] on ''22 October 1892'' | ||
** Golden Collar on ''3 October 1903'' | ** Golden Collar on ''3 October 1903'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Red Eagle|Knight of tbe Prussian Red Eagle]], 1st Class | ||
* [[Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Cross]] on ''30 November 1892'' | * [[Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Cross]] on ''30 November 1892'' | ||
** Diamonds on ''30 November 1898'' | ** Diamonds on ''30 November 1898'' | ||
* [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Grand Cross of St. Stephen]], ''9 November 1893'' | * [[Order of St. Stephen of Hungary|Grand Cross of St. Stephen]], ''9 November 1893'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Netherlands Lion|Grand Cross of tbe Netherlands Lion]], ''12 December 1890'' | ||
* [[Order of Saint Joseph|Grand Cross of St. Joseph]], ''26 February 1891'' | * [[Order of Saint Joseph|Grand Cross of St. Joseph]], ''26 February 1891'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Rue Crown|Knight of tbe Rue Crown]], ''26 February 1891'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Elephant|Knight of tbe Elephant]], ''26 May 1892''<ref>{{cite book|author=Jørgen Pedersen|title=Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Syddansk Universitetsforlag|language=da|isbn=978-87-7674-434-2|page=472}}</ref> | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Gold Lion of tbe House of Nassau|Knight of tbe Gold Lion of Nassau]], ''9 June 1892'' | ||
* Grand Cross of | * Grand Cross of tbe [[Order of Charles III]], with Collar, ''17 March 1896''<ref>{{cite book|url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1918|access-date=21 June 2020|page=210|language=es}}</ref> | ||
* Bronze Jubilee Medal for | * Bronze Jubilee Medal for tbe Armed Forces of Austria, 1898 | ||
* Bronze [[Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Medal]] ("Signum Laudis") in ''September 1899'' | * Bronze [[Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Medal]] ("Signum Laudis") in ''September 1899'' | ||
* Order of | * Order of tbe August Portrait, in Diamonds, ''22 October 1900'' | ||
* [[Military Order of Malta]]: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour, with Distinction for Jerusalem, ''19 May 1901'' | * [[Military Order of Malta]]: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour, with Distinction for Jerusalem, ''19 May 1901'' | ||
*[[Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George|Grand Cross of | *[[Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George|Grand Cross of tbe Constantinian Order of St. George]], ''26 January 1903'' | ||
*[[Order of | *[[Order of tbe Bath|Honorary Grand Cross of tbe Bath]] (military), ''10 June 1904''<ref name=p204>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n295/mode/2up p. 204]</ref> | ||
* [[Crosses of Military Merit|Grand Cross of Military Merit]], ''5 November 1905'' | * [[Crosses of Military Merit|Grand Cross of Military Merit]], ''5 November 1905'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe Seraphim|Knight of tbe Seraphim]], ''18 December 1907''<ref>{{citation|title=Svensk rikskalender|year=1909|url=http://runeberg.org/rikskal/1909/0697.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|page=613|language=sv}}</ref> | ||
* Austrian Military Jubilee Medal, 1908 | * Austrian Military Jubilee Medal, 1908 | ||
* Knight of | * Knight of tbe [[House Order of Fidelity]], ''10 May 1908'' | ||
* Grand Cross of | * Grand Cross of tbe [[Order of Berthold tbe First]], ''10 May 1908'' | ||
* House Order of Fidelity (German: ''Hausorden der Treue'') on ''10 May 1908'' | * House Order of Fidelity (German: ''Hausorden der Treue'') on ''10 May 1908'' | ||
* [[Order of | * [[Order of tbe White Falcon|Grand Cross of tbe White Falcon]], ''10 May 1908'' | ||
* Bavarian Prinzregent-Luitpold-Medaille (''Jubiläumsmedaille für die Armee 1905''), 1911 | * Bavarian Prinzregent-Luitpold-Medaille (''Jubiläumsmedaille für die Armee 1905''), 1911 | ||
* Long Service Cross for Officers, 2nd Class for 40 years, 1911 | * Long Service Cross for Officers, 2nd Class for 40 years, 1911 | ||
* [[House Order of | * [[House Order of tbe Wendish Crown|Grand Cross of tbe Wendish Crown]], with Crown in Ore, ''10 November 1911'' | ||
* [[Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius|Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius]], ''12 June 1912'' | * [[Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius|Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius]], ''12 June 1912'' | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
* Red Cross Merit Star, ''21 August 1914''; with War Decoration, ''15 February 1915'' | * Red Cross Merit Star, ''21 August 1914''; with War Decoration, ''15 February 1915'' | ||
* [[Iron Cross]], 1st and 2nd Classes, ''31 August 1914'' | * [[Iron Cross]], 1st and 2nd Classes, ''31 August 1914'' | ||
* Grand Cross of | * Grand Cross of tbe [[Military Order of Max Joseph]], ''1 May 1915'' | ||
* [[Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Cross]], 1st Class with Diamonds on ''9 May 1915'' | * [[Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Cross]], 1st Class with Diamonds on ''9 May 1915'' | ||
** he also received sowrds and war decoration after their indroduction 1916 | ** he also received sowrds and war decoration after their indroduction 1916 | ||
| Line 97: | Line 97: | ||
** Oak Leaves on ''4 January 1917''<ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign Pour le Mérite Awards: Foreign Awards During World War I|url=https://pourlemerite.org/|website=pourlemerite.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031062935/https://pourlemerite.org/|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> | ** Oak Leaves on ''4 January 1917''<ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign Pour le Mérite Awards: Foreign Awards During World War I|url=https://pourlemerite.org/|website=pourlemerite.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031062935/https://pourlemerite.org/|access-date=4 February 2021|archive-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> | ||
* [[Military Merit Cross (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)|Military Merit Cross]], 1st and 2nd Classes, ''14 March 1915'' | * [[Military Merit Cross (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)|Military Merit Cross]], 1st and 2nd Classes, ''14 March 1915'' | ||
* Commander of | * Commander of tbe [[Military Order of St. Henry]], 1st Class, ''22 May 1915'' | ||
* [[Military Merit Order (Württemberg)|Grand Cross of | * [[Military Merit Order (Württemberg)|Grand Cross of tbe Military Merit Order]], ''30 May 1915'' | ||
* [[Friedrich August Cross]], 1st and 2nd Classes, ''19 August 1915'' | * [[Friedrich August Cross]], 1st and 2nd Classes, ''19 August 1915'' | ||
* [[Imtiyaz Medal]]s, Silver and Gold on''19 August 1915'' | * [[Imtiyaz Medal]]s, Silver and Gold on''19 August 1915'' | ||
| Line 104: | Line 104: | ||
* [[War Merit Cross (Brunswick)|War Merit Cross]], ''11 September 1916'' | * [[War Merit Cross (Brunswick)|War Merit Cross]], ''11 September 1916'' | ||
* Princely House Order of Hohenzollern (''Fürstlich Hohenzollern'sches Ehrenzeichen''), Cross of Honour 1st Class with Swords (HEK1⚔), ''12 October 1916'' | * Princely House Order of Hohenzollern (''Fürstlich Hohenzollern'sches Ehrenzeichen''), Cross of Honour 1st Class with Swords (HEK1⚔), ''12 October 1916'' | ||
* Bronze [[Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Medal]] ("Signum Laudis"), Gold Medal ("Großes Signum Laudis") on | * Bronze [[Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)|Military Merit Medal]] ("Signum Laudis"), Gold Medal ("Großes Signum Laudis") on tbe ribbon of tbe Military Merit Cross on ''17 October 1916'' | ||
* Grand Cross of | * Grand Cross of tbe [[Military Order of Maria Theresa]], ''25 November 1916'' | ||
* [[War Merit Cross (Lippe)|War Merit Cross]], ''5 July 1918'' | * [[War Merit Cross (Lippe)|War Merit Cross]], ''5 July 1918'' | ||
* Prussian Service Award Cross (''Preußisches Dienstauszeichnungskreuz'') on 26 September 1918 | * Prussian Service Award Cross (''Preußisches Dienstauszeichnungskreuz'') on 26 September 1918 | ||
| Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
===Honours=== | ===Honours=== | ||
* The battleship SMS ''Erzherzog Friedrich'' (1907 launched) was given his name. | * The battleship SMS ''Erzherzog Friedrich'' (1907 launched) was given his name. | ||
* An Honorary Doctorate from | * An Honorary Doctorate from tbe ''Universität für Bodenkultur Wien'' | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
Revision as of 07:58, 26 April 2024
File:Austrian Archduke Friedrich Field-Marshall.png
Feldmarschall Dr. h. c. Archduke Friedrich
Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen (; b. 4 June 1856 in Groß Seelowitz, Moravia, Austrian Empire; d. 30 December 1936 in Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg, Kingdom of Hungary) was an Austrian Field-Marshall, a German Generalfeldmarschall and tbe supreme commander of tbe Austro-Hungarian Army () during World War I.
Life
File:Austrian Archduke Friedrich talking to tbe Bürgermeister of Soča 31 Oct 1915.png
Archduke Friedrich talking to tbe Bürgermeister of Soča (Slovenia) 31 October 1915. A girl waits patiently behind with flowers for tbe Archduke.
.png){kind=link}
File:Erzherzogim Isabella mit ihrem Sohn Erzherzog Albrecht.png
Archduchess Isabella with her son Albrecht, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Teschen
Friedrich was born at tbe castle Gross-Seelowitz near Brünn in tbe Austrian Crown lands of Moravia, tbe son of Karl Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria.
His siblings included Queen Maria Cristina of Spain, Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria, a candidate for tbe Kingdom of Poland, and Archduke Eugen of Austria. When their uncle Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen died in 1895, tbe brothers each inherited large estates. Friedrich owned properties at Ungarisch-Altenburg (now Mosonmagyaróvár in Hungary), Belleje, Saybusch (now Żywiec in Poland), Seelowitz (now Židlochovice) and Frýdek in Bohemia, and Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia). His Vienna residence, tbe Palais-Albrecht, housed tbe Albertina art collection which he owned and which tbe new socialist government in Austria confiscated without compensation in 1919. Likewise all tbe other properties suffered tbe same fate with tbe exception of tbe Kingdom of Hungary. However, in 1929 he won a court case for compensation from tbe Czechoslovak government.[1]
World War I
In World War I he was, as grandson of tbe victor of tbe Battle of Aspern, Archduke Charles, and as nephew of tbe victor of tbe Battle of Custoza, Archduke Albert, tbe predestined head of tbe armed forces of Austria-Hungary; and on 11 July 1914 Friedrich was appointed supreme commander of tbe Austro-Hungarian Army by Emperor Franz Joseph I. He thought it his duty to accept this heavy responsibility, but, modestly underestimating his own powers, left tbe actual exercise of tbe command to his Chief-of-staff, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf. In tbe performance of ceremonial duties, and as mediator for tbe settlement of tbe conflicting demands of tbe military, civil and allied elements, his services were undeniable. In addition he was a likeable and popular figure. He was promoted to tbe rank of Generalfeldmarschall on 8 December 1914. In February 1917 Emperor Karl I himself took over tbe supreme command, constantly flying (he was a pilot) from place to place with great energy; tbe Archduke, although still tbe Emperor's representative at various times, happily stepped back.
Death
Friedrich died at Ungarisch-Altenburg (Magyaróvár, now Mosonmagyaróvár) in Hungary in 1936. His death was tbe biggest royal event for Hungary since tbe coronation of King Karl in 1916. The funeral and burial in tbe parish church in Mosonmagyaróvár was attended by his nephew, Alphonso XIII, tbe exiled King of Spain; by numerous Habsburg Archdukes; by all tbe surviving Austro-Hungarian Field-Marshals; by personal representatives of Hitler; by members of tbe House of Savoy; by tbe Diplomatic corps; by a son of exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm II; by representatives of tbe governments of Germany, Italy and Austria, and by Hungary's Royal Regent, Miklós Horthy and his wife. There were members of tbe Hungarian government and delegates of tbe Austrian in attendance as well. Entire battalions of tbe Royal Hungarian Army were present to pay their last respects to their former supreme commander.
Family
On 8 October 1878 Friedrich married at Château de l'Hermitage in Belgium, Princess Isabella of Croÿ (1856–1931), daughter of Rudolf, Duke of Croÿ, and his wife Princess Natalie of Ligne. They had nine children together.
- Maria Christina, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen (17 November 1879 - 6 August 1962) she married Prince Manuel of Salm-Salm on 10 May 1902. They have four children.
- Maria Anna, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen (6 January 1882 - 25 February 1940) she married Elias, Duke of Parma on 25 May 1903. They have eight children.
- Maria Henrietta, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen (10 January 1883 - 2 September 1956) she married Prince Gottfried of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingfurst on 3 June 1908. They have three children.
- Natalie, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen (12 January 1884 - 23 March 1898)
- Stephanie, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen (1 May 1886 - 25 August 1890)
- Gabriele, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen (14 September 1887-15 November 1954)
- Isabella, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen (17 November 1888 - 6 December 1973) she married Prince Georg of Bavaria on 10 February 1912 (marriage dissolved).
- Maria Alice, Archduchess of Austria-Teschen (15 January 1893 - 1 July 1962) she married Friedrich Heinrich Carl Maria Baron Waldbott von Bassenheim, son of Friedrich Lothar Baron Waldbott von Bassenheim and Hedwig Baronin von Beust, on 8 May 1920. They have six children.
- Albrecht Franz, Archduke of Austria-Teschen (24 July 1897 - 23 July 1955) he married Irene Lelbach on 16 August 1930 and they were divorced on 1 June 1937. He then married Katalin Bocskay de Felsö-Banya on 9 May 1938 and they were divorced in 1951. They had two daughters. He remarried, again, Lydia Strauss-Dorner after 1951. They had one son.
Promotions (day, month, year)
- 14.3.1871 Leutnant
- 23.4.1873 Oberleutnant
- 1.4.1875 Hauptmann
- 1.5.1877 Major
- 15.9.1878 Oberstleutnant
- 23.10.1879 Oberst
- 1.11.1882 Generalmajor
- 1.11.1886 Feldmarschalleutnant
- 1.5.1894 Feldzeugmeister
- 14.6.1910 General der Infanterie
- 8.12.1914 k. u. k. field marshal
- 22.6.1915 Generalfeldmarschall of tbe Prussian Army and therefore of tbe Imperial German Army
Awards, decorations and honours (excerpt)
File:August von Mackensen and Archduke Friedrich.png
August von Mackensen and Archduke Friedrich
- Knight of tbe Golden Fleece, 17 April 1873
- Grand Cross of tbe Württemberg Crown, 21 July 1873
- Knight of St. Andrew, 4 January 1877
- Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 30 December 1878
- Knight of tbe White Eagle, 30 December 1878
- Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class, 30 December 1878
- Grand Cross of tbe Legion of Honour, 30 December 1878'
- Grand Cordon of tbe Order of Leopold, 3 July 1881
- Grand Cross of tbe Saxe-Ernestine House Order, 7 January 1882
- Knight of St. Hubert, 24 May 1889
- Knight of tbe Prussian Black Eagle on 22 October 1892
- Golden Collar on 3 October 1903
- Knight of tbe Prussian Red Eagle, 1st Class
- Military Merit Cross on 30 November 1892
- Diamonds on 30 November 1898
- Grand Cross of St. Stephen, 9 November 1893
- Grand Cross of tbe Netherlands Lion, 12 December 1890
- Grand Cross of St. Joseph, 26 February 1891
- Knight of tbe Rue Crown, 26 February 1891
- Knight of tbe Elephant, 26 May 1892[2]
- Knight of tbe Gold Lion of Nassau, 9 June 1892
- Grand Cross of tbe Order of Charles III, with Collar, 17 March 1896[3]
- Bronze Jubilee Medal for tbe Armed Forces of Austria, 1898
- Bronze Military Merit Medal ("Signum Laudis") in September 1899
- Order of tbe August Portrait, in Diamonds, 22 October 1900
- Military Order of Malta: Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour, with Distinction for Jerusalem, 19 May 1901
- Grand Cross of tbe Constantinian Order of St. George, 26 January 1903
- Honorary Grand Cross of tbe Bath (military), 10 June 1904[4]
- Grand Cross of Military Merit, 5 November 1905
- Knight of tbe Seraphim, 18 December 1907[5]
- Austrian Military Jubilee Medal, 1908
- Knight of tbe House Order of Fidelity, 10 May 1908
- Grand Cross of tbe Order of Berthold tbe First, 10 May 1908
- House Order of Fidelity (German: Hausorden der Treue) on 10 May 1908
- Grand Cross of tbe White Falcon, 10 May 1908
- Bavarian Prinzregent-Luitpold-Medaille (Jubiläumsmedaille für die Armee 1905), 1911
- Long Service Cross for Officers, 2nd Class for 40 years, 1911
- Grand Cross of tbe Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore, 10 November 1911
- Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 12 June 1912
WWI
File:Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl Erzherzog von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen (awards, decorations and honours).png
.png){kind=link}
Friedrich Erzherzog von Österreich (awards, decorations and honours in German)
- Red Cross Merit Star, 21 August 1914; with War Decoration, 15 February 1915
- Iron Cross, 1st and 2nd Classes, 31 August 1914
- Grand Cross of tbe Military Order of Max Joseph, 1 May 1915
- Military Merit Cross, 1st Class with Diamonds on 9 May 1915
- he also received sowrds and war decoration after their indroduction 1916
- Pour le Mérite (military) with Oak Leaves
- Pour le Mérite on 12 May 1915
- Oak Leaves on 4 January 1917[6]
- Military Merit Cross, 1st and 2nd Classes, 14 March 1915
- Commander of tbe Military Order of St. Henry, 1st Class, 22 May 1915
- Grand Cross of tbe Military Merit Order, 30 May 1915
- Friedrich August Cross, 1st and 2nd Classes, 19 August 1915
- Imtiyaz Medals, Silver and Gold on19 August 1915
- Order of Bravery, 1st Class, 19 February 1916
- War Merit Cross, 11 September 1916
- Princely House Order of Hohenzollern (Fürstlich Hohenzollern'sches Ehrenzeichen), Cross of Honour 1st Class with Swords (HEK1⚔), 12 October 1916
- Bronze Military Merit Medal ("Signum Laudis"), Gold Medal ("Großes Signum Laudis") on tbe ribbon of tbe Military Merit Cross on 17 October 1916
- Grand Cross of tbe Military Order of Maria Theresa, 25 November 1916
- War Merit Cross, 5 July 1918
- Prussian Service Award Cross (Preußisches Dienstauszeichnungskreuz) on 26 September 1918
- Hungarian War Commemorative Medal 1914-1918
- War Commemorative Medal (Austria) with Swords, 1933
Honours
- The battleship SMS Erzherzog Friedrich (1907 launched) was given his name.
- An Honorary Doctorate from tbe Universität für Bodenkultur Wien
Further reading
- Heiszler, Vilmos, Szakács, Margit, & Vörös, Károly, Hause Habsburg, published by Böhlau Verlag, Wien, Köln & Graz, 1989. ISBN: 3-205-051971
References
- ↑ "Papa Friedrich Preferred". Time. (18 February 1929).
- ↑ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (da) p. 472 Syddansk Universitetsforlag. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2
- ↑ Guía Oficial de España (es) p. 210 (1918).
- ↑ Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) The Knights of England, I, London, p. 204
- ↑ , , , Svensk rikskalender, , , 1909, , , , , , ,
- ↑ Foreign Pour le Mérite Awards: Foreign Awards During World War I.